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Biomedical subjects

T Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujiwara.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Frequency and size of coronary arterial aneurysm at necropsy in Kawasaki disease.

The diameter of the largest coronary arterial aneurysm was examined in 61 autopsied children with Kawasaki disease. Thirty children died during the acute stage: The largest diameter of the coronary aneurysm was 6 mm or more in 23 who died of coronary heart disease and 4.5 mm or less in 7 who died of myocarditis. Thirty-one children died during the healed stage: The diameter of the largest coronary aneurysm was 8 mm or more in 26, to 8 mm in 3, and 2.5 mm or less (normal) in 2. Two patients without coronary aneurysms died of bacterial infections or accidents. Twenty-nine patients with a coronary aneurysm 6 mm or more in diameter died of coronary heart disease. Twenty-three of 26 children with a coronary aneurysm 8 mm or larger had multivessel coronary aneurysms.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1987

Determination of (+)- and (-)-nilvadipine in human plasma using chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in humans.

A stereoselective and sensitive method for the determination of nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in human plasma was developed. An internal standard, the deuterated analogue of racemic nilvadipine, was added to the plasma and extracted with an n-hexane:ethyl acetate (92.5:7.5) mixture under alkaline conditions. Each enantiomer in the extract was separated on a chiral stationary-phase column (Chiralpak OT(+)) for HPLC, and the effluents containing the respective isomers were collected. Each effluent was analyzed by fused-silica capillary column GC-electron capture negative ion chemical ionization MS. The mass spectrometer was set to monitor the molecular anions of nilvadipine and the internal standard. Calibration curves were linear for concentrations of each enantiomer from 0.025 to 10 ng/mL. The mean intra- and interassay precisions, as estimated by RSD, were less than 6% for each enantiomer. Assay suitability was assessed in a pharmacokinetic study in which four subjects were given a 6-mg oral dose of racemic nilvadipine. The t1/2 values of the two enantiomers were similar, but the AUC values of the more potent (+)-enantiomer were 2.4-3.6 times higher than those of its optical antipode.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Growth of 9-L and RT-9 gliosarcoma in female rats.

Published studies of 9-L and RT-9 gliosarcoma have been done only in male rats and it is widely assumed that these tumors do not grow in female rats. In this study 9-L and RT-9 gliosarcoma was inoculated into the brains of male and female Fisher CD rats. The tumors grew with essentially the same incidence and survival time in both sexes, confirming that female rats can be used as well as male rats in experiments using RT-9 and 9-L gliosarcomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients after reversible ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke assessed with positron emission tomography.

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV) and oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2) were evaluated and compared among normals, patients with recent reversible ischaemic attacks (RIAs) and patients with chronic minor infarction using positron emission tomography. Average CBF together with CMRO2 significantly decreased in the infarction group in the middle cerebral artery territory of the affected hemisphere while the mean values for RIAs were intermediate between the other two groups. CBV also reduced, however it was more preserved compared to flow as seen in decreased CBF/CBV values. Significant interhemispheric difference was found in CBF/CBV ratio, but it did not clearly correlate with OEF changes. Higher OEF was noted only in the restricted brain regions of RIAs where CBF showed large hemispheric asymmetry. However, in other regions, the coupled decline of blood flow and metabolism was found which suggests tissue damage or neuronal cell loss in the brain with previous RIA symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A new method to induce topical cooling of the right atrium for treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia: an experimental study.

Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) such as sinus tachycardia and atrial dysrhythmia is a life-threatening problem in the period immediately following an open-heart operation. Because of their negative inotropic effects, antiarrhythmic agents are not recommended for patients with low cardiac output syndrome. A device was developed that topically cools the right atrial surface for antiarrhythmic treatment. In experiments, this device lowered right atrial temperature and did not affect the temperature of the right ventricle or the whole body. When right atrial temperature decreased from 37 degrees to 28 degrees C, heart rate was reduced from 146.3 to 109.7 beats per minute (p less than .001). Meanwhile, cardiac output and blood pressure remained within control levels. In the treatment of experimental SVT induced by the intravenous infusion of isoproterenol hydrochloride and by direct application of aconitine, this method worked effectively and was reproducible. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of this method in the treatment of SVT in experimental studies and suggested its future clinical application following open-heart operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A case of cystic lymphangioma extending from the neck to the tongue. Management of the lesion remaining after surgery.

A case of cystic lymphangioma in a child is reported. The lesion extended bilaterally from the neck to the tongue. Complete removal of the tumour in the floor of the mouth and the tongue was impossible. Later, swelling in these regions caused dyspnoea. The residual lesion was treated by external irradiation (60 Co total dose of 30 Gy). During a three-year follow-up period, no recurrence of the swelling, respiratory distress, or side-effects of radiation were observed.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Crystal structures of [Met5] and [(4-bromo)Phe4,Met5]enkephalins: formation of a dimeric antiparallel beta-structure.

The crystal structure of [(4-bromo)Phe4,Met5]enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-(4-bromo)-Phe-Met) shows two independent molecular conformations. The molecules are arranged in parallel in a head-to-tail fashion and form an antiparallel beta-sheet structure involving intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This dimeric beta-structure is also observed in the [Met5]enkephalin crystal, in spite of their different crystal packing environments, which shows the energetic stability of this molecular conformation. The three-dimensional similarity between the dimeric beta-structure and the beta-turn form is discussed in the relation to the opioid delta and mu receptors.

Crystallography↗
PubMed1987

Artificial pulmonary surfactant inhibited by proteins.

With a pulsating bubble surfactometer we assessed the ability of various agents, fibrinogen, human serum, albumin, and a 55,000-dalton serum protein, to interfere with the surface activity of Surfactant TA. From a highest final protein concentration of 4 mg/ml the potential inhibitors were diluted down to 0.125 mg/ml in six steps, and each concentration was evaluated together with two final phospholipid concentrations, 6.25 and 1.25 mg/ml, of the surfactant preparation. The strongest inhibiting action was exerted by fibrinogen, followed by human serum and the 55,000-dalton serum protein; the weakest inhibitor was albumin. Bilirubin, when added in an amount of 1.73 mg/100 ml dissolved in human serum, significantly (P less than 0.001) augmented the inhibition over that exerted by human serum alone. Adsorption rate, as reflected in the mean value of surface tension 2 and 10 s after creation of a bubble, not pulsating, was seriously affected by each of the protein-containing inhibitors in concentrations exceeding 1 mg/ml. Surface tension was raised significantly when the pulsating bubble was at maximal and minimal size. The effect was dose dependent. At maximal size it showed no tendency to disappear during the 10-min recording, but at minimal bubble size the inhibition gradually diminished. We conclude that proteins present in the airways may seriously interfere with the activity of Surfactant TA.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiology of cataract--clinical evaluation with retro-illumination photography.

Retro-illumination photography was utilized for epidemiological studies of cataract. Diagnosis of cataract was made by the existence of shadows on the photographs obtained. In the prevalence study, prevalence rate of cataract was 35.7% in all (30.2% in male and 45.1% female) 1,017 persons (643 males and 347 females). Prevalence rates were always higher in females than in males, and in diabetics as compared with non-diabetics, in all decades of life. The progression study in 338 persons (144 males and 194 females) revealed that maturing courses of cataract were most rapid in diabetic females in the fifth to seventh decades of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of flow characteristics in poststenotic regions of the human coronary artery during bypass graft surgery.

Poststenotic blood flow velocities were evaluated in nine patients with 75% to 99% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We used the 20 MHz 80-channel pulsed Doppler velocimeter developed in our laboratory. An operator placed a specially designed probe on the native LAD with his fingers. Before induction of extracorporeal circulation, LAD blood velocities were measured at several locations distal to the stenosis. The poststenotic flow velocities were rich in systolic flow component with reduced diastolic component. The velocity configuration in the poststenotic portions was characterized by the presence of reverse flow velocities and/or irregularity of the velocity pattern near the vessel wall, indicating the existence of flow separation and recirculation in the regions. The broadening of the velocity spectrum observed at central axial regions suggested the occurrence of flow disturbances. After grafting, the velocity waveform in the LAD beyond a vein bypass graft changed to a diastolic-predominant pattern with a relatively small systolic component. A transient bypass graft occlusion caused a marked reduction in diastolic flow velocity. The systolic-to-diastolic velocity ratio increased from 0.27 +/- 0.07 to 1.50 +/- 0.50 (p less than .01) by the graft occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative analysis of infarct size, contraction band necrosis, and coagulation necrosis in human autopsied hearts with acute myocardial infarction after treatment with selective intracoronary thrombolysis.

To assess the importance of contraction band necrosis (CBN) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with selective intracoronary thrombolysis, CBN, coagulation necrosis, and infarct size (expressed as CBN + coagulation necrosis) were analyzed quantitatively in 16 autopsied hearts. Intracoronary thrombolysis was performed from 2 to 6 hr after the onset of AMI, and the time from the onset of AMI to death was 7 to 168 hr. Cineangiography revealed no evidence of good collateral circulation in any of the patients. The 16 patients were classified into three groups: six patients with successful thrombolysis (100% to 99% stenosis, group I), five patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis (100% to 100%, group II), and five patients with 99% stenosis before thrombolysis (group III). Among the three groups, there were no significant differences in the time from the onset of AMI to thrombolysis, the time from the onset of AMI to death, the cause of death, or the degree of collateral circulation. The percentage of the risk area involved by the infarct in group I (82 +/- 6%) was similar to that in group II (80 +/- 11%). Infarct size was not reduced in group I because collateral circulation was not good and because the degree of recanalization after thrombolysis was 1%. However, the percentage of the infarct area with CBN was significantly higher in group I (20 +/- 9%) then in group II (3 +/- 3%). This finding shows that diffuse CBN occurred after reperfusion in patients with AMI treated with thrombolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Mechanisms of flunarizine-induced vasodilation in the rabbit mesenteric artery.

The vasodilating effects of flunarizine on smooth muscle strips of rabbit mesenteric artery have been investigated and compared with those of nifedipine. Flunarizine (30-300 nM) dose-dependently inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions in Ca2+-free solution containing 100 mM K+. Double reciprocal analysis showed that this inhibition was either competitive at low concentrations (30-100 nM; nifedipine-like) or noncompetitive at high concentrations (0.3-1 microM). The latter seemed to be partly related to an inhibition of contractile proteins as estimated from Ca2+-induced contractions in saponin-treated chemically skinned muscle strips. In contrast to the actions of nifedipine, flunarizine inhibited norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions more than those induced by high K+, and at 0.3 microM, this agent totally blocked NE-induced contraction. Flunarizine also inhibited NE-induced contraction in Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA. In Ca2+-free solution, NE rapidly hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI-P2) and produced phosphatidic acid (PA). Flunarizine (30 and 300 nM), but not nifedipine (100 nM), inhibited NE-induced hydrolysis of PI-P2 and production of PA. However, flunarizine (100 nM) did not modify the contraction induced by 10 microM inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in chemically skinned muscle strips. It is concluded that flunarizine inhibits both voltage-dependent (nifedipine-like) and receptor-operated Ca2+ influx induced by NE and also inhibits NE-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores due to inhibition of the hydrolysis of PI-P2.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Limitation of coronary thrombolysis: experimental study of reperfusion after ischemia.

Contraction band necrosis (CBN), coagulation necrosis (CN) and infarct size, expressed as CBN + CN, were quantitatively analyzed in 15 pig hearts without collateral circulation. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 60 and 120 minutes and then reperfused for eight hours (group 1 and 2, respectively). Five hearts were not reperfused (group 3). There was no change in hemodynamics with either occlusion or reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow, measured by the generated hydrogen gas clearance method, decreased to almost zero after occlusion but recovered during reperfusion. Percent infarct area of the perfused area in group 1, 2 and 3 were 80 +/- 9, 96 +/- 2% and 95 +/- 3%, respectively. The percent area of CBN was 68 +/- 11% in group 1, 2 +/- 1% in group 2 and 2 +/- 2% in group 3. We conclude that in pig hearts without collateral circulation, the transmural infarct, two-thirds of which is occupied by CBN, is evident even in reperfusion following one-hour occlusion. Therefore, in patients with acute myocardial infarction, coronary thrombolysis should be performed within one hour after the onset of the infarction to reduce the infarct size.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of smoking on regional cerebral blood flow in cerebral vascular disease patients and normal subjects.

The chronic effect of smoking on the regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) was studied by 133-Xenon inhalation method and described with the Initial Slope Index (ISI). Fifty-two patients as the control group who had no abnormality neurologically or with CT scan, 32 patients with old cerebral infarction and 20 patients with old cerebral hemorrhage were introduced to the present study, and these patients were divided into smokers and non-smokers in each group. Those whose smoking index of 200 or more [(number of cigarettes/day) X (years of smoking history) greater than or equal to 200] were designated as smokers. ISI values were decreased significantly in smokers than non-smokers in all groups. Mean ISI value of unaffected hemisphere in smokers decreased by 16% in the infarction group and 22% in the hemorrhage group comparing to the non-smokers', respectively. In the control group, mean ISI value of right hemisphere decreased by 15% and left 14% in smokers compared to the non-smokers. The r-CBF values in 44 of the 47 smokers were found to be lower than the expected age matched values in non-smokers. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol value in smokers was significantly lower than that in non-smokers. We demonstrated preliminarily that the smoking chronically reduced the r-CBF. Advanced atherosclerosis associated with the smoker was suggested to affect the CBF.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Age-related brain atrophy enhanced by smoking: a quantitative study with computed tomography.

We examined the chronic effect of smoking on brain atrophy quantitatively with computed tomography (CT). Study was performed on 159 smokers and 194 non-smokers from 40 to 69 years old with neither neurological nor focal abnormality in brain CT. Brain atrophy index (BAI) which was a quantitative marker of brain atrophy reported previously, was calculated from each pixel of brain CT. There was a significant age dependent increase of BAI in both non-smokers and smokers. Smokers showed a significant increase in BAI (atrophic) compared to non-smokers in three age groups, 50-54, 55-59 (p less than 0.01, both) and 65-69 (p less than 0.05). In the male, the mean BAI became high when the smoking index increased (p less than 0.01). The systolic blood pressure and serum triglycerides of smokers were significantly higher than the non-smokers (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). It was suggested that age-related brain atrophy was increased by chronic smoking through advanced atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Establishment and characterization of a virus-free chick cell line.

A line of chick embryo cells (CEC) was obtained from CEC treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The cells, designated CHCC-OU2, were contact-inhibited, formed no colony in soft agar and did not produce tumors when inoculated into syngeneic chickens. The electron microscopic examination and reverse transcriptase assay showed no virus production from the cells. Subgroup A avian sarcoma virus (ASV) and Newcastle disease virus replicated well in the cells of this cell line.

Animals↗