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T Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujiwara.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Effects of goal setting and real-time feedback on performance and time estimation during VDT operation].

The problem of serious occupational fatigue of software operators has come up for discussion. Along with the outcome of a survey showing that their working hours are longer than those of other types of workers, with the former reporting for duty unconsciously early in the morning, it is pointed out that their time estimation and crookedness of time cognition are reduced. As a result of the survey, it was also found that in visual display terminal task, the work is carried on while receiving real-time feedback, and those engaged in development work, set their goal to complete a specific amount of work within a specific time-limit. Thus, in order to examine the effects of these two factors on these workers' performance and their subjective time estimation, 76 subjects (undergraduate students) were asked to engage in task of six terms. The results indicated that the group with its goal set and real-time feedback given had higher performance and motivation for task, and showed more time reduction than did other groups to a significant extent. It is noteworthy that it was proved that the subjects were not conscious of this time reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary surfactant and its clinical application].

The rationale for surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was presented. Findings on the biophysical properties of surfactant preparations based on natural components, including the hydrophobic polypeptides SP-B and SP-C were discussed, along with clinical experience with a reconstituted bovine lung surfactant (Surfactant-TA). Since the first successful clinical use of this surfactant in 1980, a number of subsequent studies have confirmed that SRT can modify the course of RDS. Factors affecting the response to surfactant replacement therapy with Surfactant-TA were also addressed. One controversial issue was the relative effectiveness of prophylactic versus rescue strategies. In our recent prospective randomized trial, prophylactic use of Surfactant-TA prevented the development of RDS completely, and thereby reduced the incidence of chronic lung disease (odds ratio, 0.08 (92% reduction); p = 0.016). This study differed from other similar studies of different surfactants in that only babies with documented surfactant deficiency were included. Our recent in vivo studies showed that Surfactant-TA is Superior to survanta and to totally synthetic surfactants available for clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with lumbar bone metastasis with high uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxygalactose in PET].

18F-fluorodeoxygalactose (18FDGal) is a tracer for the evaluation of galactose metabolism in the tissue. PET with 18FDGal was performed in a hepatoma (HCC) patient with lumbar bone metastasis. The image at 45 min after i.v. injection of 18FDGal demonstrated very high uptake by the bone metastasis with tumor-to-surrounding normal tissue ratio of 36. The tumor uptake expressed by differential absorption ratio was much higher than that in the cirrhotic liver and kidney. The result indicated that the HCC maintained high activity of galactose metabolism and rises the potential of this tracer for detecting extrahepatic metastases of HCC using PET.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

Urinary bladder-selective action of the new antimuscarinic compound vamicamide.

1. The inhibitory action of vamicamide (FK176, (+/-)-(2R*,4R*)-4-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)valeramide, CAS 132373-81-0) on the responses of various tissues to the cholinergic agonists, carbachol and McN-A-343 (4-[m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy]-2-butynyl-trimethylammonium chloride, CAS 55-45-8), was investigated in isolated tissue preparations. Vamicamide showed competitive antagonistic actions against all the preparations tested and its pA2 value for the urinary bladder was 6.82, which was higher than that for the atria (5.94) and almost the same as that for the vas deferens (6.90) and for the stomach (6.81). The pA2 values of oxybutynin hydrochloride (oxybutynin) and atropine sulfate monohydrate (atropine) were nearly the same in all the tissues tested. 2. Oral administration of vamicamide 0.1-1.0 mg/kg inhibited dose-dependently spontaneous bladder contractions caused by raising the intravesical volume in conscious rats. Inhibitory actions were also obtained with 0.32-3.2 mg/kg of oxybutynin or 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg of atropine, but the duration of action of oxybutynin was shorter than that of vamicamide or atropine. Vamicamide further inhibited bladder contractions in rats following intravesical administration of 0.05-0.5 mg/ml solution. 3. Vamicamide had no effect or only slightly inhibited spontaneous motility of the stomach and distal colon in conscious rats, as well as heart rate and salivary secretion in conscious dogs, after oral dosing with 3.2 mg/kg of the compound. Similar results were obtained with oxybutynin, excepting the occurrence of tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Poliomyelitis surveillance in Shandong Province, China, 1990-92.

In Shandong Province, China, programmes were initiated in 1991 for mass immunization against poliomyelitis and for the immediate reporting of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). The incidence of non-poliomyelitis AFP was found to be 0.46-0.61 cases per 100,000 children per annum. It appeared that illness resembling the Guillain-Barré syndrome was underreported. The incidence of such illness peaked among children aged 2-3 years. Although laboratory investigations have improved, in 1992 they were still inadequate in nearly a third of confirmed poliomyelitis cases. As the prevalence of wild poliovirus declines in China, reliable laboratory support needs to be established and adequately sensitive and specific AFP surveillance be developed if poliomyelitis is to be eradicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Simplified nonlinearity correction of oxygen-15-water regional cerebral blood flow images without blood sampling.

UNLABELLED: A noninvasive method, the double-integration method, was developed to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by using 15O-water and PET. It relies on the acquisition of images with a correction of nonlinearity of brain tissue counts and can produce rCBF images on a pixel-by-pixel basis. METHODS: Oxygen-15-water PET studies were performed on five normal human volunteers, and continuous sampling from the radial artery was conducted to generate functional CBF images according to the invasive catheterization method. The method centers on a computer-based program elaborated to calculate an arterial input function with an assumption of the whole brain blood rate of 50 ml/dl/min and consequently does not require arterial catheterization or arterial input function sampled from other studies. RESULTS: The results indicate a good correlation between this method and the invasive method (r > 0.966, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This noninvasive method was demonstrated to provide an accurate estimation of rCBF and may simplify the activation studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Reoperation after open mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis].

Between 1975 and 1993, 16 of 95 patients who received open mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis required reoperation for recurrent mitral lesions with a mean duration of 11 years after the initial operation at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital. The mitral lesions necessitating reoperation involved restenosis in eight, stenoinsufficiency in six and regurgitation in two. In 13 patients, mitral commissure was well separated, and the mitral restenosis and regurgitation were caused by progressions of valvular and subvalvular lesions. Significant tricuspid valve regurgitation was also seen in nine patients, and in seven out of eight patients who were in NYHA functional class III or IV, tricuspid regurgitation of grade 3 was observed. The combined tricuspid regurgitation aggravated the patient's symptoms and became a major risk factor of the reoperation after open mitral commissurotomy.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1994

[Relationships between serum lipid peroxide level (serum TBA level) and smoking, alcohol drinking, food frequency, serum vitamin C and E in subjects with multiphasic screening].

Relationships between serum thiobarbituric acid (TBA) level and smoking, alcohol drinking, differences in food intake with alcohol drinking, serum vitamin C (VC) and E (VE) were studied in 283 non-treated men (aged 20-69 years) who visited a human dock conducted in an urban area of Hyogo prefecture in 1989-1991 (annually May-July). The results were as follows: 1. An effect of smoking on serum TBA level was not observed. 2. The subjects were divided into three groups according to weekly sake intake levels, i.e., non-drinkers including ex-drinkers (ND), mild drinkers (MD, weekly sake intake: < or = 1260 ml), and heavy drinkers (HD, > 1260 ml). The serum TBA level of HD, but not of MD, was significantly higher than that of ND. 3. Serum TBA level had significant positive correlations with age, GPT, gamma-GTP, TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), PL (phospholipids), total serum lipids (TLP, i.e., TC+TG+PL), VE, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), but had no significant correlations with VC and VE/TLP. 4. The subjects (N+M) D, which included ND and MD, and those of HD were divided respectively into three groups according to weekly food intake levels, i.e., non-intake group (NF), low frequent intake group (LF, 1-3 days/week), and high frequent intake group (HF, > or = 4 days/week). The fish intake level of HD was significantly higher than that of (N+M) D, while the intake levels of vegetables, fruits and soft drinks of HD were significantly lower than those of (N+M) D. 5. Serum TBA level, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG, PL, TLP, VE, EPA and DHA of HD were significantly higher than those of (N+M) D. On the other hand, VC of HD was significantly lower than that of (N+M) D. 6. When the subjects of (N+M) D were divided into three groups according to weekly fish intake levels as mentioned above, serum TBA level, EPA and DHA of HF in (N+M) D were significantly higher than those of NF in (N+M) D. 7. Serum TBA level of HD in non-fish intake group was significantly higher than that of (N+M) D in the same group. These results suggest that increased serum TBA level in HD is closely related to the increased intake frequency of fish in addition to the effect of alcohol drinking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Report of two cases with idiopathic true exfoliation of the lens capsule--histopathological and electron microscopical study].

True exfoliation is a delamination of the superficial or all layers of the anterior lens capsule, appearing as a transparent membrane in the anterior chamber. It is a rare occurrence and most of the reported cases have been associated with histories of exposure to excessive heat, ocular trauma, or intraocular inflammation. We report two cases of idiopathic true exfoliation without any contributory history. In one case, the lens was surgically removed intracapsularly, and served for histological study and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The anterior fourth of the capsule was delaminated. Underlying epithelial cells showed nonspecific senile changes.

Aged↗