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Biomedical subjects

T Fujino

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujino.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis alter the binding of glycoconjugates in the intestinal mucosa of C3H mice as determined by lectin histochemistry.

Mouse (C3H) mucosal glycoconjugates were examined in normal small intestines and intestines infected with Echinostoma caproni or E. trivolvis using six different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), Glycine max soybean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and Arachis hypogaea peanut agglutinin (PNA). The expression of lectin-binding sites and the intensity of the binding of lectins in the mouse small intestines were changed by infection with the echinostomes. Specific differences in the reaction to glycoproteins were clearly observed between the mouse intestines infected with E. caproni and those infected with E. trivolvis. In E. caproni infection, binding of most of the lectins to the villi was remarkably reduced in accord with the villous atrophy and loss of goblet cells. In contrast, in E. trivolvis infection, the binding of WGA, RCA-I and DBA was reduced in the microvillar surfaces, but binding of UEA-I and SBA were unchanged compared to the control intestines. The lectin binding to goblet cells in E. trivolvis-infected mice mostly increased. These observations may reflect the marked increase in goblet cells and the less severe damage in the villi of E. trivolvis infection compared to E. caproni infection. Most of the glycoconjugates were slightly reduced in the hyperplastic crypts except for N-acetyl glucosamine. It is possible that glucose metabolism in the host intestines infected with E. trivolvis was activated, resulting in an increase in the rate of mucin synthesis as well as qualitative changes in mucus, thereby mediating the expulsion of the worms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis: worm kinetics and intestinal cytopathology in conventional and congenitally athymic BALB/c mice.

The infectivity and distribution of Echinostoma trivolvis were studied in male, conventional and congenitally athymic nude mice, each infected with 30 metacercarial cysts. In conventional mice, worm recoveries at 6 and 8 days post-exposure were 58.3 and 54.0%, respectively. Worm recovery declined to 44.0% by day 10, to 4.3% by day 13, and 0% by day 17. In athymic mice, worm recoveries at 6 and 8 days post-exposure were 61.7 and 36.3%, respectively. Worm recovery declined to 27.7% by day 10, to 0.7% by day 13, and 0% by day 17. The distribution of worms demonstrated a posteriad migration over time in both groups. Kinetic changes in the number of goblet and mucosal mast cells in the upper ileum of mice infected with E. trivolvis were examined. In conventional mice, the number of goblet cells increased rapidly to reach a peak at day 13 and then declined gradually. The number of goblet cells in athymic mice also increased to reach a peak at day 13, and then declined rapidly. However, the number of goblet cells in athymic mice was always less than that in conventional mice. The mast cell number in infected conventional mice increased rapidly to reach a peak at day 17 and then declined. There was no increase in the mast cell number of infected athymic mice throughout the experiment. Whereas common pathological changes occurred in the intestines of both mice groups infected with echinostomes some ultrastructural differences were observed in the gut epithelial cells of conventional versus athymic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Heterogeneity of HLA-G genes identified by polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR/SSCP).

A genomic HLA-G clone named 7.0E was isolated from a Japanese placenta. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 7.0E was identical to two HLA-G genomic clones and two cDNA clones previously described. The DNA sequences of alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the HLA-G gene from 5 cell lines also encoded the same amino acids. However, a 14 bp insertion, ATTTGTTCATGCCT, was present in the 3' untranslated region of 7.0E compared with the originally described HLA-G clone (HLA 6.0). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of exon 8 allowed the HLA-G gene to be classified into two alternative types, G6.0 and 7.0 E, those correlated to the absence or the presence of the 14 bp stretch. Each group had minor sequence variant(s), and the alleles of the 7.0E-type were more heterogeneous than those of the G6.0-type. The 14 bp deletion is present only in the G6.0-type of HLA-G alleles among HLA class I genes. Thus it was suggested that G6.0 alleles were generated after diversification of the HLA-G.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Organization of a Clostridium thermocellum gene cluster encoding the cellulosomal scaffolding protein CipA and a protein possibly involved in attachment of the cellulosome to the cell surface.

The nucleotide sequence was determined for a 9.4-kb region of Clostridium thermocellum DNA extending from the 3' end of the gene (now termed cipA), encoding the S1/SL component of the cellulosome. Three open reading frames (ORFs) belonging to two operons were detected. They encoded polypeptides of 1,664, 688, and 447 residues, termed ORF1p, ORF2p, and ORF3p, respectively. The COOH-terminal regions of the three polypeptides were highly similar and contained three reiterated segments of 60 to 70 residues each. Similar segments have been found at the NH2 terminus of the S-layer proteins of Bacillus brevis and Acetogenium kivui, suggesting that ORF1p, ORF2p, and ORF3p might also be located on the cell surface. Otherwise, the sequence of ORF1p and ORF2p gave little clue concerning their potential function. However, the NH2-terminal region of ORF3p was similar to the reiterated domains previously identified in CipA as receptors involved in binding the duplicated segment of 22 amino acids present in catalytic subunits of the cellulosome. Indeed, it was found previously that ORF3p binds 125I-labeled endoglucanase CelD containing the duplicated segment (T. Fujino, P. Béguin, and J.-P. Aubert, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 94:165-170, 1992). These findings suggest that ORF3p might serve as an anchoring factor for the cellulosome on the cell surface by binding the duplicated segment that is present at the COOH end of CipA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Cumulative effects of heart beat on ventricular premature contractions suggesting possible involvement of triggered activity.

We analyzed 24 h ECG recordings of 29 patients with frequent (> 2000/day) ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) to evaluate: 1) the relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate (HR); 2) the relationship between the coupling interval (CI) of VPCs and HR; 3) the time course of changes in VPC frequency following an abrupt and sustained increase in HR; and 4) the effect of oral diltiazem (90 or 180 mg/day for 4 weeks) on VPCs. Based on the patterns of relationship between VPC frequency and HR, patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 17 patients with a positive correlation, the P group (a linear increase in VPCs with increasing HRs); and 2) 12 patients with a non-positive correlation, the NP group. The NP group showed either a linear decrease in VPCs with increased HRs (4 patients) or an increase in VPCs at low HRs and a decrease at high HRs (8 patients). In all cases, an increased HR was associated with a shortening of CI. In the P group, changes in VPCs after an abrupt increase in HR showed 2 types: 1) delayed-ascent type, in which VPCs increased as the duration of HR increase was prolonged (cumulative effects of heart beat) (7 patients); and non-delayed-ascent type (10 patients). Diltiazem reduced VPCs > or = 75% in all of the 7 delayed-ascent-type patients, compared with 3 of the 10 non-delayed-ascent-type patients (p < 0.05) and none of the 12 patients in the NP group (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Concept of simulation surgery.

The concept of simulation surgery was first proposed by Fujino in 1989 and reinforced in 1991. It is divided in two sections; empirical simulation surgery, where the surgical procedure is designed first in the surgeon's brain, and computer simulation surgery, where the disease condition and the possible surgical procedures can be viewed in three-dimensions (3D) either on a computer monitor, or by means of a solid 3D model, crafted from computer generated data, before proceeding to the actual surgery itself. Each of these sections is subdivided into three subsections; morphological, functional and psychological simulation surgery, respectively. Along those lines, the concept of simulation surgery is discussed, with special reference to plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1993

Laser applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Very shortly after the laser's first successful firing in 1960, applications were found in the medical field in the specialities of ophthalmology and dermatology and have since expanded to include indications in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In the photodestructive mode, laser energy is used selectively to vaporize, incise, excise, ablade and coagulate target tissue; the surgical laser can also degrade or denature protein in the target tissue, and the latter photoreaction now forms the basis for laser tissue welding in a variety of tissue types. The author refers to these photodestructive applications as high reactive-level laser treatment, or HLLT. In laser therapeutic applications, the temperature of the cells may rise only very slightly or not at all, and there is no immediate irreversible change in the target tissue architecture. The level of reaction is thus lower than the cell survival threshold, giving a direct photoactivative effect. The author refers to this as low reactive-level laser therapy, or LLLT: LLLT applications include pain attenuation, wound healing acceleration; enhanced remodeling in accelerated bone and tendon repair; restoration of normal neural function; normalization of abnormal hormonal function; modulation of the autoimmune system; control of hyper- and hypotension and so on. HLLT and LLLT are contrasted and compared, and applications of both HLLT and LLLT in PRS are discussed in brief.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Recent progress in analysis of arrhythmias using electrocardiography].

Recently, various novel techniques have been used in clinic to analyze arrhythmias. These include vectorcardiography, body surface ECG mapping, signal-averaged ECG, intracardiac electrogram and monophasic action potentials, and 24-hour ECG recordings. We examined 24-hour ECG recordings in patients with frequent ventricular premature contractions (VPCs), to identify VPCs possibly due to delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). We evaluated :1) the relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate (HR); 2) the time course of changes in VPC frequency following an abrupt and sustained increase in HR; and 3) the effects of oral diltiazem on VPCs. Patients could be divided into 2 groups according to whether VPCs increased with an increase in HRs (positive correlation or P group) or not (non-positive correlation or NP group). In the P group, changes in VPCs after an abrupt and sustained increase showed 2 types: 1) delayed-ascent type, in which VPCs increased as the duration of HR increase was prolonged; and 2) non-delayed-ascent type. Diltiazem suppressed almost only the VPCs of delayed-ascent type. The VPCs of delayed-ascent type had several important feature characteristic of DADs, suggesting these VPCs may be due to DADs.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1993

1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis of human urine: periodic variation of trimethylamine oxide excretion.

We used 1H-NMR to study the constituents of the urine from a female volunteer who had an unidentified complaint syndrome (chief complaints: discomfort of scapular region, abdominal distention and exhaustion). The pH dependence of the chemical shift of some constituents was investigated for signal assignments, and the intense peak at about 3.3 ppm was assigned to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). We measured the concentration of the constituents of urine, and TMAO excretion in the urine over a three week time period. The TMAO excretion fluctuated in a cycle of about 2 days. The average excretion determined (3.8 mmole/day) is considerably higher than data of healthy humans that had been previously reported (0.3 to 0.5 mmole/day).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Autopsy-proven cases of fatal saddle thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery].

In 544 autopsy cases during the period from 1984 through 1990 at National Okura Hospital, there were 7 cases of fatal saddle pulmonary thromboembolism (1.3%). Pulmonary thromboembolism was included in the differential diagnosis, but not as a primary consideration. Therefore, no case was diagnosed antemortem. Saddle thromboembolus is defined here as a thromboembolus which impacted in the main pulmonary artery or lodged astride the bifurcation. The cases were 5 females and 2 males ranging in age from 53 to 76 years. During the clinical course of the initial disease, sudden symptoms including dyspnea, chest pain or tachypnea developed, and death occurred within one hour or in a relatively short period of time. In case 6, sudden death followed removal of a central venous catheter inserted in the inferior vena cava one week previously. In cases 2, 3, and 5, deep vein thromboemboli were detected at postmortem examination. In cases 3 and 4, the patients were 3- and 5-days postoperative, respectively. Laboratory data obtained before death showed no abnormalities of hematologic and coagulation profiles. At autopsy, the pulmonary artery trunk was completely occluded by embolus, and thromboemboli were detected in the femoral and iliac veins in 3 cases. These thromboemboli were composed of fibrin and red cells enmeshed with platelets. On microscopic examination, endothelial disruption was not observed at the levels of the large and smaller pulmonary vessels, which underlies thrombosis in situ or creates a procoagulant environment. Proximal pulmonary thromboemboli were demonstrated in only one out of seven cases (Case 1). Saddle thromboembolism, in our limited observation, resulted from the impact of large floating embolus, emanating from elsewhere, against the large pulmonary artery, rather than the propagation of a smaller pulmonary embolus originating in a peripheral artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta].

We report a rare case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta without any evidence of aneurysm formation or aortic dissection. A woman aged 64 was admitted to our cardiac care unit as an emergency patient with severe chest pain. Her face was pale and systolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg in spite of intravenous administration of dopamine (10 micrograms/kg/min). She had a history of hypertension for two years under good medical control. No trace of the chest trauma was noted before her admission. Physical examination revealed neck vein engorgement and distant heart sounds. Chest X-ray film showed enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. ECG showed no evidence of acute coronary syndrome. Pericardial effusion with a floating hematoma-like mass was detected by 2-dimensional echocardiogram. Pericardiocentesis revealed bloody pericardial fluid (Ht: 26%). Aortagraphy was performed resulting in a clinical diagnosis of acute aortic dissection, but there were no signs of a false lumen, aneurysm formation or extravasation of the contrast medium. Although continuous pericardial drainage was performed, she suddenly lost consciousness, collapsed and died. A longitudinal intimal laceration 5 cm long was observed in the ascending aorta. Pathological examination revealed cystic medial necrosis and irregularity of the elastic fibers in the media. No atheromatous plaque was noted in the intima. Spontaneous rupture of the aorta is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Superior altitudinal hemianopia and herpes zoster.

A healthy 41-year-old women had acute retrobulbar optic neuritis with superior altitudinal hemianopia four weeks after cutaneous herpes zoster. Her visual acuity decreased to 0.04 OD, and mild iritis was noticed. However, ophthalmoscopic examination and fluorescein angiography disclosed no remarkable change. She had a low amplitude during flash visual-evoked potential testing with almost normal latency time in the acute stage. Corticosteroid therapy was administered, and her visual acuity and visual-field defect rapidly improved. Complete recovery, including the pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential results, was obtained.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

The development of hypercalcemia in a patient with an ovarian tumor producing parathyroid hormone-related protein.

Hypercalcemia developed in a 34-year-old woman with a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Osseous involvement with the tumor cells was not present. Primary hyperparathyroidism was absent. Operative partial resection of the metastatic supraclavicular lymph node, followed by radiation therapy, decreased her serum calcium concentrations. This case belongs to the category of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). Detection of a significant quantity of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in the metastatic lymph node suggested that the HHM of the patient was induced by PTH-rP produced by the tumor. From a review of 17 cases of ovarian tumors showing HHM-like morbidity, it was found that clear cell carcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma were the major types of ovarian tumors associated with HHM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Cloning of a Clostridium thermocellum DNA fragment encoding polypeptides that bind the catalytic components of the cellulosome.

A test based on the binding of 125I-labelled endoglucanase CelD was used to clone a DNA region encoding at least two different polypeptides that interact with the conserved reiterated segment present in many catalytic components of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome. One of the polypeptides corresponds to the COOH-terminal region of the SL (or S1) component of the cellulosome (U.T. Gerngross and A.L. Demain, personal communication). It comprises repeated domains that are responsible for binding 125I-labelled CelD, and presumably represent anchoring sites for the various catalytic components of the cellulosome. The other polypeptide is encoded by a gene that has not yet been described.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A comparative ultrastructural and histochemical study of the metacercarial cyst walls of four species of Paragonimus (Troglotrematidae: Trematoda).

The metacercarial cyst walls of Paragonimus westermani, P. miyazakii, P. ohirai, and P. iloktsuenensis were examined using ultrastructural and histochemical techniques. The cyst walls of P. westermani, P. miyazakii, and P. ohirai were found to have five distinct layers, whereas the wall of P. iloktsuenensis had only two. The so-called outer cyst wall recognized on light microscopy by Miyazaki (1961) was composed of layers I-III and the so-called inner cyst wall comprised layers IV and V. The outermost layer (I) consisted of collagen fibers and probably originated from the host. Layer III detached easily from layer IV on removal of the cysts from the host tissues. Layer IV was composed of proteoglycans, and layer V consisted of protein alone. A regular hexagonal pattern in layer V appeared to be characteristic of P. westermani. Although the basic morphological patterns observed in the layers constituting the cyst walls were similar in all species examined, the thickness of each layer was apparently different. This characteristic seems to be a suitable criterion for the identification of metacercarial cysts of Paragonimus species.

Animals↗