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Biomedical subjects

T Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujimoto.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Effects of KS-R1 (ampicillin suppository) and ampicillin oral dosing on fecal flora of children].

A newly developed product, KS-R1 (a suppository containing 250 mg potency of ampicillin (ABPC)), was given to 7 children (5 boys and 2 girls) ranging from 4 years and 5 months to 8 years and 10 months in age, 3 times a day (average daily dose, 62.4 mg/kg) for 5 days. As a control, the same amount of ABPC dry syrup was given orally to 7 children (4 boys and 3 girls) ranging from 2 years and 8 months to 7 years and 7 months in age, 3 times a day (average daily dose, 55.3 mg/kg) for 5 days. The effects of these 2 preparations on the bacterial flora of the feces were investigated, and concentrations of ABPC in the feces and sensitivities of the isolated strains to ABPC were determined. The results were as follows. As for Gram-negative bacilli in the feces from children given KS-R1, there was no change in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobacter sp. which were isolated from many children 3 days after the end of treatment, but they did not show any constant pattern of change in mean number. Other species did not show any pattern of increase in the number of children from whom they were isolated, or in the number of bacteria during the course after the beginning of treatment. The total number of bacteria identified as Enterobacteriaceae was at the level of 10(8) cells/g on any day of examination. Of Gram-negative bacilli other than Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas sp. showed no constant pattern of change in number. On the other hand, of Gram-positive bacteria, there was no constant pattern of change in the number of Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci began to be isolated from many children 5 days after the beginning of treatment and were isolated from all children 5 days after the end of treatment, but there was no tendency for the mean number to increase. Enterococcus sp. was not isolated from 3 children 3 days after the beginning of treatment, and was decreased in number by one order in 3 out of other 4 children as compared with before-treatment. However, this species was isolated from all children 3 days after the end of treatment, and the mean number of bacteria was similar to that before-treatment although the number of bacteria was different in individual children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[DNA-RNA cytofluorometric analysis of a case of osteosarcoma in relation to histological characteristics].

We applied DNA-RNA cytofluorometry with AO stain to cell kinetic analysis of osteosarcoma in a 12-year-old girl in relation to its histological characteristics. Histological findings obtained for 9 macroscopically different lesions were grouped into 4 main structural characteristics, but their cytofluorometric results were classified into 2 main patterns of DNA-RNA distribution. One showed remarkable polyploidization with many DNA synthetic cells in the invasive lesions, which were composed of pleomorphic cells forming osteoid or occasionally cartilaginous matrix. The other showed marked accumulation of tetraploid cells almost without DNA synthetic cells, being composed of relatively uniform fibroblastic or stellate-like cells in the cartilaginous matrix. These results indicated a close relationship between cell proliferative activity and the tissue environment.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part II: Multivariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.

The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group. Multivariate analysis was performed to determined the relationship between the characteristics and duration of survival of the patients. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count, sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. By using multivariate techniques, factors were found which the independently and significantly predict the length of survival. These factors were initial WBC count (r0 = 0.2908), age at diagnosis (r0 = 0.2982), and treatment regimen (r0 = 0.2488). Using the major prognostic factors of age at diagnosis and initial WBC count, a formula to predict the survival time was established. According to the initial WBC count and age at diagnosis, we classified all cases of childhood ALL as standard risk and high risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part I: Univariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.

The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group. A univariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics and the duration of the patients' survival. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count, sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. Favorable prognosis was exhibited only by those patients with initial WBC counts of less than 50,000/mm3, with age at onset between 2 and 6 years, without splenomegaly, and with hemoglobin levels between 5 and 10 g/dl. The most significant contributions among the various individual prognostic factors were initial WBC count (p less than 0.001) and the age at diagnosis (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Acute childhood leukemia: treatment results in children's cancer and leukemia group studies 1972-1981].

Controlled clinical trials of therapy for childhood acute leukemia are reviewed in the Children's Cancer & Leukemia Group Studies 1972-1981. The mortality of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children has been reduced about one-half in the past 10 years. Continued progress depends on maintaining our objective of curing all children and in conceiving and testing new ideas that might contribute to cure. Nowadays, the end result of most importance is long-term leukemia-free survival, i.e., the freedom from relapse after off therapy. Advances in the childhood leukemia have paved the way for encouraging progress in the management of the much more common malignancies that affects adults.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental study on ceftizoxime suppositories in adults and children].

The pharmacokinetics of newly developed ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was studied in healthy volunteers and in children, compared with that of intramuscular CZX and intravenous CZX: In 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 24 years), each of 500 mg (potency) CZX-S containing 3%, 4% and 5% sodium caprate was compared with 500 mg intramuscular CZX and 500 mg intravenous CZX as a single administration in the cross-over method. In addition each of 500 mg CZX-S containing 4% and 5% sodium caprate was studied in 2 groups of 8 volunteers (aged 22 to 24 years) and of 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 27 years); each CZX-S was given 3 times a day successively for 5 days. The pharmacokinetics of 125 mg and 250 mg CZX-S, which contained 3% sodium caprate, were also evaluated as a single administration in 9 children (aged 6 years 4 months to 12 years 0 month) and in 11 children (aged 7 years 8 months to 12 years 4 months), respectively. The irritabilities of CZX-S were studied in all subjects who participated in this trial. The feeling of foreign body, the feeling of defecation, the burning sensation and the pain were evaluated in volunteers; the feeling of defecation and the pain were evaluated in children. The results were as follows: I. Pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers 1. Given as a single administration The mean peak concentrations of serum CZX were occurred 30 minutes after 500 mg CZX-S containing 3%, 4% and 5% sodium caprate, which were 10.5 mcg/ml, 12.3 mcg/ml and 12.4 mcg/ml, respectively. These values were 1.35 mcg/ml, 1.60 mcg/ml and 1.69 mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg dose per 1 kg body weight. The mean peak serum CZX concentration of CZX-S containing 3% sodium caprate was slightly lower than that of CZX-S containing 4% or 5% sodium caprate, but was 1.9 times higher than that of the ABPC suppository. There was no marked difference among 3 preparations of CZX-S in mean Tmax and T1/2. Cmax of CZX-S containing 3% sodium caprate was 1.40 mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg/kg. AUC of CZX-S containing 3% sodium caprate was slightly smaller than that of CZX-S containing 4% or 5% sodium caprate, but 3.1 times that of the ABPC suppository in healthy volunteers. When 500 mg CZX was intramuscularly administered by one shot to 8 volunteers, Tmax was same as that of CZX-S or was slightly later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue therapy in children: analysis of bone marrow cell kinetics by flow cytometry].

Nine children in remission from hematologic malignancies received infusion of methotrexate (2,000-6,000 mg/m2) for 24 hours followed by citrovorum factor rescue (beginning 36 hours after the start of MTX infusion). Marrow cell kinetics of these patients were studied by flow cytometry with computer analysis. An accumulation of cells in the early-mid S phase and a decrease of cells in the G2/M phase were observed at 24-48 hours after exposure to MTX except for one infant case. By the 6th day after MTX infusion, the DNA histograms returned to pretreatment values. No kinetic perturbation was observed in the marrow cells of a 1-year, 5-month-old infant who showed high plasma MTX concentrations over the median values of the other eight children. These results show that profound but reversible changes are observed in marrow cell kinetics in most patients treated with our current high-dose MTX therapy with CF rescue and that a repeated course would be possible without cumulative marrow toxicity. More studies in young infants are needed to clarify the relationship between age and marrow toxicity of MTX so that treatment schedules with a higher therapeutic index can be designed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1985

[Basic and clinical trials of aztreonam in the field of pediatrics].

Serum and urinary concentrations and recovery rates of aztreonam (SQ26,776, AZT), a newly developed antibiotic, were studied for a total of 20 pediatric cases by one-shot intravenous injections of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, and by intravenous drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases for 1 hour, respectively. Clinical and bacterial effects of AZT were studied by administering 76.7 mg/kg per day on average for a total of 36 cases of tonsillitis (6), pneumonia (13), otitis media and pneumonia complication (1), pleurisy (1), sinusitis (1) and UTI (14). The above daily dose was given t.i.d. (9 cases) or q.i.d. (27 cases), by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes for one t.i.d. case and by one-shot intravenous injection for 7 days for the remaining 35 cases. Also, side effect and laboratory values were examined for 43 cases including 7 dropouts. Serum concentration of AZT in 10 pediatric cases were measured by dosing 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by one-shot intravenous injection to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In every dosage group, the serum concentrations were highest 5 minutes after the intravenous injection with average values of 91.0, 174.0 and 175.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Dose response was observed between 10 mg/kg dose group and 20, 40 mg/kg dose groups, but it was not between 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group. This was considered to be attributable to the individual case-fluctuations in the 2 groups and to a high concentration case of 240.0 mcg/ml in the 20 mg/kg group. Half-life of each dosage group was 1.55, 1.65 and 1.93 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT in 10 pediatric cases at the dosage level of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were highest at the end of the administration with average values of 95.7, 126.0 and 170.7 mcg/ml, respectively. There was a dose response among the 3 groups and the half-life of them were 1.02, 1.41 and 2.48 hours, respectively. A longer half-life of the 3rd group with 40 mg/kg administration than the other 2 groups was due to 1 particular case of 4.44 hours with unknown cause of such an exceptional extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20 children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4 mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop-out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes. The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0 approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Influence of ceftriaxone on bacterial flora in human feces].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a newly developed antibiotic agent, was administered at 1,000 mg intravenously twice a day for 5 days to 7 healthy volunteers aged 21 to 26, weighing 61 to 79 kg (mean: 67.7 kg). The fecal bacterial flora was examined and the fecal level of CTRX was determined before, on 3 and 5 days after starting the administration, and on 3, 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration. At the same time, various bacteria isolated from the collected fecal specimens were studied for the sensitivity to CTRX, CEZ, CMZ and CTX. Adverse reactions and influence on various clinical laboratory parameters of CTRX were also examined. The results were as follows. Fecal bacterial flora: Enterobacteriaceae was at the level of 10(5) to 10(8) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g) before starting the administration. The bacteria were detected from none of the 7 subjects on 5 days after starting the administration and on 3 days after terminating the administration. On 10 days after terminating the administration, the bacteria were detected in 6 out of 7 subjects at the level of 10(3) to 10(7) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g). The level was the same as before starting the administration as a whole, but it had not been recovered to the initial level in any individual subject. With regard to other Gram-negative bacilli, P. aeruginosa which was isolated from none of the 7 subjects before starting the administration was detected at the level of 10(2) to 10(6) cells/g in 1 or 2 subjects on 3 days after starting, and on 3, 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration. Concerning Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. was isolated at the level of 10(3) to 10(4) cells/g in 3 subjects before starting the administration. The detection rate was decreased after starting the administration; it was detected in 2 and 1 subjects on 3 and 5 days after starting the administration, respectively, and in 1 subject on 3 days after terminating the administration. Then the detection rate was gradually increased; i.e., in 3 and 5 subjects on 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration, respectively. The level became gradually higher from on 5 days after terminating the administration than before starting the administration. Enterococcus sp. was isolated at the level of 10(5) to 10(8) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g) in all of the 7 subjects before starting the administration. It was was detected in 1 and 4 subjects on 3 and 5 days, respectively, after starting the administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of aztreonam on bacterial flora in human feces].

Aztreonam (AZT), a new injectable monobactam antibiotic, was administered to 7 healthy male volunteers, aged 21-28 years (23 years, on average) and weighing 60.5-87.0 kg, (69.5 kg, on average) by one shot intravenous injection of 1,000 mg twice a day for 5 days. The effect of AZT on the fecal flora was studied 3 days before administration, on the day of the initiation, 3 and 5 days (end of the administration course) after the initiation, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of the administration. Fecal concentration of AZT was also studied. Also, fecal concentration and recovery rate of AZT in 4 healthy male volunteers aged 23-31 years (26 years, on average), weighing 59.5-70.5 kg (65.6 kg, on average) were measured by injecting 1,000 mg of AZT by intravenous injection only one time. Susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from the 7 cases receiving consecutive dosage to AZT, cefmetazole (CMZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ) and ceftazidime (CAZ) as well as side effect and laboratory values were examined with the following results. In the fecal flora, the population of Enterobacteriaceae on average was 10(7) cells/g feces on the day of the initiation and decreased by 2 logarithms to 10(5) cells/g 3 days after the initiation, 10(5) cells/g feces 5 days after the initiation with no bacterial isolation in 2 cases, 10(7) cells/g feces on 3 and 5 days after the end of administration respectively with recovery of the population to the average population on the day of the initiation. However, it increased 10 days after the end of administration with the population of 10(9) cells/g feces due to the isolation of one 10(10) cells/g feces, which was an increase by 2 logarithms as compared with average population before the administration. It was also higher than the average population 3 days before the initiation of administration. Temporal decrease or disappearance of the bacteria were noted by the administration of AZT. As to other cases of Gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas sp. was detected from only 2 cases 3 days before the initiation of administration and on the day of the initiation, but there was an increase to 4 and 5 cases 3 and 5 days after the initiation respectively. Number of isolation returned to 2 cases, 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration respectively and it was same as the number before the initiation of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Locomotion and scanning electron microscopic observations of primordial germ cells from the embryonic chick blood in vitro.

The locomotion of chick primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro was observed using 16-mm time-lapse microcinematography and 35-mm time-lapse film. The PGCs isolated from circulating blood of stage 14 to 16 embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951) were cultured on a substrate of mesenchymal feeder cells obtained from the dorsal mesentery of stage 40 embryos, using modified medium 199 containing 10% fetal calf serum. The PGCs were found to move actively and to show a tendency to move along the longer axis of the underlying cells. The velocity of PGC locomotion averaged 26 micron/hr and reached 58 micron/hr as a maximum. After observation, the PGCs were processed for scanning electron microscopy. They had a considerable number of microvilli about 0.2 micron in thickness and some cytoplasmic blebs on their surfaces. It was observed that the PGCs in the migrating phase adhered to the substrate with its filopodia only at the leading edge, while a large part of the cell appeared to be apart from the substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Theoretically required urinary flow during high-dose methotrexate infusion.

The renal excretion of methotrexate (MTX) and its major metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) was analysed in 12 children with malignancies during 52 courses of high-dose methotrexate (H-D-MTX) infusion at dosages ranging from 0.7 to 8.4 g/m2. The peak concentrations of both MTX and 7-OH-MTX exceeded the aqueous solubilities of these compounds at low pH (less than or equal to 6.0). The cumulative MTX excretion in urine was 75%-98% of the administered amount of MTX, and the cumulative 7-OH-MTX excretion in the urine was 3%-15%. The theoretically required urinary flow (TRUF) was estimated as the minimum urine volume needed for complete resolution of MTX and its metabolites in urine. TRUF during MTX infusion from 0 to 6 h and from 6 to 12 h was correlated with the dosage of MTX, and these values were 0.1-1.8 ml/min/m2 at pH 7.0, 0.5-11.1 ml/min/m2 at pH 6.0, and 1.9-42.2 ml/min/m2 at pH 5.0 with dosages of 0.7 to 8.4 g/m2. The value of the theoretically required urinary flow is important to ensure adequate hydration and the optimum alkalinization schedule for massive MTX infusion.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗