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Biomedical subjects

T Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujimoto.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[End results and comparative analysis of treatment programs for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia].

The outcome of sixteen treatment programs for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia reported by cooperative study groups were reviewed and analysed. The rate of disease-free survival for 3 years or more ranged from 34% to 75%, depending on each clinical trial. Remission induction therapy always consists of at least vincristine (V) and prednisone (P). L-asparaginase or daunorubicin is generally added to VP therapy. The following central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis therapies were compared: craniospinal irradiation cranial irradiation (either 2400 rads or 1800 rads) plus intrathecal methotrexate, intrathecal drugs (either methotrexate alone or so-called triple therapy consisting of methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and hydrocortisone) and intermediate- or high-dose methotrexate plus intrathecal methotrexate. These therapies have reduced the incidence of CNS leukemia to less than 10%. The intensification phase was the most variable component of treatment. In order to obtain maximum leukemic cell killing early in treatment, a number of protocols are investigating the use of an intensive consolidation course. An early consolidation study by the Berlin-Munster-Frankfurt group in West Germany achieved successful results. However, intensive therapy for low-risk patients failed to improve the disease-free survival. Further studies will be needed to assess the effectiveness of prolonged intensification for patients having any of the prognostic risk features. The standard duration of therapy varies between 2 and 3 years, but the minimum duration of effective chemotherapy is still unknown. It should be clarified whether a more intensive chemotherapy, can facilitate a shorter duration of treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Direct morphological demonstration of the coexistence of vimentin and desmin in the same intermediate filaments of vascular smooth muscle cells.

The stable coexistence of the intermediate filament proteins desmin and vimentin in vascular smooth muscle cells raises questions about the relative amounts of the two proteins in different individual cells, and the distribution of the two proteins in individual intermediate filaments within each cell. These questions have been explored by double immunofluorescence microscopy and double immunoelectron microscopy on semi-thin and ultrathin frozen sections of chicken aorta. The former studies indicate that there is a surprisingly wide variation in the desmin/vimentin ratio in adjacent smooth muscle cells. The latter studies show that both proteins are present in individual intermediate filaments, in clustered arrays rather than uniformly distributed. These findings extend earlier related results, and suggest that the turnover of intermediate filaments may involve the remodelling of existing filaments rather than their de novo polymerization.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[A case of metastatic malignant melanoma mimicking pancreatic pseudocyst].

A 74-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of an abdominal mass. Abdominal US and ERCP disclosed a cyst in the pancreas, communicating with a crater in the stomach. Spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the stomach was considered. Laparotomy demonstrated an irregular black pancreatic cyst, and histological examination showed atypical spindle shaped cells with brown to black pigmentation, compatible with malignant melanoma. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma involving the pancreas, stomach and other organs. Efforts to elucidate the primary site were unsuccessful, Metastatic melanoma without a primary site is well known and has been reported to occur in from 2.4% to 8.7% of all cases. This case suggests that malignant melanoma must be considered in cases of tumors with various symptoms and multiple metastases without a definite primary site.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzoname in the pediatric field].

Newly developed cefuzoname (CZON) was tested in 21 children and serum and urinary concentration and urinary recovery rates were determined. To 9 cases, 3 groups of 3 cases each, CZON was given at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg one shot intravenously, and to 12 cases, 3 groups of 5, 3, 4 cases each, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg was drip-infused over 1 hour. To 1 case of purulent meningitis 55.6 mg/kg was given one shot intravenously and concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were measured. In 37 pediatric patients comprising 1 with tonsillitis, 24 with pneumonia, 1 with purulent meningitis and bacteremia, 7 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, purulent lymphadenitis, periarthritis of jaw joint, maxillary sinusitis and orbital abscess, CZON was tried at 21.6 mg/kg (mean) per dose, 3 or 4 doses daily, one shot intravenously, for 7 days (mean). The clinical efficacy and antibacterial effectiveness were investigated. Also, the side effects were investigated and clinical laboratory tests done in the 37 pediatric cases plus 6 cases in which CZON was used but which were excluded from the efficacy analysis because they did not involve infections. The following is a summary of the results: 1. To 3 groups of 3 children each, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of CZON was given one shot intravenously. In each case the maximum serum concentration was observed at 5 min. after injection, and mean values of 3 groups with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg dosing were 57.1, 147.2 and 316.7 mcg/ml respectively, indicating a dose-dependent response among the 3 groups. Mean half-lives were 0.83, 1.10 and 0.79 hours for 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg groups, respectively. The 10 mg/kg and the 40 mg/kg groups showed similar half-lives but the half-life of the 20 mg/kg group was a little longer than those of the other 2. 2. CZON was drip-infused over 1 hour to a total of 12 children divided into 3 groups of 5, 3 and 4 children at dose levels of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in children and neonates].

To evaluate pharmacokinetics of amikacin (AMK), one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, children with ages from 2 days to 11 years were treated with various doses by various administration routes, and both plasma and urinary levels of AMK were determined. The following is a summary of the results obtained: 1. Of 6 children, three were treated with 2.0 mg/kg of AMK by a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, and the other 3 with 4.0 mg/kg by a 60-minute. Peaks of average plasma levels were observed at the ends of the infusions in both cases, and their levels were 9.23 and 13.67 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing a dose-dependency. Both half-lives and areas under plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) were similar to those of adults. However, the volume of distribution (Vd) showed a lower value than that of adults. Peaks of average urine levels were 149.3 micrograms/ml with 2.0 mg/kg in 0-2 hours after the start of the infusion and 223.3 micrograms/ml with 4.0 mg/kg in 2-4 hours. Average urinary recovery rates within 6 hours after the start of the infusion were 95.4% with 2.0 mg/kg and 85.7% with 4.0 mg/kg. These recoveries were equal to or higher than that of adults. 2. When 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg of AMK were administered to 3 groups of mature or premature babies by intramuscular injection, average peak levels of AMK in plasma were 6.26, 8.61 and 12.60 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 30 minutes after the injection, showing dose-dependency. In these groups, the younger the day age after birth was, the longer the half-life became. The AUCs were larger as the half-life became longer. The Vd was larger than that in the intravenous drip infusion group, but, any particular was not observed. Average peak levels of AMK in urine were 78.83 micrograms/ml at 4-6 hours with a dose level of 3.0 mg/kg, 99.17 micrograms/ml at 2-4 hours with 4.0 mg/kg and 139.20 micrograms/ml at 0-2 hours with 6.0 mg/kg. Average urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 36.57% with 3.0 mg/kg, 34.67% with 4.0 mg/kg and 43.77% with 6.0 mg/kg. These recovery rates were markedly lower than those observed in adults and children. One of the causes of this low recovery is that mature and premature babies have immature renal functions. 3. When 3.0 mg/kg of AMK was administered to three premature babies by a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, the average peak plasma levels was 7.61 micrograms/ml at the end of the drip infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amikacin↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of norfloxacin on bacterial flora in human feces].

Norfloxacin (NFLX), a synthetic oral antibacterial agent of quinolone carboxylic acid, was given orally for 5 full days at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily after each meal to healthy normal men with ages between 22 and 25 years weighing 53.0 to 84.0 kg (average 67.0 kg). The actual regimen followed was that the drug was administered twice after lunch and supper on the first day of dosing, and once after breakfast on the last day of dosing. On the 5th day before the start of dosing, on the first, 3rd and 5th days (last dosing day) of dosing, and on the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th days after the end of dosing, effects of the drug on the fecal flora were examined and its fecal levels were determined. Susceptibilities against NFLX and nalidixic acid (NA) of various fecal isolates from 7 men were determined. Adverse effects and influences on clinical laboratory tests were also examined. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Following the drug administration, a transient decrease or disappearance of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobacter sp. of Enterobacteriaceae was noted. The 3 strains other than E. coli were isolated from increasing number of cases after the end of dosing. No constant trend was observed in the isolation of Proteus sp. Organisms belong to Enterobacteriaceae were isolated only in 4 and 2 cases after 3 and 5 days of the start of dosing, respectively, but then gradually increased to the predose level. Among other Gram-negative bacteria, no constant trend was noted in the isolation frequency of Plesiomonas sp. Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from 6 and 5 cases on the 3rd day after dosing and on the 3rd day after the end of dosing, respectively; the frequency of isolation increased after dosing. Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. were isolated with a reduced frequency on the 3rd day of dosing. However, the number of isolates increased in all cases both on the 5th day of dosing and on the 3rd day after the end of dosing, and then decreased. No change was noticed in the number of isolates of Enterococcus sp., and no constant trend was observed for Micrococcus sp. and YLO. The average count of the whole aerobic bacteria did not change. Some strains decreased significantly after the start of dosing. 2. Among anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides were isolated on every test day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Biological characteristics and prognosis of childhood malignant lymphoma].

The biological characteristics and prognosis of childhood malignant lymphoma were reviewed. A national survey of 568 cases of childhood malignant lymphoma in Japan revealed that 505 cases (88.9%) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 63 cases (11.1%) were Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The biological characteristics of NHL in Japan were a male predominance, an average age of 7.8 years, and frequent occurrence in the head and neck (38.2%). Histopathologically, only 3.2% of NHL was nodular type and 96.8% was diffuse type (lymphoblastic 28.4%, histiocytic 19.5%, medium-size cell 18.6%, Burkitt's 14.6%, and miscellaneous 15.8%.) The characteristics of the 63 cases of HL were a male predominance, an average age of 9.3 years, 73% of primary lesions in the cervical nodes, and 46.6% of mixed cellularity type. The survival rate at 7 years estimated by the Kaplan -Meier method was 41.1% for patients with NHL, and 84.9% for patients with HL. Leukemic conversion and CNS involvement occurred in 27.9% and 22.9% of patients with NHL, respectively. The current multi-institutional treatment study for NHL conducted by the Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) has improved the prognosis of childhood NHL to an 84.6% induction rate with initial therapy and a relapse-free survival rate of 55.6% at four years. The most important principle for the management of childhood malignant lymphoma is the recognition of the systemic nature of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Balanced and unbalanced 1;19 translocation-associated acute lymphoblastic leukemias.

The authors studied clinical and immunologic characteristics of six children with 1;19 translocation-associated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); two of the six had the balanced type, t(1;19)(q23;p13), three had the unbalanced type, -19,+der(19)t(1;19)(q23;p13) with a resultant partial 1q trisomy, and the other had a mosaicism of cells with the balanced type and those with the unbalanced one, t(1;19)/-19,+der(19)t(1;19). Leukemic cells of all three patients, in which intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin was determined, were proved to show pre-B phenotype. Of the six patients, three had an initial leukocyte count of greater than 50 X 10(9)/l, and were classified in the high-risk group. Three patients relapsed after a brief remission and died. The mosaicism observed suggested that at least in some patients the leukemic cells with -19,+der(19)t(1;19) might derive from those with t(1;19) as a step in the course of clonal evolution. Our data and a review of the literature indicate that there may be no differences in the clinical and immunologic characteristics between the patients with the balanced translocation and those with the unbalanced one, and that the leukemia with the 1;19 translocation may join with other translocation-associated ALLs, with which the patients are known to have poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Attraction of chick primordial germ cells by gonadal anlage in vitro.

The attraction of primordial germ cells (PGCs) by the gonadal anlage (germinal ridge; GR) in vitro has been demonstrated in the chick. PGCs were isolated from circulating blood of stage 13 embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), placed between the GR and other embryonic tissues (neural tube, heart, allantois, liver) as controls separated by a distance of 170 microns on collagen-coated substrate, and cultured with modified medium 199 (Kuwana and Fujimoto, Anat. Rec., 209:337-343, 1984) containing 10% fetal calf serum (pH 7.3). The behavior of PGCs was observed for 3 hr by 16-mm time-lapse microcinematography. PGCs showed directional movement toward GR. Also, there was a stronger attractive effect on the PGCs by GR from stage 13 embryos than by GR from later stage embryos. These results suggest that PGCs are attracted by some factor emitted from GR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Flow cytometric analysis of marrow cell kinetics in children treated with high-dose MTX and CF rescue.

Normal marrow cell kinetics were studied by flow cytometry with computer analysis in 11 children with malignancies who received high-dose MTX followed by CF rescue. Nine children with hematological tumors in remission each received an infusion of MTX over 24 h, followed by delayed CF rescue. In 8 of the 9, an accumulation of cells in early to mid-S phase and a decrease of cells in G2/M phase were observed at 24-48 h after the beginning of the MTX infusion. At 144 h after MTX infusion this kinetic perturbation disappeared and the DNA histogram returned to the same state as before therapy. Two children who had malignant bone tumors without marrow infiltration each received an infusion of MTX over 6 h with early CF rescue following an initial IV injection of vincristine. They did not have any prominent perturbation of marrow cell kinetics after MTX exposure, except for a transient increase of cells in G2/M phase. These results confirm that with the high-dose MTX therapy described above for hematological malignancies the impairment of marrow cell kinetics was much more severe and was soon followed by complete recovery, whereas with the therapy for solid tumors the impairment was much slighter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical studies of endothelial cells in vivo. I. The presence of desmin only, or of desmin plus vimentin, or vimentin only, in the endothelial cells of different capillaries of the adult chicken.

It is currently believed that the intermediate filaments of endothelial cells contain vimentin subunits exclusively. This inference, however, is derived from studies of only a few types of endothelial cells. By double indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we have now examined the endothelial cells of the micro- and macrovasculature of a variety of tissues and organs of adult chicken in vivo for their content of desmin and vimentin. Endothelial cells of the peritubular capillary in the renal cortex, the hepatic sinusoid, and the splenic sinusoid were found to contain only desmin; those of the exocrine pancreas capillary contained both desmin and vimentin; and the endothelial cells of the macrovasculatures and of all the other microvasculatures examined, including the vasa recta of the renal medulla, contained only vimentin. Such heterogeneity suggests that different types of adult chicken endothelial cells may have different embryological origins. To the extent that desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments may be functionally distinct, these results also suggest that different capillary endothelial cells may have different functional properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve with septic coronary embolism and myocardial infarction in a 4-month old baby.

A 4-month old baby, who developed infective endocarditis of the aortic valve following purulent arthritis of the hip joint, is presented. The baby developed signs of myocardial infarction and died suddenly at the age of 6 months. Autopsy revealed a localized healed coronary arteritis, almost certainly due to an infected embolus, as the underlying cause.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1986

Systemic amyloidosis terminating in cardiac insufficiency.

An autopsy case of systemic amyloidosis is presented. The patient, a 57-year-old male, died of congestive heart failure. Autopsy revealed systemic amyloidosis which involved the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, tongue, prostate, rectum, and small blood vessels of various organs. In the heart, amyloid deposited diffusely in the myocardium, subendocardial tissue, and blood vessel walls. A lot of vacuolated cardiac muscle fibers were noted. Electron microscopic examination of the myocardium revealed that amyloid fibrils surrounded most of the cardiac muscle fibers in the very close vicinity of their basement membranes. Fashion of the amyloid deposition throughout various organs and the mechanism of heart failure are discussed.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of DQ-2556, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was compared with that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime. The activity of DQ-2556 against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae was roughly comparable to that of cefotaxime. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DQ-2556 was slightly less active than ceftazidime. DQ-2556 was more active than the reference cephalosporins against staphylococci. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were also highly susceptible to DQ-2556.

Bacteria↗