Temporal relaxation of excited-level populations of atoms and ions in a plasma: Validity range of the quasi-steady-state solution of coupled rate equations.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Fujimoto
Publications and source records attributed to T Fujimoto.
Risks of antipyretics in young children with fever due to infectious disease.
The objective of this study was to determine whether paracetamol (acetaminophen) affects the outcome of children with fever due to bacterial infectious disease. A total of 208 outpatients aged 6 months to 15 years with pyrexia due to bacterial infection who had been examined at the Fujimoto Children's Hospital from March 1992 to May 1992. The number of antipyretic doses of paracetamol (10 mg/kg) a day received within 3 days of illness in the patients with acute fever (> or = 38 degrees C) was investigated. In this study, the patients were divided into two groups: (i) the pneumonia group, which consisted of 101 patients who were subsequently diagnosed as having pneumonia during their illness and (ii) the control group, which consisted of 107 patients who were subsequently diagnosed as having illness with fever that did not progress to pneumonia. The mean number of daily doses was significantly higher for the pneumonia group (2.52 +/- 0.80) than for the control group (1.37 +/- 0.72, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the pneumonia group and the control group in body temperature during acute fever (38.7 +/- 0.65 vs 38.8 +/- 0.54 degrees C). The data suggest that frequent administration of antipyretics to children with infectious disease may lead to a worsening of their illness.
Acetaminophen↗
Case report: ciliated foregut cyst of the pancreas mimicking teratomatous tumour.
A ciliated cyst of foregut origin is often found in relation to the tracheobronchial tree and the upper gastrointestinal tract, when it is called bronchogenic cyst and enterogenous cyst, respectively. Cysts of this type rarely occur in the pancreas. We report a case of ciliated foregut cyst involving the pancreas, and mimicking teratomatous tumour on radiology.
Adult↗
[Mechanism of neoglottic adjustment for voice variation in tracheoesophageal speech].
Over the past 17 years, we have been performing tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulization for voice restoration following total laryngectomy. The purpose of this technique is to divert the exhaled air through the TE fistula into the hypopharynx where the inferior constrictor muscle forms the retropharyngeal prominence on which the neoglottis is located. It is generally accepted that both pulmonary power and laryngeal adjustment control voice frequency and intensity change in laryngeal phonation. Regularity at various pitches and voice intensities was seen in TE phonation, despite laryngeal adjustment being lost. Regular voice production with various pitches and intensities requires a regulatory mechanism for both pulmonary power and the neoglottis. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of neoglottic adjustment in TE phonation. Ten speakers with TE fistula were subjected to aerodynamic and electrophysiological investigations. Tracheal pressure, fundamental frequency, intensity, and airflow rate were measured for easy phonation, a high-pitched voice, and a loud voice. Resistance and efficiency of the neoglottis were calculated from the data obtained. Electromyograms of the inferior constrictor muscle and tracheal pressure were simultaneously recorded when the pitch or intensity of the voice increased. Six of the ten subjects examined were able to produce a high-pitched voice. Tracheal pressure increased in all six, the airflow rate in four, and neoglottal resistance in five, as compared with the data obtained during easy phonation. Nine of the ten subjects examined were able to produce a loud voice. In all nine, both tracheal pressure and the airflow rate increased as compared with the values measured during easy phonation. Neoglottal resistance had no definite pattern in relation to voice intensity changes. Electrophysiological study demonstrated that the activity of the inferior constrictor muscle increased as tracheal pressure increased so as to raise the pitch or increase the intensity of the voice. These results indicate that the adjustment of neoglottic closure and stiffness produced by the inferior constrictor muscle has the role of varying the frequency or intensity of the voice.
Aged↗
[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naso-sinus tumors].
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has been developed as a new application of nuclear magnetic resonance. By means of MRS, internal chemical information can be non-invasively measured. In this study, the 31P MRS of naso-sinus tumors was measured and evaluated. The peaks of 31P MRS, such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Creatine phosphate (PCr), Phosphodiester (PME), Inorganic phosphate (Pi), and Phosphomonoester (PME) can be identified. Phosphomonoesters (PME) are precursors of membrane phospholipids. Phosphodiesters (PDE) are metabolites of phospholipids. Compared with benign tumors, the 31P MRS of malignant tumors shows a higher PME peak and lower PDE and PCr peaks. These results indicate that malignant tumors are characterized by chemical changes in membrane metabolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
[Diverticular disease and diverticulitis of the colon].
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Aged↗
[Intramural hematoma of the small intestine].
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Hematoma↗
[Diverticular disease and diverticulitis of the colon].
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Diverticulum, Colon↗
[Intramural hematoma of the small intestine].
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Adolescent↗
Expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein V in human megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic cell lines: a study using a novel monoclonal antibody against GPV.
Glycoprotein V (GPV) is a platelet membrane protein with a molecular weight of 82 kD, and one of the leucine rich glycoproteins (LRG). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GPV cDNA was amplified from mRNA of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. However, since there are few reports indicating whether GPV protein is expressed in megakaryocytes as a lineage and maturation specific protein, we studied the GPV expression at the protein level by using a novel monoclonal antibody (1D9) recognizing GPV. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPV was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of only the megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates. In a megakaryocytic cell line UT-7, GPV antigen increased after treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). These data indicate that only megakaryocytes specifically express the GPV protein among hematopoietic cells and that the expression of GPV increases with differentiation of the megakaryocyte as GPIb-IX complex.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Microwave tumor coagulation (MTC) in liver tumor: indication and percutaneous approach].
Indications for microwave tumor coagulation (MTC) and percutaneous approach in liver tumor were investigated. The study population comprised 26 patients with unresectable liver tumor (4 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 22 with metastatic liver tumor) who underwent MTC at our department after April 1990. Concomitant therapies were alcohol injection in 2 patients, hepatectomy in 12 and selective arterial chemotherapy in 20. Percutaneous MTC was performed on 2 patients with a single lesion under general anesthesia. Following tip coagulation electrode penetration under echo guidance, the lesion was thermally coagulated at 60W. To establish indications for MTC by the effect of thermal coagulation, survival periods were compared by underlying disease, number of masses coagulated, and maximum tumor size, in 23 patients who had undergone MTC at least 1 year previously. Thirteen of these 23 survived for 1 year or longer, including all 3 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 with breast cancer, 2 with leiomyosarcoma (gastric, small intestine), 4 of the 10 with colon cancer and 1 of the 2 with pancreatic cancer. According to evaluation of the degree of coagulation, complete coagulation was obtained in 11 of 23, all of whom had at most 6 tumor masses (of up to 3 cm in diameter) coagulated, and 9 of whom survived for 1 year or longer. Percutaneous MTC, of low invasiveness, proved useful as a tool of regional cancer therapy.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Precise diagnosis by gene analysis and successful management of delivery in three patients with type IIB von Willebrand disease.
Type IIB is a rare variant of von Willebrand disease (vWD). An affected individual's bleeding tendency and thrombocytopenia are exacerbated with pregnancy, and the proper management of these patients during delivery has not been well established. Since it is important to distinguish this disease from the platelet type vWD in order to administer the appropriate therapy, gene analysis is necessary to make the precise diagnosis. We now report the successful management of delivery in three patients, who were diagnosed as having type IIB vWD by the detection of missense mutations in the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene (C3916-->T and C3922-->T). These changes cause Arg543-->Trp and Arg545-->Cys substitutions in the A1 domain of vWF. We were able to manage the bleeding tendency of these patients at delivery mainly with vWF concentrates to supply normal vWF.
Adult↗
CD4+ CD8+ granular lymphocytic leukemia arising in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.
A 59-year-old woman who had an 8-year history of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed granular lymphocytic leukemia (GLL). She had a small number of granular lymphocytes (GL) in her bone marrow (BM) at the onset of AML. The GL increased during complete remission (CR) of AML, but not at the relapse. During the third CR state of AML, GL increased to 4.0 x 10(9)/l in the peripheral blood (PB). The GL were T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ T cells and expressed both CD4 and CD8 antigens. Rearrangements of TCR beta and gamma chain genes were detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), confirming that this patient had GLL. The PBMNC from the patient responded weakly to PHA or ConA, yet they responded to her own bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) or CD4-depleted BMMNC that contained AML cells stronger than her own PBMNC or normal PBMNC. These observations suggest that monoclonal proliferation of GL developed after the reactive proliferation of GL in response to AML cells.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
Improvement in treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a 10-year study by the Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.
The Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) has conducted, since 1981, a series of protocols for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood. In a randomized control study of the 811 protocol (1981-1983) for standard-risk ALL, an intermittent cyclic regimen of an intermediate-dose of methotrexate (MTX) plus 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) showed significant superiority for maintenance chemotherapy as compared with conventional continuous administration of a low dose of the two drugs. The event-free survival (EFS) rate at 10 years was 65.4% for the intermittent cyclic regimen, while the EFS rate of continuous regimen was 36.1% (P < 0.01). The intermittent cyclic regimen may also be effective in preventing extramedullary relapses. In the 841 protocol (1984-1987), the three-drug induction therapy consisting of vincristine (VCR), prednisone (PDN) and L-asparaginase (L-ASP) improved the EFS rate (94.1% at 8 years) as compared with the two-drug therapy consisting of VCR and PDN (64.1%, P < 0.05). In the 874 protocol (1987-1990) two regimens with or without cranial irradiation for standard-risk patients were compared with respect to their ability to prevent central nervous system (CNS) leukemia and to improve overall outcome of ALL. The regimen with cranial irradiation showed a 79.9% EFS rate at 5 years, whereas the regimen without cranial irradiation demonstrated a 69.1% EFS rate (not significantly). Life-table analysis of serial CCLSG protocols for ALL in which the cyclic administration of intermediate-dose MTX plus 6MP has been standardized as maintenance therapy revealed that the outcome of allover ALL has gradually improved with increase of the EFS rate; 41.4% for the 811 protocol, 51.4% for the 841 protocol to 54.4% for the more recent 874 protocol.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Detection of minimal residual disease using clonospecific primers for CDRIII in patients with acute B lymphocytic leukemia with or without Philadelphia chromosome: possibility of clinical application as a tool for improving prognosis.
We attempted to identify the minimal residual leukemic clone as related to the clinical course in patients with acute B lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL). DNA was extracted from stored bone marrow slides, and the third complementarity determining region (CDRIII) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers with consensus sequences for VH and JH. After amplification of the CDRIII band, the DNA fragment of CDRIII was inserted into the cloning vector PUC118. After cloning, the DNA sequences for CDRIII were determined. Clonospecific DNA sequences in CDRIII were selected, and clonospecific primers for each patient were synthesized. Using the clonospecific primers, we carried out second-round PCR to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) during several stages of the clinical course. Basically, the sensitivity of detection for MRD was between 10(-4) and 10(-5) cells. Even when leukemic cells were not detected in the morphologic study, with this detection system, the MRD was identified as an amplified CDRIII band stained with ethidium bromide on agarose gel. After bone marrow transplantation (BMT), MRD was detected for at least 4 months. In this article, we discuss the difference in sensitivity of detection for MRD between the BCR-ABL fusion gene and CDRIII in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) B-ALL, as well as the possible clinical application of this method to predict relapse and prognosis.
Adolescent↗
Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives.
The National Survey of Households and Families was used to test competing explanations of how the distribution of housework and paid work among couples affects depressive symptomatology. Considerations of equity predict that the fair distribution of labor across spouses will alleviate depression, while role theory predicts that the performance of multiple, engaging roles will inhibit depression, irrespective of equity across spouses. Results confirm that paid employment is associated with reduced depression among both husbands and wives until work hours exceed an upper threshold. However, time spent in housework is universally associated with increased depression, no matter what other role constellations exist. Little evidence supports the notion that equity in the division of labor (either paid or unpaid) inhibits depression, but perceptions of equity are significantly associated with lower levels of depression. In particular, husbands are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of paid work, while wives are strongly affected by perceived equity in the performance of housework.
Adult↗
[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for far-advanced gastric carcinoma].
Far-advanced gastric carcinoma of the stomach remains a lethal disease, showing a particularly poor prognosis in the patients with linitis plastica type. Considering the high potential for biological malignancies, we attempted preoperative induction (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy against far-advanced cancer associated with distant metastases. Anticancer drugs used in this study were FAM or sequential MTX/5-FU. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was carried out on 24 patients prior to surgery. The response to chemotherapy showed shrinking of massive nodal involvement in 50% (5/10) and complete disappearance of malignant ascites in 87.5% (7/8). The morphological improvement of primary gastric lesions was obtained in 9 out of 24 cases (37.5%). In 15 cases (68.2%) total gastrectomy was done with extended lymph node dissection. In one of 9 cases showing marked improvement, no viable cancer cells were seen in whole stomach associated with multiple foci of granulomatous lesions of regional nodes after 3 cycles of MTX/5-FU. Disease-free survival of neoadjuvant group showed a significant prolongation of its median survival of 14 months, compared to that of 4-6 months in the surgery alone group. Our result leads to the conclusion that the patients whose tumor was effectively destroyed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a good prognosis.
Adult↗
[Empty sella as an intrasellar herniation of the third ventricle secondary to spontaneous degeneration of a prolactinoma].
A case of a large empty sella was reported, which was intrasellar herniation of the third ventricle associated with a prolactinoma. The patient was a 46-year-old female admitted due to consciousness disturbance with pyrexia and vomiting. She had amenorrhea, galactorrhea and sterility in her past history. On admission, physical and neurological examinations revealed severe dehydration, systemic edema, systemic hypotension, nuchal rigidity, papilloedema and goiter. A spinal tap was performed and revealed an increase in CSF pressure. Laboratory data indicated CSF lymphocytosis, an increase in CSF protein content, high titers of serum microsome test, a low concentration of anterior pituitary hormones in serum except for PRL, and an unusually high concentration of PRL in serum and CSF (4680 and 222ng/ml, respectively). Plain films of the skull showed destructive enlargement of the sella turcica. The patient was diagnosed as having non-bacterial meningitis, chronic thyroiditis and a prolactinoma with hypopituitarism and was then admitted to our department. Except for amenorrhea she was asymptomatic under the administration of levothyroxine, hydrocortisone and bromocriptine. CT scan, MRI, pneumoencephalography and CT cisternography as further examinations disclosed the intrasellar herniation of cisterns and the third ventricle, which were surrounded by an intrasellar parenchymal layer. This layer was thought to be still viable prolactinoma tissue. We supposed the third ventricle entered the enlarged sellar cavity following the spontaneous degeneration of the large prolactinoma. Although we could find some documented reports of similar cases, the complete herniation of the third ventricle secondary to degeneration of an adenoma might be rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cerebral Ventricles↗