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Biomedical subjects

T Fujieda

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujieda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Purification and properties of extracellular chitinases from the parasitic fungus Isaria japonica.

Two chitinases (P-1 and P-2) induced with colloidal chitin were purified from the culture supernatant of Isaria japonica by chromatography on DEAE Bio-Gel, chromatofocusing and gel filtration with Superdex 75 pg. The enzymes were electrophoretically homogeneous and estimated to have a molecular mass of 43,273 (+/-5) for P-1 and 31,134 (+/-6) for P-2 by MALDI-MS. The optimum pH and temperature was 3.5-4.0 and 50 degrees C for P-1 and 4.0-4.5 and 40 degrees C for P-2. P-1 acted against chitosan 7B (degree of deacetylation, 65-74%) = glycol chitin > colloidal chitin = chitosan 10B (degree of deacetylation, above 99%) and P-2 against chitosan 7B > glycol chitin = chitosan 10B > colloidal chitin in order of activity. The products of hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan hexamer were analyzed by MALDI-MS. The products from the chitin hexamer obtained with P-1 were almost all dimers with only a small amount of trimer whereas those obtained with P-2 were mainly trimers with some dimer and tetramer. No hydrolysis of chitosan hexamer was observed. High homology in the amino-terminal sequence for chitinase P-1 was exhibited by chitinases from Trichoderma harzianum, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the range of 48-39%. The highest homology for Chitinase P-2 was shown by an endochitinase from Metarhizium anisopliae of 66%, while 44% homology was exhibited by chitinases of Leguminosae plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Influence of abomasal infusion of high levels of lysine or methionine, or both, on ruminal fermentation, eating behavior, and performance of lactating dairy cows.

Four multiparous late-lactation Holstein cows were fed a basal ration designed to be co-limiting in intestinally absorbable supplies of methionine and lysine. Cows were supplemented with no amino acids, lysine by abomasal infusion to 140% of the calculated intestinally absorbable requirement, methionine by abomasal infusion to 140% of requirement, or both amino acids in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Unsupplemented cows consumed 23.8 kg/d of dry matter and produced 36.9 kg/d of milk containing 3.70% fat, 3.22% protein, and 4.82% lactose. Cows ate less dry matter and produced less milk and milk lactose, and tended (P = .06 or .08) to produce less milk protein when abomasally infused with methionine alone or together with lysine. Infusion of lysine alone resulted in production values numerically between those of unsupplemented cows and those cows supplemented with methionine alone or together with lysine. Evaluation of the results with two metabolic models of dairy cows indicated that performance of unsupplemented cows may have been limited by delivery of metabolizable or digestible protein, or intestinally absorbable lysine, isoleucine, or histidine, depending on the metabolic model used to evaluate animal performance. Regardless, results are consistent with those using nonruminant species, which have shown that imbalanced profiles of intestinally absorbable amino acids are associated with reduced dry matter intake and animal performance. Results also show that negative effects on performance of lactating dairy cows can occur if methionine is supplied at levels substantially in excess of calculated intestinally absorbable requirements, either alone or together with lysine.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1999

Influence of postruminal supplementation of methionine and lysine, isoleucine, or all three amino acids on intake and chewing behavior, ruminal fermentation, and milk and milk component production.

Four multiparous Holstein cows were fed a basal diet balanced with the Cornell Net Protein and Carbohydrate System (CNCPS). Diets were formulated to be co-limiting in intestinally absorbable supplies of methionine, lysine, and isoleucine. Cows were supplemented with no amino acids (control); lysine and methionine in a ruminally protected form; isoleucine by abomasal infusion; or lysine, methionine, and isoleucine in a 4x4 Latin square arrangement of treatments with 28-d periods. Performance of cows on all treatments was lower than expected due to low intake of DM that could have been caused by the high fiber level of the basal diet. This high fiber level was likely responsible for the high daily chewing times for cows fed all diets, which was consistent with the high ruminal pH values. Intake of DM and its components were not influenced by any treatment. Milk protein percentage tended to be higher when cows were fed diets supplemented with ruminally protected lysine and methionine; however, production of milk, milk fat, and milk lactose were not affected by any treatment. Cows tended to have a higher milk lactose proportion and tended to produce more milk and milk lactose when they were abomasally infused with isoleucine alone. However, when cows were supplemented with all three amino acids, milk production and composition did not differ from that of cows fed the unsupplemented diet. Use of the CNCPS to evaluate the performance of the cows fed the unsupplemented diet suggested that these cows may have been colimited by intestinally absorbable supplies of lysine, isoleucine, and methionine in addition to metabolizable protein. Evaluation of the unsupplemented diet with an alternate model, Shield, suggested that cows fed the unsupplemented diet may have been colimited by intestinally absorbable supplies of lysine, isoleucine, and arginine. Results suggest that enhanced delivery of intestinally absorbable isoleucine may stimulate milk lactose synthesis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

The effect of ruminal bypass lysine and methionine on milk yield and composition of lactating cows.

Fifty-six multiparous Holstein cows were assigned at 3 wk prepartum to rations based on grass silage with 1) corn distillers grains to provide 86 and 90% of estimated required metabolizable Lys and Met, respectively; 2) a blend of blood meal, fish meal, and meat and bone meal as amino acid (AA) sources to provide 112 and 103% of required metabolizable Lys and Met, respectively; 3) ruminally protected Lys and Met added as a top-dressing to ration 1 to provide 27 g/d of Lys and 8 g/d of Met as available AA at the duodenum postpartum; and 4) ruminally protected AA for 8 wk postpartum as a top-dressing to ration 1 to provide 40 g/d of Lys and 13 g/d of Met as available AA at the duodenum. Cows fed rations 3 and 4 were offered 13.5 g/d of duodenally available Lys and 4 g/d of duodenally available Met for 3 wk prepartum. The total length of the study was 43 wk. Cows fed ration 4 consumed 3 to 4 kg more dry matter than did cows fed the other three rations, and milk yield and the percentage of milk protein and fat were significantly increased during the first 8 wk of lactation. In early lactation, cows fed ration 3 had a greater milk fat percentage but similar dry matter intake, protein percentage, and yield of 4% fat-corrected milk compared with cows fed ration 2. The concentrations of blood serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acids were lower for cows fed ration 4 during the first 8 wk of lactation than they were for cows fed the other three rations. The mammary arteriovenous difference of whole blood AA indicated that Met along with His and Arg may be the most limiting AA for milk yield.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Ruminally protected lysine or lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows fed a ration designed to meet requirements for microbial and postruminal protein.

The purpose of this study was to separate the effects of ruminally protected Lys from effects of ruminally protected Met on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a ration calculated to be first-limiting in intestinally delivered Lys and second-limiting in intestinally delivered Met. Thirty multiparous Holstein cows were examined in a 20-wk study that started on wk 5 postpartum. Rations contained timothy silage, corn silage, barley, corn, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal. Treatments were 1) no supplemental amino acids, 2) 21 g/d of intestinally available Lys, and 3) 22 g/d of intestinally available Lys and 6 g/d of intestinally available Met. Post-experimental calculations suggested that, in contrast to the objective, the unsupplemented ration was colimiting in intestinally available His (0.96 of requirement), followed by Lys (1.00), digestible ruminally undegraded protein (1.01), Ile (1.03), Arg (1.04), Val (1.10), and Met (1.14). In this context, the virtually identical performance of cows fed the unsupplemented ration and cows fed the ration supplemented with ruminally protected Lys demonstrated that dairy cows did not respond to enhanced intestinal supplies of Lys when Lys was not calculated to be the first-limiting nutrient. In contrast, for cows fed rations supplemented with both ruminally protected Lys and ruminally protected Met, the production of both milk protein (40 g/d) and fat (40 g/d) was numerically increased to an extent that was consistent with earlier reported studies, although calculations did not indicate that performance was limited by intestinal supplies of Lys or Met. This result, which may be disputed because of a lack of statistical significance, suggests that Met, apparently unlike Lys, may enhance the production of milk components beyond an enhancement expected because of its role as a limiting amino acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

H-aggregation of Methyl Orange at the Interface between the Water Phase and Oil Phase in a Water-in-Oil Microemulsion

Methyl orange dissolved in a water-in-oil microemulsion was examined by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Methyl orange showed two temperature-dependent peaks at 416 and 354 nm in the microemulsion. The former was attributed to a methyl orange monomer, and the latter to aggregates of the dye in the parallel orientation (H-aggregates) at the interface between the water phase and the oil phase in the microemulsion. The position of methyl orange in the microemulsion was verified by DSC analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Ruminally protected lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows fed a diet designed to meet requirements for microbial and postruminal protein.

Dairy cows, 20 at each of two sites, were used to determine responses to ruminally protected Lys and Met in a full lactation study. Cows were fed corn silage twice daily for ad libitum intake and a concentrate four times daily in proportion to milk production. At Truro, cows were fed 2.7 kg/d of alfalfa and timothy hay DM at 0600 and at 1500 h. At Fredericton, cows were fed 2.7 kg of timothy silage DM at 0600 h and 2.7 kg of alfalfa hay DM at 1500 h. Diets were designed to meet, but not to exceed, recommendations for ruminally degradable CP and intestinally digestible protein. Ten cows at each site were fed ruminally protected L-Lys.HCl (19 g/d) and DL-Met (6.5 g/d). Cows fed AA at each site produced more milk, lactose, protein, and fat; milk protein and fat percentages were also higher. No time x treatment interactions occurred for any production parameter. In spite of similar production responses between sites, cows fed AA consumed more DM at Truro, but those at Fredericton did not. Thus, gross efficiency of utilization of dietary N for milk N was increased with AA at Fredericton but not at Truro. However, considering the increased intake of CP by cows fed AA at Truro, an event that would have been expected to depress efficiency of utilization of dietary N, the lack of difference at Truro between treatments can be interpreted as an improvement, relative to expectations, because of AA feeding. High producing dairy cows fed a diet that was adequate in CP responded to ruminally protected Lys and Met primarily with increased production of milk protein and fat throughout the full lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polymyositis associated with dissecting aneurysm of arteries and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Dissecting aneurysm and stroke are a rare complication of polymyositis. The present report describes an autopsy case of a 53-year-old woman, who suffered from polymyositis accompanied by dissecting aneurysms of right external iliac and right renal arteries, and furthermore, intracerebral hemorrhage. The latter was caused by necrotizing angiitis. The patient had no abnormal anatomical changes such as coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve or Marfan's syndrome. Atherosclerosis in the patient was mild, and cystic medial necrosis of aorta and arteries was not found. Since the patient was attacked by dissections of arteries following long-term steroid therapy, a possibility can be raised that arterial dissection was attributable to steroid treatment besides necrotizing angiitis complicating in polymyositis.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1985

Sulfate esters of hydroxymethyl-methyl-benz[a]anthracenes as active metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

7-Hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-HMBA) and 12-hydroxymethyl-7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (12-HMBA), carcinogenic major metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in untreated rat liver, showed high mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 after preincubation with a sulfotransferase-PAPS system consisting of ATP, sodium sulfate, and a post-mitochondrial fraction (S-9) or a soluble supernatant fraction (S-105) from untreated rat liver. The 7- and 12-HMBAs themselves induced His+ mutation in TA 98 only slightly after preincubation with S-9 in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Mutagenicity of DMBA toward TA 98 after preincubation with S-9 in the presence of the NADPH-generating system was remarkably enhanced by the addition of ATP and sodium sulfate. The active metabolites, 7-HMBA sulfate and 12-HMBA sulfate, were isolated from these preincubation systems and identified by comparison with the corresponding synthetic specimens. The sulfuric acid ester conjugates were potent mutagens toward TA 98 in the absence of rat liver subcellular fractions. The conjugates bound covalently at significant rates to calf-thymus DNA as well as to S-105 proteins at 37 degrees and pH 7.4 through the 7- or 12-methylene carbon with concomitant loss of their sulfate group. In the presence of S-105, glutathione inhibited the mutagenicity of the metabolically formed or exogenously added 7- and 12-HMBA sulfates. The non-mutagenic glutathione conjugates were isolated from the incubation mixtures and identified as S-(12-methylbenz[a]anthracen-7-yl)methylglutathione from 7-HMBA or its sulfate and S-(7-methylbenz[a]anthracen-12-yl)methylglutathione from 12-HMBA or its sulfate.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscopic studies on the cerebral lesions of rats in experimental chronic disulfiram poisoning.

Following chronic administration of disulfiram to rats, changes of the brain were examined electron-microscopically. Pathological findings were observed in the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus at later stage and synaptic changes in the hypothalamus from initial stage. On the other hand, changes of myelinated fibers, neuroglias and capillaries were very slight. It was considered that neurons were affected more predominantly than other neuronal elements by the cytotoxic action of the drug, and that the synaptic changes of the hypothalamus might reveal chronic disturbance of noradrenergic transmission by inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. These ultrastructural findings might relate to the pathogenic mechanism of the disulfiram psychosis.

Animals↗