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Biomedical subjects

T Field

Publications and source records attributed to T Field.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Massage reduces anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric patients.

A 30-minute back massage was given daily for a 5-day period to 52 hospitalized depressed and adjustment disorder children and adolescents. Compared with a control group who viewed relaxing videotapes, the massaged subjects were less depressed and anxious and had lower saliva cortisol levels after the massage. In addition, nurses rated the subjects as being less anxious and more cooperative on the last day of the study, and nighttime sleep increased over this period. Finally, urinary cortisol and norepinephrine levels decreased, but only for the depressed subjects.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Tactile-kinesthetic stimulation effects on sympathetic and adrenocortical function in preterm infants.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the neuroendocrine response in preterm infants to a pattern of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation that facilitates their growth and development. Preterm infants (mean gestational age 30 weeks, mean birth weight 1176 gm) received normal nursery care or tactile-kinesthetic stimulation for three 15-minute periods at the start of three consecutive hours each day for 10 days. On day 1 and day 10 of the study, a 24-hour urine sample was collected for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, cortisol, and creatinine assay and a blood sample was taken by heel stick for cortisol and growth hormone assay. Urine norepinephrine and epinephrine values increased significantly only in the stimulated babies. Urine dopamine and cortisol values increased in both groups, and serum growth hormone decreased in both groups. Individual differences in urine norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and cortisol values were highly stable across the 10 days despite a 10-fold range of values among the infants. The results of this study suggest that tactile-kinesthetic stimulation of preterm infants has fairly specific effects on maturation and/or activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, this study has defined catecholamine and cortisol secretion across gestational age in normal preterm infants. Finally, these data suggest that highly stable individual levels of catecholamine and cortisol secretion are established by birth in humans.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1991

Quality infant day-care and grade school behavior and performance.

Relations between attendance in stable high-quality day-care programs and grade school behavior and performance were determined using 2 longitudinal data sets. The first sample included grade school children who had received stable, full-time infant day-care and preschool day-care until they reached school age in the same high-quality day-care center. In this sample the amount of time (months) spent in full-time center care was positively related to the number of friends and extracurricular activities of the children. In addition, more time in the center was positively related to parents' ratings of the children's emotional well-being, leadership, popularity, attractiveness, and assertiveness and negatively related to aggressivity. Study 2 sampled sixth graders who had also received varying amounts (months) of stable full-time day-care, but this group attended a variety of quality day-care centers. In this sample the amount of time in day-care was related to the teachers' ratings of their emotional well-being, attractiveness, and assertiveness. In addition, children with more time in high-quality day-care showed more physical affection during peer interactions, were more often assigned to the gifted program, and received higher math grades.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

Aerobics enhances cardiovascular fitness and agility in preschoolers.

Investigated effects of aerobic exercise on a sample of 24 preschoolers. Thirty minutes of aerobic exercises were provided daily for a period of 8 weeks for a group of 12 children while the remaining 12 children engaged in freeplay on the school playground. The children were given pretests and posttests on the following measures: a submaximal exercise test on a pediatric bicycle (baseline and three workloads), an agility test, a health knowledge test, a self-esteem scale, and an observational measure of their gross-motor activity. Despite comparability on pretests, significant group X repeated measures effects suggested that the aerobic exercise group showed decreases in heart rate at all three workloads as well as increases in agility and self-esteem following the exercise program. These findings suggest that cardiovascular fitness, agility, and self-esteem can be facilitated in preschoolers by an aerobic exercise program.

Arousal↗
PubMed1990

Alleviating stress in newborn infants in the intensive care unit.

Potentially stressful features of the neonatal intensive care environment, including factors such as continuous high-intensity noise and bright light, have generated concern. Some neonatal researchers have speculated that the intensive care nursery constitutes a source of sensory deprivation, whereas others have suggested that the preterm infant is overestimated or experiences an inappropriate pattern, rather than an excessive amount, of stimulation. This article examines some of the sources of stress in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Right hemisphere contribution to lexical access in an aphasic with deep dyslexia.

Three hemifield tachistoscopic studies of a right-handed patient with acquired Broca's aphasia and deep dyslexia, but with intact visual fields, are presented to support the hypothesis of right hemisphere (RH) participation in deep dyslexic reading. A systematic comparison of this deep dyslexic with the disconnected RHs of two patients with complete cerebral commissurotomy disclosed a similar, but not identical, pattern of abilities. The results demonstrate partial reliance on the RH for accessing the meaning of single words, but not for phonological encoding in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hospitalization stress in children: sensitizer and repressor coping styles.

To examine the effects of individual sensitizer/repressor coping styles on responses to hospital procedures, 56 children (mean age = 6.5 years) were observed during hospitalization for minor surgery. Although the sensitizer children, as classified by their mothers, did not differ from the repressor children on baseline measures including hospital preparation, they were more talkative, expressive, and active during hospital play observations. During blood tests and preoperative injections, the sensitizers, compared with the repressors, were reported by their mothers to observe the procedures, to seek additional information about the procedures, and to show more protest behaviors. Finally, the sensitizer children required fewer hours of intensive care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Infants of depressed mothers show "depressed" behavior even with nondepressed adults.

To determine whether the "depressed" behavior (e.g., less positive affect and lower activity level) of infants noted during interactions with their "depressed" mothers generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults, 74 3-6-month-old infants of "depressed" and nondepressed mothers were videotaped in face-to-face interactions with their mothers and with nondepressed female strangers. "Depressed" mothers and their infants received lower ratings on all behaviors than nondepressed mothers and infants. Although the infants of "depressed" versus nondepressed mothers also received lower ratings with the stranger adult, very few differences were noted between those infants' ratings when interacting with their mother versus the stranger, suggesting that their "depressed" style of interacting is not specific to their interactions with depressed mothers but generalizes to their interactions with nondepressed adults as early as 3 months of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Attitudes of persons at risk for Huntington disease toward predictive testing.

Attitudes of 69 persons at risk for Huntington disease (HD) were obtained by means of semistructured interviews and questionnaires. About 79% of the individuals said that they would use a presymptomatic predictive test if it were available. All believed that the test should be made available even though there was no cure for HD. Nearly 2/3 of subjects would use the test for prenatal diagnosis, and of these 71% would terminate a pregnancy if the fetus was found to carry the HD gene. Most subjects believed that pretest counseling should be mandatory and many said that testing should be withheld from persons who were psychologically unstable or were threatening self-harm. The data suggest that about 2-6% of persons at risk for HD may have severe psychiatric or suicidal responses to a positive outcome of predictive testing. This underscores the need for adequate pretest counseling and the availability of professional and community resources to deal with the impact of predictive testing on individuals and their relatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rotated hypoplastic hemipelvis: a cause of obstructive dyspareunia.

Repeat Chiari innominate osteotomy in a young woman with traumatic monoplegia and subsequent hypoplasia of the hemipelvis and leg resulted in rotation of the pubic ramus into the vagina, causing obstructive dyspareunia. Resection of the inferior pubic ramus through a transperineal approach allowed successful intromission with resolution of her dyspareunia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Technology under Medicare diagnosis-related groups prospective payment. Implications for medical intensive care.

Medicare prospective payment by diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) has intensified the debate over the use and costs of medical technology. In this study, we examine the financial impact of DRG payment for medicare patients receiving medical intensive care. During a one-year period, payment for 446 Medicare patients receiving medical intensive care at a large teaching hospital was calculated to be +4.7 million below costs, representing an average loss per discharge of +10,567. Patients stayed an average of 21.6 days including an average of 5.0 days in the medical intensive-care unit--23 percent of the total stay. Twenty-eight percent of the MICU patients died during hospitalization. For this group, the average payment per discharge was projected to be +21,651 below the average per discharge cost. We conclude that the results send strong financial messages to hospitals providing medical intensive care to severely ill, elderly patients. Further exploration and research must occur to ensure hospital responses will be consistent with public policy expectations.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗