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Biomedical subjects

T Field

Publications and source records attributed to T Field.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Brief report: HIV-exposed newborns show inferior orienting and abnormal reflexes on the Brazelton Scale.

Assessed 48 infants of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Infants exposed to HIV-positive mothers were disadvantaged from birth due to their mothers having obstetric complications and to the infants having orienting problems and abnormal reflexes on the Brazelton Newborn Scale. These problems may be early precursors of the later visual-spatial delays and hypertonicity noted in these infants.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: benefits from massage therapy.

Studied children with mild to moderate juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who were massaged by their parents 15 minutes a day for 30 days (and a control group engaged in relaxation therapy). The children's anxiety and stress hormone (cortisol) levels were immediately decreased by the massage, and over the 30-day period their pain decreased on self-reports, parent reports, and their physician's assessment of pain (both the incidence and severity) and pain-limiting activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Labor pain is reduced by massage therapy.

Twenty-eight women were recruited from prenatal classes and randomly assigned to receive massage in addition to coaching in breathing from their partners during labor, or to receive coaching in breathing alone (a technique learned during prenatal classes). The massaged mothers reported a decrease in depressed mood, anxiety and pain, and showed less agitated activity and anxiety and more positive affect following the first massage during labor. In addition, the massaged mothers had significantly shorter labors, a shorter hospital stay and less postpartum depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Psychosocial stressors of drug-abusing disadvantaged adolescent mothers.

The Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to 55 disadvantaged adolescent mothers who abused drugs during pregnancy and 49 nondrug-abusing disadvantaged adolescent mothers. Results suggested that the drug-abusing mothers were depressed (BDI = 14) while the nondrug-abusing mothers were nondepressed (BDI = 6). In addition, the drug-abusing mothers reported more mental and physical health problems, more problematic family and peer relationships, poorer social skills, more aggressive behavior, less constructive use of leisure time, and a lower educational and vocational status than did nondrug-abusing adolescent mothers. A multiple regression analysis of POSIT scales indicated that the best predictors of drug abuse during pregnancy were mental health status, leisure and recreational activities, and peer relationships. These results highlight the utility of administering the POSIT to identify stressors that place pregnant adolescents at risk for drug abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Job stress reduction therapies.

BACKGROUND: Job stress among healthcare workers has received more attention in recent years, perhaps because these professionals are prime candidates for high stress levels. METHOD: The immediate effects of brief massage therapy, music relaxation with visual imagery, muscle relaxation, and social support group sessions were assessed in 100 hospital employees at a major public hospital. DESIGN: The effects of the therapies were assessed using a within-subjects pre-post test design and by comparisons across groups. RESULTS: Groups reported decreases in anxiety, depression, fatigue, and confusion, as well as increased vigor following the sessions. CONCLUSION: That the groups did not differ on these variables suggests that these particular therapies, when applied for short periods of time, are equally effective for reducing stress among hospital employees.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent same-sex and opposite-sex best friend interactions.

In the present study, 48 high school juniors selected their best same-sex and opposite-sex friends for a videotaping of 10-minute face-to-face interactions together. Females felt more comfortable during same-sex interactions than during opposite-sex interactions, and they rated their same-sex partners more positively than did males. Although second-by-second codings of the videotapes yielded no group differences on the percentage of time the dyads were in interested or animated states, females were in more playful states during their same-sex interactions and males were more playful during their interactions with females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Adolescents' perceptions of family responsibility-taking.

A scale was developed to solicit adolescents' perceptions of their family responsibility-taking (defined as helping out and being supportive). Four hundred adolescents were administered this scale together with self-report measures of intimacy with parents and peers as well as other psychological variables (self-esteem, depression, risk-taking, and drug use). The results revealed that adolescents who felt they assumed more family responsibility reported less depression, more intimate relationships with their parents, and higher self-esteem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent psychiatric patients' interactions with their mothers.

Thirty-eight adolescent psychiatric patients and their mothers engaged in two dyadic interactions. The participants rated themselves and each other on four behavioral dimensions (calmness, friendliness, involvement, and bossiness) during a videotaped playback. An independent observer rated the dyads on the same dimensions. Analyses were conducted based on classification of adolescents as internalizers/externalizers, depressed/nondepressed, and socially anxious/nonanxious. Internalizing adolescent dyads were significantly calmer, friendlier, and more involved than were externalizing adolescent dyads. The dyads in which the adolescents scored lower on the depression scale were calmer, friendlier, and more involved than were the dyads with adolescents who had higher depression scores. No differences were noted between high and low socially anxious dyads. The findings indicated that the videotaping procedure could help familiarize clinical staff with the dynamics of parent-adolescent interactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical and laboratory features of patients with scleroderma and silicone implants.

We reviewed the available clinical and laboratory data from 56 patients with scleroderma and silicone implants from the English medical literature and 19 cases which have not been previously reported. The average age of onset of scleroderma was 43.6 +/- 10 years (range 20-73). Patients had silicone implants for an average of 9 +/- 4 years prior to the development of scleroderma (range 1-32). Most patients had limited scleroderma (41%). Twenty three percent had intermediate scleroderma and 36% had diffuse scleroderma. Clinical findings included: Raynaud's phenomenon in 77%, esophageal dysfunction in 53%, and pulmonary involvement in 47%. Cardiac and renal involvement were uncommon. Antinuclear antibodies by immunofluorescence were found in 83 percent of patients. The immunofluorescence pattern was speckled in 53%, centromere in 31% and nucleolar in 9%. Other antibodies (Scl-70, RNP, SSA/Ro, PM-Scl) were found in only a small proportion of patients. A clinical, serologic and immunogenetic comparison of patients with silicone implants and scleroderma and patients with idiopathic scleroderma is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

"Depressed" mothers' perceptions of infant vulnerability are related to later development.

Fifty-four depressed and non-depressed mothers were interviewed when their infants were 3 and 12 months of age. The depressed mothers assigned greater vulnerability scores and their infants engaged in less exploratory play and had lower Bayley mental and motor scores. The depressed mothers' vulnerability scores at 3 months were related to less exploratory play in their infants as well as lower Bayley mental scores at 12 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Massage therapy improves behavior in neonates born to HIV-positive mothers.

Assigned randomly 28 neonates born to HIV-positive mothers to a massage therapy or control group. The treatment infants were given three 15-minute massages daily for 10 days. The massaged group showed superior performance on almost every Brazelton newborn cluster score and had a greater daily weight gain at the end of the treatment period unlike the control group who showed declining performance.

Child of Impaired Parents↗
PubMed1996

Preschoolers of dysphoric mothers.

Dysphoric mothers rated their preschool children as having more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than children of nondysphoric mothers. Observers rated the dysphoric mothers as having more negative affect during play interactions, although their children's affect was not rated more negatively. The dysphoric mother-infant dyads were also rated as having a poorer quality interaction. These data suggest that mothers' chronic dysphoria (75% were chronically dysphoric) has a negative impact on the mothers' perceptions of their children as well as the mothers' and children's interaction behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Attachment and separation in young children.

Attachment theory is criticized for being based on momentary stressful situations, for being limited to behaviors and occur with the primary attachment figure, for including only overt behaviors in its paradigm, and for failing to consider multiple attachments at different stages of life. A model of psychological attonement is then presented and supported by several studies documenting behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses to separations from parents and peers.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Massage therapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG pattern of alertness and math computations.

Twenty-six adults were given a chair massage and 24 control group adults were asked to relax in the massage chair for 15 minutes, two times per week for five weeks. On the first and last days of the study they were monitored for EEG, before, during and after the sessions. In addition, before and after the sessions they performed math computations, they completed POMS Depression and State Anxiety Scales and they provided a saliva sample for cortisol. At the beginning of the sessions they completed Life Events, Job Stress and Chronic POMS Depression Scales. Group by repeated measures and post hoc analyses revealed the following: 1) frontal delta power increased for both groups, suggesting relaxation; 2) the massage group showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power (suggesting enhanced alertness); while the control group showed increased alpha and beta power; 3) the massage group showed increased speed and accuracy on math computations while the control group did not change; 4) anxiety levels were lower following the massage but not the control sessions, although mood state was less depressed following both the massage and control sessions; 5) salivary cortisol levels were lower following the massage but not the control sessions but only on the first day; and 6) at the end of the 5 week period depression scores were lower for both groups but job stress score were lower only for the massage group.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Massage therapy is associated with enhancement of the immune system's cytotoxic capacity.

Twenty-nine gay men (20 HIV+, 9 HIV-) received daily massages for one month. A subset of 11 of the HIV+ subjects served as a within subject control group (one month with and without massages). Major immune findings for the effects of the month of massage included a significant increase in Natural Killer Cell number, Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity, soluble CD8, and the cytotoxic subset of CD8 cells. There were no changes in HIV disease progression markers (CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio, Beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin). Major neuroendocrine findings, measured via 24 hour urines included a significant decrease in cortisol, and nonsignificant trends toward decrease of catecholamines. There were also significant decreases in anxiety and increases in relaxation which were significantly correlated with increases in NK cell number. Thus, there appears to be an increase in cytotoxic capacity associated with massage. Implications for HIV+ men as those with other illnesses, particularly cancer, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Massage and relaxation therapies' effects on depressed adolescent mothers.

Thirty-two depressed adolescent mothers received ten 30-minute sessions of massage therapy or relaxation therapy over a five-week period. Subjects were randomly assigned to each group. Although both groups reported lower anxiety following their first and last therapy sessions, only the massage therapy group showed behavioral and stress hormone changes including a decrease in anxious behavior, pulse, and salivary cortisol levels. A decrease in urine cortisol levels suggested lower stress following the five-week period for the massage therapy group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Under-eating and over-eating concerns among adolescents.

462 adolescents were given a set of scales to determine their concerns about eating (under-eating or over-eating), and perceptions of family and peer intimacy, social support, self-esteem, depression and exercise. Although only 10% stated that they were "underweight" and 21% that they were "overweight", as many as 50% reported having eating concerns. As compared to those who did not have concerns about eating, those who were concerned about undereating felt that they had poorer relationships with their mothers and fathers, less social support, lower self-esteem and low levels of exercise. In contrast, those who were concerned about overeating perceived having an intimacy problem only with their fathers. Like those concerned about undereating, the group concerned about overeating also had lower self-esteem and low levels of exercise. But, unlike the under-eating concern group, the over-eating concern group scored higher on the depression scale.

Adolescent↗