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Biomedical subjects

T F Warner

Publications and source records attributed to T F Warner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Tannins, salivary proline-rich proteins and oesophageal cancer.

No single dietary factor or ingested substance has been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal carcinoma especially in high-risk areas of the world. Although not well defined, there is heavy consumption of tannin-rich foods, particularly sorghum, by populations at high risk for carcinoma. The carcinogenic properties of tannins and extracts of tannin-rich plants have been demonstrated experimentally. It is proposed herein that salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) by binding ingested tannins protect the oesophagus from the carcinogenic effects of the latter. It is also possible that genetic variants of PRPs may influence the incidence of oesophageal cancer in different populations.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical evidence for gastric proteases in adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

When anti-sera to bovine pepsinogen and chymosin (rennin) was used, immunoreactive tumor cells were found in 12 of 23 gastric adenocarcinomas irrespective of the tumor subtype, degree of differentiation, or the presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia in the adjacent gastric mucosa. Nine of ten lymph node metastases contained immunoreactive tumor cells. Except for focal positively staining acini in Brunner's glands the antibodies did not stain normal small intestine or areas of intestinal metaplasia. Although intestinal metaplasia is a predisposing factor in gastric carcinoma it may be irrelevant to its histogenesis and differentiation. Instead, the mucus neck cells, being the stem cells of the normal gastric mucosa, may be the target of malignant transformation in gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Familial lung disease associated with proliferation and desquamation of type II pneumonocytes.

A family is described in which certain infants presented with a diffuse parenchymal pulmonary disorder characterized by proliferation and desquamation of alveolar epithelial cells that progressed to severe pulmonary fibrosis and cystic dysplasia, resulting in "honeycomb" lung typical of chronic pulmonary interstitial disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) at death. Electron microscopic examination of a lung biopsy specimen from one infant revealed that the proliferating/desquamating cells were ultrastructurally normal-appearing type II pneumonocytes with osmiophilic lamellar bodies. This patient did not respond to prednisone therapy, but she showed great improvement with chloroquine therapy, which was confirmed by a repeated lung biopsy. Possible mechanisms that might account for the effect of chloroquine, such as inhibition of DNA synthesis, as well as the cellular pathobiology of type II pneumonocyte proliferation in this disease, are discussed.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1986

A case report and literature review of "primary" pulmonary histiocytosis X of childhood.

"Primary" pulmonary histiocytosis X, a well-described entity in young adult males in which pulmonary disease is the overriding site of involvement, is exceedingly rare in children younger than 15 years old. We report a new case in a 2-year-old male and review other reported prepubertal cases. The diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X is based on examination of lung tissue. Langerhans cells containing Birbeck granules, seen by electron microscopy, are virtually pathognomonic of histiocytosis X. These Langerhans cells also react with a monoclonal antibody (OKT6) as well as with antibody to S-100 protein. Based on the lack of consensus for the appropriate treatment of pulmonary histiocytosis X and on our patient's favorable response, we recommend initial therapy with corticosteroids alone, reserving more toxic agents for patients who fail to respond to this initial therapy.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of HTLV-III infection by ultrastructural examination of germinal centers in lymph node--a case report.

Serum from a patient suspected of having AIDS showed positive ELISA tests but the diagnostic p 41 band was absent and the p 24 band was barely discernible on a Western blot. Before another Western blot was performed lentivirions were detected between dendritic reticulum cells in a lymph node biopsy. It is suggested that samples of biopsies of lymph nodes from patients with or at risk for AIDS should be embedded in resin for future ultrastructural study if indicated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Immunocytochemistry of acinic cell carcinomas and mixed tumors of salivary glands.

Antisera of several secretory products of the salivary gland were used to investigate the histogenesis of acinic cell tumors and mixed salivary gland tumors for comparison. Amylase, lactoferrin, secretory piece, and proline-rich protein (PRP) immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of acinic cell tumors; staining was focal, except for PRP, which was diffuse. Lysozyme immunoreactivity was rare. There was discordance for immunoreactivity with several antisera in identifiable tumor lobules of half of the neoplasms. An antikeratin serum outlined microcystic and follicular areas but rarely solid foci. These findings support the contention that acinic cell tumors derive from a tubular type stem cell. Lactoferrin and secretory piece immunoreactivity was not common in mixed tumors and was confined to scattered ductal cells and luminal contents. Rare small foci of amylase and PRP immunoreactivity were found in two mixed tumors only.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1985

Cutaneous postirradiation sarcoma. Ultrastructural evidence of pluripotential mesenchymal cell derivation.

A 75-year-old man developed synchronous multicentric cutaneous sarcomas and basal cell carcinoma of the face 57 years after receiving irradiation for acne. During the previous 30 years he had been treated many times for actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas. Surgical treatment had included total nasectomy, excision, and replacement of the skin of the upper and lower lips and the chin. Due to the multiplicity of morphologic patterns, it was difficult to subtype the sarcomas. Ultrastructural studies showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like and vasoformative cells suggesting an origin from a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1985

Neurotropic melanoma of the face invading the maxillary nerve.

Neurotropic melanoma is a variant of desmoplastic melanoma which, in addition to a spindle-cell vertical component and fibrosis, exhibits a fascicular growth pattern and invades cutaneous nerves. Here we describe a neurotropic melanoma which arose in a small lentigo maligna melanoma and invaded the maxillary nerve for a distance of 5 cm. Ultrastructural features were similar to those of previously described neurotropic melanomas and tumor fascicles contained S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity.

Facial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Subcutaneous fibromatosis associated with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome in pig-tailed macaques.

A spontaneous multifocal subcutaneous fibromatosis is described in 6 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (simian AIDS). The lesions consisted of a proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue that was infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. One animal also had retroperitoneal fibromatosis, which has also been found in this colony of pig-tailed macaques. Progressive weight loss, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and neutropenia were seen. Peripheral lymph nodes were hyperplastic, and there was splenomegaly. Aggregates of lymphocytes were present in the bone marrow, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Type D retrovirus particles were found in three nodules by electron microscopy; intracytoplasmic type A and budding particles were identified in fibroblasts. In a setting of acquired immunodeficiency, these subcutaneous tumors in pig-tailed macaques present a striking analogy to Kaposi's sarcoma in human AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Multiple visceral and cutaneous granular cell tumors. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence of Schwann cell origin.

Granular cell tumor of the stomach is rare and may occur in association with similar tumors in the skin. Two such tumors were found in association with cutaneous granular cell tumors in two black females. Infiltrating carcinoma of the stomach was suspected at surgery in one case. All of the lesions were typical granular cell tumors on light microscopic examination. Ultrastructural examination showed clusters of tumor cells that were surrounded by basal laminae and axonal structures were present among the tumor cells. S-100 protein immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in the tumor cells. These findings suggest a Schwannian origin for visceral granular cell tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunocytochemistry of neurotropic melanoma.

Schwann cell differentiation has been proposed in the histogenesis of neurotropic melanoma by light and electron microscopic studies, and melanosomes are rarely, if ever, detected in the spindle cell component of this tumor. S-100 immunoreactivity has previously been demonstrated in Schwann cells of benign neurogenic tumors and most malignant melanomas. The authors report S-100 immunoreactivity in spindle cell elements of neurotropic melanoma. Focal neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity was also found. These findings, in the absence of melanosomes in tumor cells, support the contention that the spindle cell element of neurotropic melanoma is derived from cells of neural crest origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical detection of chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms.

Twenty pancreatic endocrine tumors and one duodenal somatostatinoma were stained with polyclonal antisera against eight hormones, neuron-specific (NSE), and with a monoclonal antibody against the endocrine granule protein chromogranin. Silver staining was performed on all tumors with the Grimelius method. All the tumors and all cells in the normal pancreatic islet showed NSE immunoreactivity. Chromogranin immunoreactivity was found predominantly in the glucagon cells of normal islets, in one glucagonoma, four gastrinomas and in 10 tumors associated with multiple hormonal production, but not in five insulinomas or in one somatostatinoma. Grimelius reactivity was identical to chromogranin immunoreactivity in all cases except that more cells in the tumors and in the normal islets were positive for chromogranin. Both chromogranin and NSE were detected in a metastasized pancreatic endocrine tumor which had metastasized to a peripancreatic lymph node. The metastatic tumor failed to stain with antisera to all eight hormones. These results indicate that chromogranin and NSE are excellent general markers for pancreatic endocrine tumors and that the Grimelius stain and other related argyrophilic reactions may involve binding to chromogranin.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Proline-rich proteins are present in serous cells of submucosal glands in the respiratory tract.

Using antibodies to basic and acidic proline-rich proteins (PRP) of salivary origin, we detected PRP immunoreactivity in serous cells of human nasal, laryngeal, and tracheobronchial glands by an immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive PRP, detected by immunoblotting from SDS gels, were also found in culture mediums from tracheal explants. We hypothesize that PRP, by interacting with glycoproteins of mucus as other proteins do, may be necessary for maintaining the appropriate viscoelastic properties of respiratory secretions. Thus, PRP may play an important role in disease of the respiratory tract, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis and may serve important normal functions in addition to those previously identified in the oral cavity.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Injectable collagen in laryngeal rehabilitation.

Glottic insufficiency has been successfully managed by Teflon augmentation of paretic vocal cords over the past two decades. Collagen fulfills the criteria for a suitable bioimplant and is an attractive alternative as it is a normal constituent of the extracellular protein matrix. This study explores the use of modified bovine collagen injected into the canine larynx. Clinical situations are simulated by creating lesions and injecting collagen at different sites. The technique permits precise placement and quantification. Histologic study of the collagen implant fails to show evidence of significant foreign body reaction. The injected collagen appears similar to viable connective tissue and is colonized by host fibroblasts and nourishing capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A comparative ultrastructural study of virions in human pre-AIDS and simian AIDS.

Virions resembling the AIDS-associated retroviruses HTLV-III and LAV were identified between pseudopods of dendritic reticulum cells in lymph nodes from 3 patients with prodromal AIDS. The virions are morphologically distinguishable from HTLV-I and HTLV-II and also from D-type retroviruses that are associated with the simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Budding forms resembling incomplete nucleoids of maturing D-type retrovirus were found in neutrophils in a lymph node from another patient with prodromal AIDS. The significance of these structures is unknown.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid with osteoclast-like giant cells.

An unusual malignant thyroid neoplasm with a morphologic resemblance to giant cell tumor of the bone is reported in a patient who presented with a rapidly growing thyroid mass and a history of pre-existing goiter. The light and electron microscopic studies disclosed areas of differentiated follicular carcinoma with gradual transition to undifferentiated carcinoma. Pleomorphic spindle-shaped cells and giant cells were accompanied by numerous osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Desmosomes and interdigitating cell surfaces were apparent in the differentiated as well as undifferentiated areas on electron microscopy. These findings support an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal origin for this neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Merkel cells and Merkel cell tumors. Ultrastructure, immunocytochemistry and review of the literature.

Certain monomorphic cellular tumors that occur in the dermis have been called trabecular carcinomas or Merkel cell tumors. Forty-six cases have been reported to date and the literature on these is reviewed here, with six additional cases reported. Cytologic features include sparse cytoplasm, dispersed chromatin with inconspicuous nucleoli in round nuclei and many mitoses. Trabeculae and pseudorosettes may be identified. Electron microscopy is required for definitive diagnosis. Like normal Merkel cells, tumor cells contain electron-dense granules (80-200 nm), 10 mm filaments and desmosomes. Filament-rich cytoplasmic spikes were found in four tumors. These resemble corresponding protrusions of normal Merkel cells and have not been described in other APUDomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗