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Biomedical subjects

T Evans

Publications and source records attributed to T Evans.

226 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of vasoactive factors in the pathogenesis of early changes in diabetic retinopathy.

Several interactive and mutually perpetuating abnormal biochemical pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, augmented polyol pathway, and non-enzymatic glycation, may be activated as a result of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes. These abnormal pathways may in turn influence several vasoactive factors, which are probably instrumental in the production of functional and morphological changes in the retina in diabetes. The vasoactive factors such as endothelins, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factors, etc., are of importance in mediating functional and structural alterations in early diabetic retinopathy. Intricate and interactive regulatory mechanism(s) among these factors may control ultimate availability of these molecules to produce biologically significant effects. A better understanding of these factors and their interactions would aid the development of adjuvant therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New challenges, new answers: pediatric nurse practitioners and the care of adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: Since the 1950s, patterns of morbidity and mortality among adolescents have shifted to social and environmental causes. This study examines pediatric nurse practitioners' (PNPs') self-assessed competencies in addressing the common health concerns of adolescents. METHOD: The analysis used a sample of 257 PNPs drawn from a larger national data set of 637 nurses randomly sampled from 3 nursing organizations. Factors associated with self-perceived knowledge or skill and interest in training for 28 common health concerns of adolescents were analyzed using Chi square, t test, and Pearson's correlation. Barriers and attractions to working with adolescents were also investigated. RESULTS: The greatest deficits in self-perceived knowledge or skill, as well as low interest in training and low perceived relevance to practice, were around issues of gangs, gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender youth, HIV/AIDS, and counseling about a positive pregnancy test. Also, PNPs identified the lack of resources appropriate for adolescent referrals as the greatest barrier to working with this population. DISCUSSION: PNPs assessed their lowest competencies in some of the areas that present the greatest threats to adolescents' health and well-being. These deficits suggest needed curricular shifts in entry-level and advanced-level preparation of PNPs, as well as new priorities for continuing education.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative visiting: a role for theatre nurses.

Over the past 20 years, giving preoperative information to patients has been recognized as benefiting them greatly (Hayward, 1975; Boore, 1978). Similarly, preoperative visits by theatre nurses have been widely advocated to allay patient anxiety. This article discusses preoperative visiting from the perspective of its value to theatre nurses, particularly in the planning of patients' nursing care and in the application of nursing models and a team approach to the delivery of care. In so doing, preoperative visiting may be a life-line for theatre nurses at a time when their unique contribution within the operating theatre is increasingly under scrutiny (Bevan, 1989).

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing model of psychoeducation for the seriously mentally ill patient.

The purposes of this paper are to describe a nursing model for psychoeducation that is being implemented in the psychiatric unit of a Veterans Administration (V.A.) Hospital and to report baseline descriptive data for 19 seriously mentally ill patients. The data were collected as part of a larger study of patient, family, and treatment variables associated with community adjustment of seriously ill psychiatric patients. A convenience sample of 19 consenting patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder were interviewed and assessed by a clinical nurse specialist. Nine consenting family members, identified by the patient as a key family member, were also interviewed. The baseline data reported here were generated in these interviews. These data were also used to develop psychoeducational plans to meet individual patient/family needs. The patients had had an average of 12 prior hospitalizations. Their mean age was 38 years; 74% were African-American and 89% were male. Patients reported a variety of understandings of the reason for their hospitalization and techniques for management of their symptoms. The most common ways of managing symptoms were categorized as physical activity, decreasing stimuli, and use of alcohol/drugs/smoking. Practical problems arising in association with the conduct of clinical research in a V.A. psychiatric setting by a research team are also discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗