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Biomedical subjects

T Evald

Publications and source records attributed to T Evald.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Decline in pulmonary function in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Sixty-five patients with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (phenotype PiZ) were followed with spirometry at regular intervals of one year and a median observation period of four years. The annual decline in pulmonary function was adjusted for sex, age and height by division with the predicted normal pulmonary function. The median decline in FEV1 was 1.9% predicted/year. The rate of decline was independent of age and pulmonary function, except for patients with FEV1 below 25% of predicted normal. There was a tendency towards a slower median decline in FEV1 in ex-smokers (1.7% predicted/year) compared to smokers (3.8% predicted/year) and never-smokers (3.7% predicted/year), however, this difference was not significant (p greater than 0.01). At the time of diagnosis smokers and ex-smokers had a lower FEV1 (44 and 38% predicted) than never-smokers (85% predicted) (p less than 0.02), and smokers and ex-smokers were generally younger (median age 44 and 42 years, respectively) than never smokers (median age 55 years) (p greater than 0.1). Our data indicate that smokers as well as nonsmokers with severe AAT deficiency are at risk of developing pulmonary emphysema. The disease seems to appear later in nonsmokers, though once initiated it progresses at the same rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Steroid response after long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

The significance of long-term treatment with N-acetylcystein (NAC) for the steroid response on pulmonary function and general symptoms was investigated in patients with chronic bronchitis and moderate respiratory obstruction. All of the patients had received preliminary treatment with oral NAC in a dosage of 1,200 mg daily (Mucomyst Retard) or a placebo for 22 weeks in a double-blind design. After the conclusion of the long-term treatment but before the code was revealed, 37 non-allergic patients with irreversible respiratory obstruction participated in a follow-up investigation with 30 mg prednisone daily for 14 days. The peak flow was measured twice daily and the symptoms of bronchitis were registered by completion of 13 visual analogue scales. Pulmonary function was measured by means of spirometry on days 0, 7 and 14, respectively. In both of the treated groups, slight increase in the daily registered peak flow was found but no changes in the results of spirometry or the symptoms. Comparison between the groups revealed a significantly greater increase in the evening peak flow in the group which had received preliminary treatment with NAC. It is concluded that, in this investigation, no clinically relevant effect of long-term preliminary treatment with NAC on the results of a steroid test was observed in patients with chronic bronchitis and moderate respiratory obstruction.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1989

[Secondary multiple resistance during treatment of tuberculosis].

A case of severe bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis is presented. During treatment, the patient developed resistance to a total of six drugs. The reasons were poor patient compliance and incorrect treatment. In order to avoid problems with resistant strains, it is important that the departments undertaking treatment have experience with the medicinal treatment and understanding of the problem of compliance. If it is not possible to carry out satisfactory treatment, the patient must be referred to a county hospital.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1989

Chronic non-asthmatic cough is not affected by inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate. A controlled double blind clinical trial.

Thirty-one patients with a dry cough for at least 1 h duration in more than half of the last 30 days and with no recent respiratory infection participated in a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). Lung function was normal and reversibility was excluded by spirometry before and after bronchodilator and by no diurnal variation in home peak flow monitoring. Only one had significant eosinophilia and only three were mildly hyperreactive by bronchial provocation with histamine. After a 1-week run-in period the patients were randomly allocated to receive either BDP 4 puffs of 50 micrograms b.i.d., or placebo. After 2 weeks the patients were crossed over and received the alternative treatment for another 2-week period. The degree of cough, disturbance of night sleep and peak expiratory flow morning and evening were recorded daily in a diary. Spirometry was performed at each control visit. A significant period effect from run-in to period 1 and/or from period 1 to period 2 was demonstrated for cough and disturbance at night but not for peak flow or spirometry. However, no significant treatment effect was found for any of the measured variables.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Effect of theophylline and salbutamol on hepatic drug metabolism.

Fifteen otherwise healthy asthmatics with reversible airway obstruction were treated with salbutamol (8 mg slow release twice daily) and theophylline (300 mg twice daily). Each drug was administered for 4 weeks in a double-blind randomized crossover trial. Irrespective of which drug was given first, salbutamol increased antipyrine clearance significantly by a factor of 1.10 and 1.15 after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, respectively. Theophylline did not change antipyrine clearance. There was no correlation between the extent of change in antipyrine clearance during either of the drug treatments and alterations in lung function as assessed by changes in peak flow, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in first second.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of prednisolone on antipyrine elimination in patients with obstructive lung disease.

The influence of prednisolone on the elimination of antipyrine has been investigated. The one-sample antipyrine clearance was estimated in 23 outpatients with obstructive lung disease before and after treatment with prednisolone 30 or 50 mg/day for 7 days. During prednisolone administration antipyrine clearance decreased from 54.9 +/- 14.8 to 51.7 +/- 14.6 ml/min (mean +/- SD; p less than 0.05). The results indicate that prednisolone decreases the rate of antipyrine elimination, but not to an extent suggesting a clinically important change in hepatic drug metabolism.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1982

Detection of measles IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detectors of IgM antibodies in serum during acute or recent measles infections is described. False positive reactions due to rheumatoid factors (RF) were not observed in the test of human sera to which were added sera containing RF. Monospecific antisera against the haemagglutinin, nucleoprotein and polymerase of measles virus were used in a blocking IgM ELISA, revealing a sensitive method for the detection of the antibodies that take part in the immune reactions. An ELISA for the detection of measles-specific IgG in order to reveal IgM or IgG antibodies in the human sera is also described.

Animals↗