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Biomedical subjects

T Eto

Publications and source records attributed to T Eto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Fatal cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonia following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Fukuoka Bone Marrow Transplantation Group.

A 52-year-old Japanese woman suffering from AML (FAB classification M4) in her first remission received an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (APBSCT). She was seropositive for CMV prior to APBSCT. Her post-APBSCT course was complicated with CMV-associated disease and hemophagocytic syndrome. Finally, CMV interstitial pneumonia developed and death ensued. Even after APBSCT, there can be a short period of immune deficiency resembling that occurring following allogeneic or autologous BMT. CMV infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of unexplained fever or pneumonia following APBSCT.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1998

Donor lymphocyte transfusion for the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder of the brain.

EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a rare but serious complication in marrow transplant recipients. A 31-year-old Japanese woman in the second chronic phase of CML received an allogeneic BMT from her HLA 2-locus-incompatible 62-year-old father. Around day +200, she developed EBV-LPD of the right parieto-temporal lobe which caused slowly progressive left hemiparesis. Two courses of donor lymphocyte transfusions (DLT) of 10(6)CD3+ T cells/kg of body weight failed to suppress her central nervous system (CNS) EBV-LPD. The patient died of recurrent blastic crisis of CML. This case suggests that DLT may be ineffective for the treatment of CNS EBV-LPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of thrombopoietin on proliferation of blasts from CD7-positive acute myelogenous leukaemia.

We investigated the effect of thrombopoietin (TPO) on the growth of leukaemic blasts from 30 acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) patients according to the surface expression of CD7 and CD34: 10 patients were CD7 positive (CD7+), nine were CD7 negative/CD34+ (CD7-/CD34+) and the remaining 11 were CD7-/CD34-. Significant growth response of leukaemic blasts to TPO was observed in 10/10 CD7+, 5/9 CD7-/CD34+ and 2/11 CD7-/CD34- AML cases using 3H-thymidine incorporation. Synergistic stimulatory effects of TPO with stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were observed in both TPO-responding cases (9/17) and TPO-non-responding cases (8/13). In a leukaemic blast colony assay. significant growth response to TPO was observed in 5/6 CD7+ and 4/17 CD7-AML cases examined. However, the effect of TPO on the growth of CD7+ leukaemic blasts was not so potent as that of IL-3 and SCF, both of which support the proliferation of primitive haemopoietic progenitors. Expression of c-mpl (TPO receptor) was significantly higher in CD7+ AML cases than in CD7- cases, suggesting a relationship between expression of c-mpl and proliferative response to TPO. These data indicate that CD7+ leukaemic blasts express functional TPO receptors and proliferate in response to TPO. These observations also imply that CD7 expression on AML blasts may indicate involvement of leukaemic progenitors at an early stage of multipotent haemopoietic stem cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Incidence, outcome, and risk factors of cerebrovascular events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

We retrospectively investigated the incidence and prognosis of and risk factors for cerebrovascular events in 1,064 patients with chronic uremia who received maintenance hemodialysis (HD) for more than 3 months during 24 years in our dialysis units in Miyazaki, Japan. Cerebrovascular events developed in 98 patients (9.2%). The confirmed incidences of cerebral hemorrhage (CH) and infarction were 8.7 and 3.7 per 1,000 patient-years, respectively. Of the 56 patients with CH, 40 (71.4%) died within 3 months of the onset of CH. Ganglio-thalamic lesion was observed in 32 (80.0%) of 40 patients with CH confirmed by a brain computed tomography. The incidence of polycystic kidney disease was higher in the CH group than in the overall HD population (12.5% v 3.9%, P < 0.01). Of the 13 patients with diabetes mellitus and nephrosclerosis, nine (69.2%) developed CH within 36 months of the initiation of HD; 11 (78.6%) of 14 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis developed CH after 36 months. CH developed in six patients (15.0%) within 6 hours of a previous HD session. We compared laboratory values, the supine blood pressure, and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in 35 patients with CH and a control group (66 patients) matched in age, sex, basal renal disease, age at the initiation of HD, and the duration of HD. Data were obtained before and after HD 3 to 4 months before the first attack of CH. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) before and after HD were significantly higher in the CH group than in the control group (pre-HD SBP: 171 +/- 22.5 v 154 +/- 19.3 mm Hg, P < 0.001; pre-HD DBP: 89 +/- 13.6 v 81 +/- 9.6 mm Hg, P < 0.001). The incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher, and the Kt/V was significantly lower (1.23 +/- 0.26 v 1.38 +/- 0.34, P < 0.05) in the CH group than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of albumin and cholesterol or the total dose of heparin during HD sessions between groups. In conclusion, the incidence of CH was high, and its prognosis was poor, in patients undergoing maintenance HD. Reversible risk factors include hypertension and possibly the amount of HD prescribed, but not anticoagulation with heparin.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1998

Short-term modulation of the renin-angiotensin system does not alter plasma adrenomedullin concentration in humans.

OBJECTIVE: Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are novel hypotensive peptides produced from the same precursor. A relationship between AM and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis was reported in several studies, but the response of the above two peptides to short-term modulation of the RAA axis in humans is not yet clear. Here, we assessed the responses of AM and PAMP in patients with varying RAA system status, including renovascular hypertension (RVH) and primary aldosteronism (PA). DESIGN AND METHODS: Essential hypertension (EHT), RVH and PA patients were hospitalized and maintained on a standard diet (NaCl 10 g/day). The patients underwent a captopril (25 mg) loading test. A renin-secretion stimulating test (furosemide 1 mg/kg, i.v. +2 h of walking) and an ACTH loading test were performed for the PA patients. The plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and plasma AM and PAMP levels were monitored before and after the loadings. RESULTS: In the basal state, significantly higher concentrations of AM and PAMP were shown in the RVH patients compared to the other groups. AM and PAMP were significantly correlated with PRA but not PAC in all patients. The AM and PAMP levels were not affected by the captopril loading with or without a hypotensive reaction. The AM and PAMP levels were increased only slightly despite the large increase in PAC induced in the PA patients by the renin-secretion stimulating and ACTH loading tests. CONCLUSION: The responses of plasma AM and PAMP to a short-term modulation of the RAA system were relatively small, despite the correlations observed between PRA and AM or PAMP.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1998

Central actions of adrenomedullin on cardiovascular parameters and sympathetic outflow in conscious rats.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is reported to be a peripherally acting hypotensive peptide, but its central actions are unclear. We investigated the effects of centrally administered ADM on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in conscious rats and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats. We also investigated the receptors interacting with ADM using two putative antagonists. Intracerebroventricular administration of ADM in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 nmol/kg caused tachycardia and early inhibition of RSNA. Central ADM (1.0 nmol/kg) induced hypertension, tachycardia, and a decrease followed by an increase in RSNA. In SAD rats, increases in BP, HR, and RSNA at the late phase were enhanced by central ADM (1.0 nmol/kg), whereas the early decrease in RSNA remained. Thus the inhibition of RSNA via central ADM may be unrelated to the arterial baroreceptor reflex. Pretreatment with antagonists human calcitonin gene-related peptide-(8-37) and human ADM-(22-52) significantly suppressed the central actions of ADM. The findings suggest that ADM is involved as a neuropeptide in the receptor-mediated central regulation of the cardiovascular system and RSNA.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Serial alterations of glomerular matrix-degrading metalloproteinase activity in anti-thymocyte-induced glomerulonephritis in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the serial changes of glomerular metalloproteinase (GMP) activity in antithymocyte-induced glomerulonephritis (Thy.1 GN) in rats. GMP activity was determined by the measurement of EDTA-inhibitable gelatinolytic activity toward tritiated gelatin as substrate. Thy.1 GN was made by injection of antithymocyte serum into female Wistar rats and glomeruli were separated by a graded sieving method. Glomeruli were homogenized with sonication, and then the supernatant was used for the assay of GMP activity and substrate study. GMP activity was reduced on day 1 and at week 2 compared with controls, and returned to the control level by week 9. On light-microscopic examination, diffuse and focal glomerular ECM expansion were observed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. These changes disappeared by week 9. With the use of several substrates labeled with tritium, GMP was observed to degrade type IV collagen, fibronectin and casein as well as gelatin, but not type I collagen. In conclusion, attenuated GMP activity may be one of the causes of glomerular ECM expansion in Thy.1 GN, because GMP was capable of degrading the components of glomerular ECM.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Adrenomedullin: a possible autocrine or paracrine inhibitor of hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes.

Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide, exists in the cardiac ventricle; however, the role of AM in the ventricular tissue remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the production and secretion of AM in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and we examined the effect of AM on de novo protein synthesis in these cells by measuring [14C]phenylalanine incorporation. The cardiomyocytes cultured with serum-free media secreted AM into the media in a time-dependent manner at the rate of 12.2+/-0.5 fmol/10(5) cells/48 hours (mean+/-SEM). Angiotensin II (1 micromol/L) or 10% fetal bovine serum significantly (P<.01) increased the AM secretion by 115% and 305%, respectively. In addition, Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from the myocytes disclosed the expression of prepro-AM mRNA of 1.6 kb. Synthetic AM at 1 micromol/L significantly reduced the 10(-6) mol/L angiotensin II- and 10% fetal bovine serum-stimulated [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into the cells, by 16% (P<.05) and 20% (P<.01), respectively. The inhibitory effect of AM on the angiotensin II-stimulated [14C]phenylalanine incorporation was abolished dose-dependently by a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, CGRP(8-37). Furthermore, blockade of the action of endogenous AM by either 10(-6) mol/L CGRP(8-37) or anti-AM monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced the basal and 10(-6) mol/L angiotensin II-stimulated [14C]phenylalanine incorporation. In summary, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes produce and secrete AM, and the secreted AM inhibits the protein synthesis of these cells. Thus, AM may act on cardiomyocytes as an autocrine or a paracrine factor modulating the cardiac growth.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Distribution and expression of adrenomedullin in human gastrointestinal tissue.

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a biologically active peptide recently isolated from phaeochromocytoma. We report here the distribution and characterization of immunoreactive AM and gene expression of AM in human gastrointestinal tissue. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay system for the peptide, immunoreactive human AM was detected in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. The AM concentration of these tissues was about 0.4-0.8 pmol/g wet tissue. Reverse phase and gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatographies showed that most of the immunoreactive AM in stomach and jejunum was identical to authentic human AM. By northern blot analysis, human AM mRNA was found to be expressed ubiquitously in the human gastrointestinal tissues. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical study revealed that immunoreactive AM cells were present in the gastrointestinal glands. These results suggest that AM may play some role as a gastrointestinal hormone.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Hepatitis C virus infection and heart diseases: a multicenter study in Japan.

As a collaborative research project of the Committees for the Study of Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy, a questionnaire was sent out to 19 medical institutions in Japan in order to examine the possible association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cardiomyopathies. Hepatitis C virus antibody was found in 74 of 697 patients (10.6%) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mean age, 57.7 years) and in 42 of 663 patients (6.3%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (mean age, 56.5 years); these prevalences were significantly higher than that found in volunteer blood donors in Japan (2.4%, 50-59 years of age, each p<0.0001). The prevalence was significantly higher in patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as opposed to those with dilated cardiomyopathy (p<0.01). The presence of HCV antibody was detected in 650 of 11,967 patients (5.4%) patients seeking care in 5 academic hospitals. Various cardiac abnormalities were found among these patients, arrhythmias being the most frequent. These observations suggest that HCV infection is an important cause of a variety of otherwise unexplained heart diseases.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1998

Molecular cloning and expression of a gene encoding a novel sorbitol oxidase from Streptomyces sp. H-7775.

A gene encoding a novel intracellular sorbitol oxidase of a soil bacterium, Streptomyces sp. H-7775, was cloned and sequenced. The gene consists of an open reading frame of 1,260-bp encoding a protein of 420 amino acids with a molecular weight of 45,148. Deduced amino acid sequence of the gene has 25.3% identity and 68.1% similarity to that of rat L-gulonolactone oxidase at the overall amino acids. Nucleotide-binding motifs were not found in the deduced amino acid sequence of SOX protein. We succeeded in expressing recombinant sorbitol oxidase with covalently bound FAD in E. coli at about a 4,000-fold higher total enzyme activity than that of the Streptomyces sp. H-7775. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant SOX were similar to those of the enzyme from Streptomyces sp. H-7775. This is the first report of the cloning and expression of a newly categorized enzyme, sorbitol oxidase, from Streptomyces sp.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Decrease in circulating and urine adrenomedullin concentrations in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide with potent vasodilatory and hypotensive properties. Plasma AM levels in rats with experimentally induced hypertension, such as Dahl salt-sensitive rats and two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats, are higher than those in normotensive rats. We previously noted, however, that plasma AM levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are similar to those in Wistar-Kyoto rats. To define the role of AM in rats with severe hypertension, we investigated changes in circulating and tissue AM levels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm). The immunoreactive rat AM levels in plasma, urine, and tissue measured with a sensitive radioimmunoassay, and the AM mRNA levels in various tissues in 15-wk-old SHRSP/Izm were compared with those in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm). The plasma and urinary AM levels in SHRSP/Izm were significantly lower than those in WKY/Izm [plasma AM, 2.14+/-0.06 (SE) vs. 3.24+/-0.16 fmol/ml, p< 0.001; urinary AM, 16.36+/-3.21 vs. 36.12+/-6.09 fmol/ml, p< 0.01]. A negative correlation was found between the plasma AM level and the systolic blood pressure in both SHRSP/Izm and WKY/Izm. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the molecular components of plasma immunoreactive AM in SHRSP/Izm were similar to those in WKY/Izm. Furthermore, tissue AM levels in various organs in SHRSP/Izm were not lower than those in WKY/Izm. In conclusion, low levels of circulating AM may contribute to the maintenance of high blood pressure in 15-wk-old SHRSP/Izm. These low plasma AM levels may be caused by accelerated metabolism of circulating AM in SHRSP/Izm.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Plasma adrenomedullin levels in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: close relationships with diabetic complications.

The present study was undertaken to determine plasma adrenomedullin levels in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to elucidate the potential involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The patients were 24 males and 21 females with ages of 55 +/- 2.1 years (mean +/- SEM). Plasma adrenomedullin levels were 5.94 +/- 0.44 pmol/l in patients with NIDDM, and were not affected by plasma glucose concentration. The plasma adrenomedullin increased dependent on the severity of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Plasma levels of adrenomedullin positively correlated with various parameters, including serum creatinine levels, urinary excretion of protein, and systolic blood pressure. In contrast, there were negative correlations between the coefficient variation (CV) of RR intervals and plasma adrenomedullin, and between the conduction velocity of ulnar nerves and plasma adrenomedullin levels. These results indicate that the increase in plasma adrenomedullin was closely related to diabetic complications, which may be dependent on the development of microangiopathy.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Dissociation of adrenomedullin concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide, has been shown to act within the central nervous system to modulate fluid and electrolyte balance. AM-immunoreactive cells have been found in the anterior pituitary gland and the choroid plexus of humans. In addition, AM activity has been implicated in the regulation of maternal circulation during pregnancy. To determine the relationship between AM concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, we measured AM levels in CSF and plasma of pregnant (group P, n = 12) and non-pregnant (group NP, n = 10) women scheduled to undergo gynecologic or obstetric surgery. In both groups, the concentration of AM in the plasma exceeded that in the CSF. Plasma AM concentration was significantly higher in pregnant than non-pregnant women (17.3+/-5.8 vs 5.1+/-1.4 pmol/l, mean +/- S.D.; P<0.01), whereas CSF AM concentration did not differ between the two groups (1.3+/-0.9 and 0.9+/-0.4 pmol/l in groups P and NP respectively). No significant correlation was found between AM concentrations in the CSF and plasma. The present findings suggest that AM is present in the CSF and that its concentration in the CSF is regulated independently from that in the plasma.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura with a large tumor embolus in the left atrium: an autopsy case.

Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura often involves the heart but seldom invades the intracardiac cavity. We report a 78-year-old woman with right pleural mesothelioma who died of heart failure. An autopsy revealed that the tumor was present at the right pleura and invaded the right upper lobe of the lung and the mediastinum. The tumor also extended to the left atrium via the right pulmonary vein and filled the atrial cavity. Repeated transthoracic echocardiography failed to detect the tumor, but magnetic resonance imaging was useful for diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

An isolated case of nephronophthisis: medullary cystic disease without typical onset.

A 16-year-old girl with renal failure was transferred to our hospital for an extensive renal examination. Computerized tomography and ultrasonography showed multiple small cysts throughout the medulla of both kidneys. Histological findings revealed tubular atrophy and dilatation and marked periglomerular fibrosis, all of which were compatible with nephronophthisis. Her development and growth were normal. A prior urinalysis, as well as her symptoms and family history were not helpful for making a diagnosis. As early diagnosis of nephronophthisis is difficult in some cases, more detailed screening is needed for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗