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Biomedical subjects

T Eto

Publications and source records attributed to T Eto.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Ischemic changes in the pancreas of Watanabe heritable hyper-lipidemic (WHHL) rabbits.

Arterial intimal thickening and thrombosis of the pancreatic artery has frequently been found in Watanabe heritable hyper-lipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Three of the 20 rabbits used in this study showed histopathological findings such as intra- or inter-lobular fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration, acinar degenerative changes, ductular proliferation and small ductal dilatations which were identical to those of human chronic pancreatitis. These findings were observed in discrete areas clearly demarcated from normal pancreatic parenchyma and adjacent to parenchymal necrosis. These discrete areas were developed just peripheral to regions of necrotic or inflammatory obstruction of the pancreatic duct, which might have been caused by parenchymal necrosis due to severe ischemia. The stasis of pancreatic juice in the ductal tree may result in such findings in the WHHL rabbit. Fat replacement of pancreatic parenchyma was observed in 17 of the 20 WHHL rabbits, and was classified into two types, diffuse and massive. Massive fat replacement may occur from fat necrosis and intra-lobular parenchymal necrosis. Vascular alterations and secondary ischemia in the pancreas is one of the most important factors involved in the pancreatic lesions present in the WHHL rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Glucose tolerance in middle-aged Japanese males with uncomplicated hypertension.

Plasma glucose levels in 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were compared between uncomplicated hypertensives (n = 507, mean age = 48 +/- 0.3 years) and normotensives (n = 378, mean age = 46 +/- 0.3 years). The subjects were selected in a systematic way from 10,120 male employees in a work-site population in Japan. None of hypertensives took any antihypertensive drugs. Plasma glucose levels at each time point of OGTT were significantly higher in the hypertensives than in the normotensives when the differences in age, obesity, and other factors that might influence glucose metabolism were adjusted, using multiple linear regression analysis. Similarly, multiple regression analysis for subjects including both normotensives and hypertensives revealed a significant relationship between plasma glucose levels and blood pressure, which was independent of age and body mass index. These findings indicate a more direct association between hypertension and hyperglycemia, which is not mediated via aging or obesity.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

Effect of chronic inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme on baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension.

We examined baroreflex function and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) before and after the treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in eight inpatients with essential hypertension (EHT). Baroreflex sensitivity (BS), expressed as a slope of linear relationship between %-changes in mean blood pressure (BP) and those in plasma concentration of norepinephrine (pNE), was greater during BP reduction by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) than during BP elevation by phenylephrine (PE). Enalapril treatment for 7 days reduced BP without a significant change in heart rate and pNE. It also increased the BS in two cases during SNP infusion and in four cases during PE infusion. Ang II was not significantly reduced after enalapril, while plasma ACE activity was suppressed by about 80% and plasma renin activity (PRA) was elevated. The changes in BS did not correlate with the changes in Ang II. The shift of barofunction curve with an enhancement of BS by enalapril therapy might not be attributed solely to the interaction between circulating Ang II and central baroreflex mechanisms.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

Long-term prognosis of malignant hypertension; difference between underlying diseases such as essential hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis.

A long-term prognosis was studied in 69 patients with malignant hypertension, followed for an average of 56 months. Overall survival rate was 90% for a 5-year period, although the prognosis was different between two major underlying diseases, namely the 5-year survival was 79% for 33 essential hypertension (EHT) and 100% for 26 chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN); the difference is significant (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the 5-year rate for renal survival, defined as the probability of surviving without hemodialysis, was 37% in all cases. However, there was significant difference in the renal survival between EHT (60% for a 5-year period) and CGN (4% for a 18-month period). Multivariate analyses of the Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that the long-term change in renal function was different between the two groups, namely more rapid deterioration in the CGN group. These results indicate that a long-term prognosis of malignant hypertension is influenced by the underlying diseases and hemodialysis besides antihypertensive treatment may increase survival in malignant hypertension associated with severely damaged renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pathophysiology in malignant hypertension: with special reference to the renin-angiotensin system.

Pathophysiology of malignant hypertension, of which underlying disease was essential hypertension (EHT) in 33 cases and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 26 cases, was studied with reference to the renin-angiotensin system. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly higher in the EHT than in the CGN group, and angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1, Ile8]angiotensin II (AIIA) induced a significant lowering of blood pressure only in the former group. PRA was linearly correlated with both pretreatment mean blood pressure (MBP, r = 0.474, n = 29, p less than 0.01) and serum creatinine (r = 0.540, n = 29, p less than 0.01) in the EHT group but not in CGN patients, although there was an inverse correlation between PRA and serum sodium in both groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PRA was independently related to MBP, serum creatinine, and serum sodium in the EHT group, but not in the CGN group. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays a significant role in elevating blood pressure and deteriorating renal function in malignant hypertension derived from EHT, but it is less important in CGN related hypertension.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

The surgical treatment for carcinoma of the gallbladder--rationale of the second-look operation for inapparent carcinoma.

Eighty-seven patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder treated in our hospital over a 15-year period were reviewed. Macroscopic curative resection was performed in 30 cases, 6 of which received second-look operations, and their cumulative five-year survival rate was 42.6 per cent. Histological and clinical analysis of our cases initially diagnosed by postoperative histologic examination revealed that the depth of carcinomatous invasion was the most important criterion for the indication of second-look operation, and that the second-look operation is mandatory for the inapparent carcinoma limited to the muscularis or subserosa. The surgical procedures of the second-look operation were: resection of the anterior inferior and medial inferior areas of the liver and dissection of the regional lymph-nodes. The presence of invasion of carcinoma to the cut end of the cystic duct or severe carcinomatous invasion to the lymphatic vessels were also important histopathologic findings for a second-look operation. Cases in which lymphatic invasions are remarkably observed, should receive an en bloc hepato-cholecystectomy plus a resection of the extrahepatic bile duct with neural tissues and soft fatty tissues in the hepatoduodenal ligament in a two-stage operation.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with adenomas and adenocarcinomas in colonic polyps.

A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is reported in which 52 colonic polyps were resected endoscopically. Of these, 49 were hamartomatous and showed no adenomatous or carcinomatous changes. In the other three polyps, adenomatous change and foci of adenocarcinoma were present. The investigation of the sites of adenomas and carcinomas in this case and others previously reported indicates that such neoplastic changes are found on the luminal surfaces of the polyps of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Immunogenicity of purified glycoprotein gB of herpes simplex virus.

The efficacy of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) component vaccine consisting of viral glycoprotein gB was examined in a mouse system. Immunization of mice with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) gB emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant or with HSV-1 gB adsorbed to aluminum gel was fully protective against subsequent challenge with HSV-1 or HSV type 2. Latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion was also prevented by immunization with gB.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Further studies on the inhibition of pepsin by bile salts.

A higher incidence of peptic ulceration has been reported in patients recovering from operations that divert bile from the duodenum. Previous studies have shown that hydroxylated bile salts inhibit the proteolytic activity of pepsin, an integral agent in the production of peptic ulcer. In this study, the pepsin inhibitory activity of 16 bile salts (6 unconjugated, 5 glycoconjugated, and 5 tauroconjugated bile salts), including bile salts with no hydroxyl groups, was tested in vitro. All bile salts inhibited pepsin proteolytic activity and the degree of pepsin inhibition increased in proportion to their concentrations. The range of maximal inhibition was 90-73% for unconjugated bile salts; 74-35% for glycoconjugated bile salts; and 71-46% for tauroconjugated bile salts. These findings support the need for clinical studies to evaluate administration of bile acids to bile-diverted patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Blood pressure and sympathetic nervous function in spontaneously hypertensive rats derived from breeders on low sodium diet.

We investigated the effect of dietary salt restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) breeders to determine if the development of hypertension of offspring would be blunted. Weaning SHRs (F-0) were divided into 3 groups and were given a diets containing sodium of 0.4% (G 1), 0.05% (G 2), or 0.4% plus mefruside 0.001% (G 3) with distilled water. Potassium content was 0.75% and the other ingredients except chloride were identical in all the diets. Offsprings (F-1) were derived from selective inbreeding within each group. Systolic blood pressure rose over 160 mmHg by 8 weeks of age in all the male rats of all the groups in both F-0 and F-1. There was no difference in blood pressure between G 1 and G 2 at any age, while in G 3 blood pressure was significantly lower than in G 1 at 12 and 20 weeks of age in F-1. The findings in pressure were ascertained by heart-body weight ratio determined at autopsy, which was similar between G 1 and G 2, and was smaller in G 3 than the others at 20 weeks of age. Aldostrone excretion rate was markedly higher in G 2 than G 1 and G 3 at all study points, whereas plasma renin content was similar between G 1 and G 2, and higher in G 3. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ among the 3 groups at any age in both F-0 and F-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lactomer copolymer absorbable staples in gastrointestinal surgery.

We performed a series of experimental studies to determine the clinical feasibility of using lactomer copolymer absorbable staples in gastrointestinal surgery. The stapling properties, reliability of suture and wound healing, and degree of inflammatory response were compared to similar properties of standard metal staples and polyglactin sutures. The absorbable staples were used in partial gastric transection, Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, and to close the ileum and ascending colon as part of an ileocecal resection. There were no deaths or complications in the nine experimental animals. At sacrifice 2 and 4 weeks after operation, the absorbable staples were intact with little or no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of absorption. The mucosal and submucosal layers were completely healed at 2 weeks, but muscular and serosal layers, although in excellent approximation, were incompletely joined. Inflammatory reactions around the lactomer staples and polyglactin sutures were comparable, but greater than that observed around metal staples. The studies suggest that staple techniques using absorbable materials are feasible and safe in gastrointestinal surgery.

Animals↗