Oral focal mucinosis.
Two cases of oral focal mucinosis are described. Both were diagnosed clinically as fibroma of the gingiva. The clinical and histopathologic features of this unusual lesion are discussed.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Enomoto
Publications and source records attributed to T Enomoto.
Influence on cell-cell communication (dye-transfer) of the oncogenic beta-blocker DL-ZAMI 1305: possible relation to tumor promotion.
The effect of the oncogenic beta-blocker DL-1-(2-nitro-3-methyl-phenoxy)-3-tert-butyl-amino-propan-2-ol (DL-ZAMI 1305) on intercellular communication between cultured cells was studied. Intercellular communication of Chinese hamster V79 cells was measured by the dye-transfer method in which the spread of intracellularly microinjected fluorescent probe, Lucifer Yellow CH, through gap-junctions was used as an index of intercellular communication. When V79 cells are cultured with non-toxic doses (1-60 micrograms/ml) of DL-ZAMI 1305, a significant inhibition of dye-transfer is observed after 4 h. The inhibition is dose-related and greater than 90% inhibition is seen at the dose of 50 micrograms/ml. When DL-ZAMI 1305 is added at 0 and 24 h of experiment, its inhibitory effect is maintained for at least 48 h at high doses (50-60 micrograms/ml), whereas for lower doses of DL-ZAMI 1305, some recovery is seen after 24 h incubation. These results are suggestive of a possible tumor-promoting activity of DL-ZAMI 1305; in vivo studies on this carcinogen are in progress.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Inhibition of intercellular communication and enhancement of morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by TPA. Use of TPA-sensitive and TPA-resistant cell lines.
The possible role of blocked intercellular communication in the process of cell transformation has been studied with Syrian hamster embryo cell lines which are sensitive or resistant to TPA-induced enhancement of morphological transformation. Both the TPA-sensitive (BPNi) and the TPA-resistant (83-106 and 74-100) cell lines showed gap-junctional communication when measured by a dye-transfer method. However, TPA inhibited the communication only in TPA-sensitive cells, and not in TPA-resistant cells. These results are consistent with the idea that blocked intercellular communication is involved in a late stage of cell transformation and/or expression of the transformed phenotype.
Animals↗
Comparative effects of a complete tumor promoter, TPA, and a second-stage tumor promoter, RPA, on intercellular communication, cell differentiation and cell transformation.
The biological activities in vitro of the incomplete (second-stage) tumor promoter, 12-O-retinoyl phorbol-13-acetate (RPA), and the complete tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were compared. The doses of TPA and RPA necessary to inhibit the specific binding of [3H]-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) to BALB/c 3T3 cells (50% inhibition doses; ID50; 8-13 ng/ml) were very similar; however, RPA was less potent than TPA in inhibiting [3H]-PDBu binding to Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC). Intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells, measured by transfer of microinjected fluorescent dye (Lucifer Yellow), was inhibited by RPA as well as by TPA; TPA was about five times more potent than RPA. RPA also inhibited FELC differentiation induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) but not the differentiation of a TPA-resistant clone. The dose-responses of these two compounds in inhibiting differentiation of both TPA-sensitive and resistant FELC were very similar. When TPA and RPA were compared in their promoting activity of in vitro cell transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells initiated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA, 0.1 microgram/ml), both TPA and RPA significantly increased the yield of morphologically transformed foci, and RPA was approximately 10 times more potent than TPA. These results suggest that RPA and TPA share many common in vitro biological effects and that these in vitro studies do not allow us to delineate clearly the effect of a second-stage tumor promoter from that of complete tumor promoters such as TPA.
Animals↗
Contamination by ATP of commercial dATP samples causing erroneous results in studies of DNA replication in isolated HeLa cell nuclei.
dATP at high concentrations was capable of replacing ATP required in the synthesis of Okazaki pieces in isolated HeLa cell nuclei. In addition, the levels of synthesis of high molecular weight DNA were observed to vary depending on the lot of dATP used. Analysis by HPLC revealed that dATP samples of a particular source contained ATP in the range of 0.25-0.43 mol%. With ATP-free dATP, almost no synthesis of high molecular weight DNA was observed, while with impure dATP, a small but significant amount of high molecular weight DNA was synthesized. While this observation confirmed our previous finding that dATP can replace ATP in the synthesis of Okazaki pieces but not in the joining of the pieces, it is also a warning to users of commercial dATP in biochemical and biological studies.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Dissociation and reconstitution of a DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex.
The conditions for dissociation of the DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex (DNA polymerase alpha 1) have been examined. It was revealed that 50% ethylene glycol effectively dissociated the complex. The dissociated DNA polymerase and primase were purified to eliminate cross-contaminating activities by column chromatography using buffers containing 50% ethylene glycol. The sedimentation coefficients of the purified DNA polymerase and primase were 7.1S and 5.7S, respectively. These two enzymes were mixed in the presence of 20% ethylene glycol and the mixture was sedimented through a glycerol gradient containing no ethylene glycol. The DNA polymerase and primase activities co-sedimented at 9.1S which corresponds to the S value of intact alpha 1, indicating the reconstitution of the DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of two forms of DNA polymerase alpha from mouse FM3A cells: a DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex and a free DNA polymerase alpha.
Two forms of DNA polymerase alpha, alpha 1 and alpha 2, have been partially purified from mouse FM3A cells by discriminating one form from the other on the basis of the association of primase activity. The primase activity in the most purified alpha 1 fraction co-sedimented with the DNA polymerase activity in a glycerol gradient, and almost no primase activity was detected in the most purified alpha 2 fraction. The primase activity associated with DNA polymerase alpha was assayed indirectly by measuring ATP-dependent DNA synthesis with poly (dT) as template. Characterization of the assay system was performed with the purified alpha 1. The system was absolutely dependent on the presence of ATP and a divalent cation. Mn2+ was much more effective than Mg2+, and 5-fold higher activity was observed with Mn2+ than with Mg2+ at their optimal concentrations. The primase activity assayed by the above system showed sensitivity to (NH4)2SO4 very similar to that of free primase reported by Tseng and Ahlem (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9845-9849, 1983). The activity was inhibited by more than 50% by 20 mM (NH4)2SO4. alpha 1 and alpha 2 were very similar as DNA polymerases in their sensitivity to several inhibitors and their preference for template-primers, except that alpha 1 had a slightly greater preference for poly (dT) X (rA)10 than alpha 2 did. The major difference between the two forms was observed in their S values, 8.2 and 6.4 S for alpha 1 and alpha 2, respectively.
Animals↗
Isolation and initial characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of mouse FM3A cells defective in cytokinesis.
A temperature-sensitive mutant, designated tsFT101, was isolated from a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line, FM3A, and given an initial characterization. In this cell line, cytokinesis was blocked at a non-permissive temperature (39 degrees C), but DNA synthesis and nuclear division proceeded normally for at least 24 h at 39 degrees C as detected respectively by autoradiography and cytofluorometric analysis. As a result, multinucleate cells accumulated at 39 degrees C (more than 95% in 36 h). When the culture was returned to a permissive temperature (33 degrees C) after 24 h of arrest at 39 degrees C, cytokinesis was resumed and there was a rapid decrease in the number of multinucleate cells. At 39 degrees C, tsFT101 cells had less F-actin than cells at 33 degrees C, indicative of the existence of an abnormality in actin polymerization in this mutant.
Actins↗
Decrease in the reaction of DNA repair synthesis in response to nicotinamide or 3-aminobenzamide in ultraviolet irradiated systemic lupus erythematosus lymphocytes.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lymphocytes failed to accelerate ultraviolet (UV) induced DNA repair synthesis normally observed following inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) polymerization. Without inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) polymerase such as nicotinamide or 3-aminobenzamide, DNA repair synthesis following UV irradiation was found to occur normally in the cells of patients. These data suggest that DNA repair is disturbed under special conditions in the lymphocytes of SLE patients.
Benzamides↗
Rapid inhibition of intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells by diacylglycerol, a possible endogenous functional analogue of phorbol esters.
Intercellular communication between cultured cells is reversibly inhibited by phorbol ester tumor promoters, which have been shown to activate protein kinase C directly, replacing the role of diacylglycerol. In order to see whether a presumed endogenous functional analogue, a diacylglycerol, could inhibit intercellular communication in the same way as phorbol esters, we compared the effects of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells, using a fluorescent dye transfer method. When cells were treated with OAG, dose-dependent inhibition of dye transfer between cells was observed, which was almost complete with OAG at 50 micrograms/ml. The effect was rapid, a maximal effect occurring within 30 min after addition. The inhibitory effect of both compounds was maintained for at least for 4 h when the cells were in the growing phase; thereafter, the capacity to transfer dye recovered gradually and then returned to the control level after 8 or 12 h of treatment with OAG or TPA, respectively. Further additions of OAG or TPA had no effect. When OAG was added to cultures during a refractory period produced by TPA, the culture was also refractory to OAG; however, TPA could induce at least 60% inhibition of dye transfer in cultures that had been made refractory to OAG. However, when cultures that had been made refractory to TPA were washed and then OAG was added, it induced extensive inhibition of dye transfer at any time after removal of TPA, whereas addition of TPA to the culture caused no significant reinhibition by 6 h and was detectable only 9 h after removal of TPA. These results indicate that OAG can inhibit dye transfer in a similar manner to TPA, suggesting that activation of protein kinase C may be a mechanism by which phorbol esters inhibit intercellular communication. Our results also suggest that there is some difference between the mechanisms by which OAG and TPA inhibit intercellular communication.
Animals↗
Intercellular communication capacity as a possible determinant of transformation sensitivity of BALB/c 3T3 clonal cells.
While clonal cell variants of BALB/c 3T3 with high and low susceptibilities to ultraviolet radiation- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced transformation show similar intercellular communication capacities when they are in the growing phase, a significant loss in communication occurs at confluence only in transformation-sensitive clonal variant cells. A potent tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which also enhances BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation induced by methylcholanthrene, inhibited intercellular communication of these variants to a similar extent. These results suggest that intrinsic differences in the control of intercellular communication may be a determinant of the susceptibility of these variants to the induction of transformation.
Animals↗
Phorbol ester-mediated inhibition of intercellular communication in BALB/c 3T3 cells: relationship to enhancement of cell transformation.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters reversibly inhibit intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells. In order to study the possible role of blocked intercellular communication in the promotion step in cell transformation, we investigated the effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on cell transformation and intercellular communication in BALB/c 3T3 A31-1-1 cells by a dye-transfer method. When the cells are in the growing phase, inhibition of dye transfer by phorbol esters is complete but transient; more than 90% inhibition was observed 4 h after treatment of the cells with either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, but the extent of dye transfer returned to the control level after 24 h of treatment. However, when these phorbol ester-treated cells were cultured beyond confluence in the presence of tumor promoters, the capacity to transfer dye decreased again and was inhibited continuously for at least 5 weeks of culture. In control cultures, the extent of dye transfer between cells did not decrease at their confluence. The ability of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and phorbol-12,13-didecanoate to induce continuous inhibition of dye transfer between these cells correlated well with their capacity to promote transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells initiated with 20-methylcholanthrene. These results suggest that the continuously blocked intercellular communication after confluence, rather than its transient inhibition during the growing phase, might play an important role in the promotion of in-vitro two-stage transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells.
Animals↗
Role of intercellular communication in BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation.
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Animals↗
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus.
A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus in a 82-year-old woman is presented. the esophageal lesion revealed a variety of macroscopic manifestations including giant rugae, submucosal nodules, multiple erosions, and craters. The patient died 7 months after diagnosis. The esophageal involvement was considered to be primary.
Aged↗
Multiple deoxyribonucleic acid dependent adenosinetriphosphatases in FM3A cells. Characterization of an adenosinetriphosphatase that prefers poly [d(A-T)] as cofactor.
Four chromatographically distinct DNA-dependent ATPases, B, C1, C2, and C3, have been partially purified from mouse FM3A cell extracts. These ATPases are distinguished from each other by their physical and enzymological properties. DNA-dependent ATPases B, C1, C2, and C3 have sedimentation coefficients in 250 mM KCl of 5.5, 5.3, 7.3, and 3.4 S, respectively. ATPases B, C2, and C3 hydrolyze dATP as efficiently as ATP, whereas C1 does not. ATPase B hydrolyzes other ribonucleoside triphosphates with relatively high efficiency as compared to the other three enzymes. ATPase C3 prefers poly[d(A-T)] to poly(dT) as cofactor, whereas the other three enzymes prefer poly(dT) to poly[d(A-T)]. Among the four ATPases, ATPase C3 has been highly purified and characterized in detail. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the most purified fraction of ATPase C3 showed two major bands corresponding to molecular weights of 66 000 and 63 000. The Km values of the enzyme for ATP and dATP are 0.53 and 0.86 mM, respectively. As cofactor, poly[d(A-T)] is the most effective among the DNAs tested. Heat-denatured DNA and native DNA are also effective but used with less efficiency. Almost no or very little activity has been detected with ribohomopolymers and oligonucleotides. The activity attained with poly(dT) and poly(dA) is 11 and 6% of that with heat-denatured DNA, respectively. When both polymers were added at a molar ratio 1 to 1, very high activity was obtained with these polymers. On the other hand, little activity was observed by the combination of noncomplementary homopolymers such as poly(dT) and poly(dG).
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Cryosurgery and OK 432 in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
We used concomitant therapy that consisted of cryosurgery and injection of OK 432 (a hemolytic streptococcal preparation) in the treatment of a giant malignant melanoma that primarily arose from the hard palate to the alveolar process in a 69-year-old man. The tumor consequently disappeared completely. One and a half years later, there are no signs of relapse.
Aged↗
Inhibition of cell communication between Balb/c 3T3 cells by tumor promoters and protection by cAMP.
The effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the communication between individual cells in confluent culture was studied using a fluorescent dye transfer method. Cell-cell communication between mouse Balb/c 3T3 cells and between Chinese hamster V79 cells was inhibited almost completely by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but not by nonpromoting derivatives; the effect was reversed upon removal of the promoter. Intercellular communication between Balb/c 3T3 cells, but not Chinese hamster V79 cells, was increased significantly in the presence of dbcAMP and caffeine, and these compounds counteracted the effects of tumor promoters. Inhibition of cell communication by phorbol esters appears to be receptor-mediated, since specific binding of 3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate to Balb/c 3T3 cells was inhibited only by compounds that also inhibit intercellular dye transfer. A study with cycloheximide suggests that the reversible inhibition of intercellular communication by phorbol esters may not need de novo protein synthesis, while upregulation of communication by cAMP requires protein synthesis.
Animals↗
Protective effect of cAMP on tumor promoter-mediated inhibition of cell-cell communication.
The formation and maintenance of electrical cell coupling is inhibited by 100 ng/ml 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). This inhibition could be prevented by db-cAMP and aminophylline when added together with TPA, though they did not restore the cell coupling once it had already been blocked by TPA. It is suggested that db-cAMP affects the early membrane effects of TPA in FL cells.
Aminophylline↗