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Biomedical subjects

T Enomoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Enomoto.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Occurrence and characterization of fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase and fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase in Euglena gracilis.

1. Fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase and fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase occurred in Euglena gracilis SM-ZK, and is located in cytosol. 2. Fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase and fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase were partially purified, and both enzyme activities were not separated during the partial purification. 3. The pH optimum for fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase activity was 7.0. The saturation curve of the enzyme activity for ATP concentration was hyperbolic, and the Km value for the substrate was 0.88 mM. On the other hand, the saturation curve of the enzyme activity for fructose 6-phosphate concentration was sigmoidal, and the K0.5 value for the substrate was 70 microM. 4. The pH optimum for fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase activity was 6.5. The saturation curve for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration was sigmoidal, and the K0.5 value for the substrate was 1.29 microM. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate showed a substrate inhibition at high concentration over 5 microM, and the enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 20 microM of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

N-nitrosocimetidine as an initiator of murine skin tumors with associated H-ras oncogene activation.

N-Nitrosocimetidine (NCM) is a derivative of the drug cimetidine, a methylguanidine derivative used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, and is known to be inactive as a complete mouse skin carcinogen, even when given in repeated high doses for a long period. In the current experiment, NCM was tested for its ability to initiate skin tumors on Sencar mice. It was applied at doses of 1 or 0.3 mg, 5 times/week for 6 weeks, followed by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 1 microgram, 2 times/week for 50 weeks. Controls received acetone. The higher NCM dose had significant effects on TPA-promotable tumors, resulting in shortened time to first tumor, increased incidence of all tumors (2-fold) and of malignant tumors (4-fold), and greater tumor growth rate (2-fold), compared with the acetone/TPA-treated mice. The mice given the lower NCM dose did not exhibit increased tumor incidence, but their tumors had a significantly higher growth rate (3-fold) than those of the TPA controls. NCM without TPA treatment caused no tumors. Thus, NCM is a definitive, though weak initiator of TPA-promotable tumors. Nine tumors from the NCM-treatment groups were analyzed for activated oncogenes by the NIH 3T3 cell transfection assay. Five were positive and four of these were found by selective oligonucleotide hybridization analysis to have an A to T transversion in the second position of codon 61 of the H-ras oncogene. One of two tumors from the acetone/TPA group also contained transforming DNA and demonstrated this mutation. None of the tumors had a G----A transition mutation at the second position of codon 12 of this oncogene. Tumor initiation by NCM may then be associated with the same oncogene mutation reported for mouse skin tumors initiated by other types of carcinogens, although occurrence of the mutated oncogene in TPA controls precludes a definitive conclusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Cloverleaf skull syndrome with occipital bone cristae. Report of two cases].

Two cases of cloverleaf skull syndrome are reported. The patients were born with trilobed deformity of the skull associated with synostosis of the lambdoidal, coronal, and sagittal sutures in Case 1 and of the lambdoidal suture in Case 2. Both patients had hydrocephalus, low-set ears, and ocular hypertelorism. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting had been performed for hydrocephalus in both cases in early infancy. Thereafter, the skull anomaly caused mental and physical retardation and elevated intracranial pressure. In both cases, surgery was successful in terms of cosmetic and neurological improvement. Both cases involved prominent midline crista formation of the skull over the posterior fossa, which steadily progressed during the first year of life and produced hydrocephalus, apparently by compressing or obstructing the aqueduct and/or the ostia of the fourth ventricle. Twenty-four cases of surgery for cloverleaf skull syndrome have been reported to date. Only Partington's types II and III were treated surgically, and patients with type III had more favorable outcomes than those with type II. However, these reports provide no clear-cut data that surgery significantly influences the outcome. The experience with the two cases reported here suggests the benefits of early shunting followed later by radical surgery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[Tree pollens and nasal allergy (XI). Relationship of age to the total IgE level, Japanese cedar RAST score, Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies and IgG subclass].

Japanese cedar pollinosis occurs most frequently in the twenties and thirties. To understand this phenomenon, total serum IgE, frequency of positive RAST reactions to Japanese cedar and Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibody were examined in serum samples from a general population consisted of 1,491 subjects and their age-related changes were investigated. The difference of mean value of total serum IgE was not significant between age groups. Positive RAST's to Japanese cedar were found in 13.9% of cases. The frequency of positive RAST reactions showed a peak in the twenties and decreased thereafter with aging. The amount of Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies was 244.7 +/- 373.2 GRU/ml (mean +/- S.D.) and there was no significant difference between males and females. There was no difference in the amount of specific IgG antibodies among the subjects giving RAST scores of 0-3, whereas those giving RAST scores of 4 had lower specific IgG antibodies. The amount of Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies increased from the fifties. Specific antibody of IgG1 subclass to Japanese cedar increased with age, whereas IgG4 antibody increased slightly without statistically significant difference. Based on the above result, we discussed why Japanese cedar pollinosis occurs most frequently in the twenties and thirties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of epithesis by others].

The present study aims at recognizing how maxillofacial prostheses prepared by us for out patients are evaluated by persons in contact with them. Questionnaire was sent to 158 persons (125 fifth year students of The Nippon Dental University, School of Dentistry at Niigata, 17 dental hygienists and nurses and 12 hospital clerical employees). The following results were obtained: 1) Upon seeing a maxillofacial defective patient momentarily, 91.8% of the answers regarded his inserted maxillofacial prostheses as agreeable. 2) Upon being opposite to such a patient without conversation for a comparatively long time, 18.3 and 80.4% of the answers regarded his covering the defective part with gauze and his inserted maxillofacial prostheses, respectively as agreeable. 3) Upon conversing with such a patient, 86.1 and 9.5% of the answers regarded his inserted maxillofacial prostheses and his covering the defective part with gauze, respectively as agreeable. 4) In the case of close relatives of such a patient, 67.7, 20.3 and 5.7% regarded his inserted maxillofacial prostheses, his covering the defective part with gauze and his leaving the defective part as it is, respectively, as agreeable. 5) With respect to the facial aesthetics of the case presented as one of reference, 42.7, 15.9 and 13.3% pointed out mandibular deviation, ocular prostheses and condition of contact of the maxillofacial prostheses with the skin, respectively, to be unnatural.

Esthetics↗
PubMed1989

[Oral health condition of the population in special elderly nursing home].

With the objective of making clear the oral health condition of chronic disable elderlies and thereby obtaining information for oral hygiene education and dental treatment, 77 elderlies in a special elderly nursing home attached to a private general hospital in Niigata Prefecture were studied by an interview/questionnaire method and dental examination. The following results were obtained. (1) Their mean age was 82.0 years. The major causes of chronic disability were diseases of the cerebral blood vessel and these diseases accounted for 54.5% of all diseases. The mean period of their chronic disability was 9 years. (2) 49.4% (38 persons) of them was edentulous, and 47.9% (18 persons) of them was using complete denture. (3) The average number of present teeth was 4.6 in all persons, while it was 9.0 in dentulous persons, and 3.3 of which were residual roots. (4) Salivary occult blood reaction test was positive in 87.2% in the dentulous persons and 34.2% in edentulous persons. (5) Simplified culture test using STOMASTAT was negative in 48.4% and positive in 51.6% of persons using a denture. (6) The above results indicated that dental diseases of chronic disable elderlies are not treated appropriately. This study revealed importance of dental examination, oral hygiene education and initial treatment in middle-aged and older persons.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of combination chemotherapy of 5'-DFUR, cyclophosphamide and tamoxifen in a case of advanced breast cancer].

A patient with inoperable, advanced cancer in left breast and metastasis in the opposite axillary lymph nodes, received combination of 5'-DFUR, cyclophosphamide and tamoxifen. The daily dosages were: 1,200 mg/body, 100 mg/body, and 20 mg/body respectively, 5'-DFUR and cyclophosphamide were intermittently administered for two weeks followed by two weeks resting. The original foci began to respond after 3 weeks from the start of this therapy and disappeared in the 27th week. The metastatic foci disappeared in the 16th week, when the patient presented significant improvement from the aspect of quality of life with a good appetite. No serious side effects were observed except for leukocytopenia. This study indicated that the said combination is useful in treatment of advanced/recurrent breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1989

Modulation of striatal serotonin metabolism by baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acidB receptor agonist.

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of racemic baclofen (10-40 mg/kg), a gamma aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) Receptor agonist, increased striatal and hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation after inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. The baclofen-induced increment of 5-HTP accumulation in the striatum showed a much greater magnitude and longer duration than that in the hippocampus. In contrast, systemic application of baclofen (10-40 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to modify the rate of serotonin (5-HT) disappearance during inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase in the striatum and hippocampus. Acute cerebral hemitransection decreased striatal 5-HTP accumulation and completely blocked the ability of baclofen to enhance 5-HT synthesis in the striatum. Furthermore, there were no changes in striatal 5-HTP accumulation after intrastriatal infusion of baclofen and GABA. These findings suggested that systemically applied baclofen facilitates in vivo 5-HT synthesis in the striatum via primarily stimulating GABAB receptors located in the extra-striatal area(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Protein kinase C activation in a 3T3 cell variant morphologically unresponsive to tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

To investigate the mechanism of the morphological changes induced in cells by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, we isolated a 3T3 cell variant which was morphologically unresponsive to phorbol esters and analyzed the activation of protein kinase C induced by the phorbol esters in it. The variant resembled the parent cells in its activation and appeared to have been altered at some step distal to the early events of protein kinase C activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Novel non-tumorigenic cell variants showing potentially different susceptibility to v-src induced metastasis].

Two non-tumorigenic variant cells were isolated from UV-irradiated BALB/c 3T3 cells according to their morphological responsiveness to phorbol ester tumor promoters. They exhibited remarkably different metastatic behavior after intravenous injections of their v-src transformants into nude mice; phorbol ester-resistant variant TR 4 cells transformed by v-src were hyper-metastatic, whereas v-src transformants of phorbol ester sensitive variant TR 5 cells were not metastatic at all. No different metastatic responses were observed with v-k-ras induced transformants of the variants. These non-tumorigenic variant cells may pre-acquire the genetic alteration of certain src-specific specific and metastasis-associated factors. This system may be useful for genetic analysis of the induction of metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Acute myelogenous leukemia accompanied by HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) caused by blood transfusion].

A case of AML accompanied by HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) is reported. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in April 1985 because of severe anemia, general malaise and fever. On admission, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis consisting of 32% myeloblasts and 6% promyelocytes were noted. A bone marrow study revealed marked myeloid hyperplasia, and a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (M2) was made. In order to improve the patient's severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, a large amount of blood transfusion was applied at once. Thereafter BHAC-DMP therapy was commenced resulting in complete remission 3 months after initiating chemotherapy. Hematological improvement has continued (as of May 1988). In June 1986 the patient showed a gait disturbance of slowly progressive course. Neurological examination revealed hyperactive knee and ankle jerks with a positive Babinski's sign, and foot clonus were also noted bilaterally. Sphincter impairment was detected. A CSF sample contained slight pleocytosis with some abnormal lymphocytes similar to those found in adult T cell leukemia. Antibodies to HTLV-I were found in the CSF and serum by EIA method. According to these findings we diagnosed the patient's illness as HAM, referring to the new clinical entity named by Osame. This patient had undergone a blood transfusion 14 months before the onset of this myelopathy, therefore the transmission of exogenous antigens through blood transfusion may be the cause of HAM. Corticosteroid pulse treatment was administered and striking improvements countering gait disturbance resulted in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Further characterization of DNA helicase activity of mouse DNA-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase B (DNA helicase B).

The DNA helicase activity of DNA-dependent ATPase B purified from mouse FM3A cells [Seki, M., Enomoto, T., Hanaoka, F., & Yamada, M. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 2924-2928] has been further characterized. The helicase activity was assayed with partially duplex DNA substrates in which oligonucleotides to be released by the enzyme were radiolabeled. Oligonucleotides with or without phosphate at the 5' termini or with a deoxy- or dideoxyribose at the 3'-terminal nucleotides were displaced by this enzyme with essentially the same efficiency and with the same ATP (and dATP) and Mg2+ requirements. Thus, there was no strict structure requirement for both ends of duplex regions of substrates to be unwound by the enzyme. Shorter strands were released more readily than longer strands up to the length of 140 bases. The attachment of the enzyme to a single-stranded DNA region was a prerequisite for the neighboring duplex to be unwound; the enzyme-catalyzed unwinding was inhibited competitively by the coaddition of single-stranded DNAs which act as cofactors of the ATPase activity. Their activities as the inhibitor of helicase were well correlated with those as the cofactor of ATPase. The helicase B was found to migrate along single-stranded DNA in the 5' to 3' direction by the use of single strands with short duplex regions at both 3' and 5' ends as substrate. A possible role of this enzyme in DNA replication in mammalian cells is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of DNA polymerase alpha activity from a mouse DNA temperature-sensitive mutant, strain tsFT20, which shows a defect in DNA polymerase alpha activity at restrictive temperatures.

tsFT20 cells derived from mouse FM3A cells are DNA temperature-sensitive mutants, which have heat-labile DNA polymerase alpha activity. When tsFT20 cells were incubated at restrictive temperatures, intracellular levels of DNA polymerase alpha activity changed biphasically, showing an initial fast decrease (phase I) and a subsequent slow decrease (phase II). The activity of DNA polymerase alpha from tsFT20 cells cultured at a permissive temperature (33 degrees C) was greatly increased by the addition of glycerol or ethylene glycol to the reaction mixture, while little increase in enzyme activity was observed at any concentration of glycerol or ethylene glycol tested with the enzyme from the cells cultured at a restrictive temperature (39 degrees C) for 8 h (phase II). The activity of DNA polymerase alpha from wild-type cells was also increased by the addition of glycerol but the increase was much less than that in the tsFT20 cells. An in vitro preincubation experiment showed that DNA polymerase alpha from tsFT20 cells cultured at 33 degrees C very rapidly lost its ability to be stimulated by glycerol. Furthermore, the experiment using the extracts prepared from tsFT20 cells cultured at 39 degrees C for various periods showed that the ability to be stimulated by glycerol decreased with the duration of incubation time at 39 degrees C. DNA polymerase alpha from the revertants, which can grow at 39 degrees C and exhibit a partial recovery in heat stability of DNA polymerase alpha activity, showed an intermediate response to glycerol, between those of DNA polymerase alpha from tsFT20 and from the wild-type cells. Finally, it was observed that the level of enzyme activity that can be stimulated by glycerol correlated well with the DNA synthesizing ability of tsFT20 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Moyamoya disease.

The authors reviewed the Japanese literature on moyamoya disease. In the article we discuss the history of such investigations in Japan, the signs and symptoms, the diagnosis (especially concerning diagnostic criteria and magnetic resonance imaging), the pathology in relation to its etiology, and the current methods of treatment. On the whole, the main aim of the paper was to introduce our concept of moyamoya disease that is now current in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Marked cerebrospinal fluid collection associated with hepatic failure.

We report two cases with abnormal CSF accumulation in the cranium. One case had marked dilatation of the ventricular system, for which a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was carried out. The shunt was not beneficial and it turned out that the patient was suffering from ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The second case developed marked subdural effusion after fulminating hepatic failure and septicemia, for which drainage of the subdural space and subsequent insertion of Ommaya reservoirs were carried out. In spite of successful CSF control, the outcome was bad, both cases being incapacitated due to severe encephalopathy probably caused by hyperammonemia. The results of serial computed tomographic follow-up are presented.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

Post-inflammatory arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. Observation of development of the cyst.

Arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern are rare. Patients with this lesion are usually normal at birth, and signs of increased intracranial pressure (IICP) develop at about 4 to 12 months of age. However, there has been no report about this mechanism. A case of arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern is presented. In this case, the process of the cyst growth was observed during the course of follow-up for shunted hydrocephalus. Symptoms coincided with the growth of the cyst. Therefore, the development of the clinical symptoms was thought to be due to IICP caused by cyst expansion. Our case was complicated by inflammation, something that may offer a key to solving the mechanism of cyst fluid accumulation and the relationship between symptoms and development of the cyst.

Arachnoid↗