Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Endo.
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A sandwich enzyme immunoassay was established to measure an adenocarcinoma-associated antigen (antigen YH206) detected by monoclonal antibody YH206. Levels of antigen YH206 exceeding the cut-off value (25 U/ml) were found in the following percentages of 163 patients with various cancers: stomach cancer 37.2%, colon cancer 14.8%, pancreas cancer 43.3%, common bile duct cancer 28.6%. In contrast, only one out of 33 (3.0%) healthy donors and 7 of 104 (6.7%) patients with benign diseases had slightly elevated levels of the antigen. As regards the relationship between antigen YH206 levels and clinical stages, abnormally high levels of the antigen were found in the following percentages of 29 patients with stomach cancer: stage I 16.7%, II 0%, III 42.9% and IV 54.5%. Serial monitoring of antigen YH206 in two patients with cancer revealed that the level of the antigen increased as the disease progressed. It was also found that perchloric acid treatment of serum might be useful to decrease any false-positive reactions.
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Two cases of carcinoma in a diverticulum of the bladder were experienced. The first case was of a 50-year-old male who presented in February, 1981, complaining of asymptomatic microhematuria. The excretory urogram revealed a diverticulum in the left lateral aspect of the bladder which was causing shift of the lower ureter to the median side. The cytology report of voided urine was class III. Diverticulectomy was performed and pathologic findings was a transitional cell carcinoma, grade 1, stage 0. The patient has been free of recurrence for the past 54 months. The second case was of a 67-year-old male with the chief complaint of pollakiuria. Non-papillary tumor in a diverticulum of the bladder was found by cystoscopy and computed tomography. Tumor biopsy and urinary diversion by ileal conduit were performed in the usual manner. The pathologic finding was transitional cell carcinoma of grade 11 malignancy. The patient died of intestinal obstruction on January, 19, 1984, about 15 months after the surgery. The 117 cases of carcinoma in a diverticulum of the bladder we found in the Japanese literature are reviewed briefly.
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A case of recurrent lupus nephritis in an 18-year-old girl with a renal transplant is described. Serological titer of ANA and Anti-DNA were low prior to renal transplantation following pulse therapy with methylpredonisolone and high dose oral predonisolone. A living related transplantation was performed after 6 months of hemodialysis. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy consisted of predonisolone, mizoribine and cyclophosphamide. Graft function remained stable for one and half years after transplantation. Clinical recurrence was heralded by the development of proteinuria. If the serologic activities had been analyzed, the increase in ANA and Anti-DNA titers a few months before the onset of proteinuria might have predicted a possible histopathological recurrence. Fortunately, however, despite the histological and clinical recurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus, her renal allograft has continued to function fairly well.
Sixty-eight patients in which non-resectable liver metastases were the predicted limiting factor of their survival were treated with 5-FU, ADM, MMC combined hepatic infusion chemotherapy using the following regimen: 5-FU 334 mg/m2/w shot, ADM 20 mg/m2/4 shot, MMC 2.7 mg/m2/2w shot. In the case of colorectal cancer, 5-FU 167 mg/m2/day continuously for over 3 months, then 334 mg/m2/w shot was used. In every case, the catheter was placed into the hepatic artery via the left subclavian artery and an implantable portal system was used for shot infusion and a portable pump for continuous infusion. The results were as follows: Except for one drop-out case, 67 patients were able to receive this therapy. Bone marrow suppression occurred in 32.8% of patients, gastroduodenal trouble in 31.3%, and hepatic arterial occlusion in 19.4%. Response rates and 50% survival times were 65.6%, 324 days for colorectal cancer, 80.0%, 393 days for breast cancer, and 87.5%, 342 days for gastric cancer. These are preliminary results. However, we conclude that it is appropriate to go on with this study, although discussion of this regimen involving more cases is required.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy via the left subclavian artery was performed in 112 patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors, and those cases showing hepatic arterial occlusion were discussed. Hepatic arterial occlusion occurred in 22.3% of cases, and the rates of occurrence in males and females showed no significant difference. Therefore, when the catheter was placed and replaced in the RHA or LHA, the occurrences of arterial occlusion seemed to be relatively high, i.e., 45.5% and 50.0%. The diameter of the hepatic artery, which was measured in 25 patients with hepatic arterial occlusion (occlusion group) and 17 patients in a control group (catheter placed in position for over 150 days) on angiographs was 5.2 +/- 1.42 mm (mean +/- S.D) in the occlusion group and 6.1 +/- 1.77 mm in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p less than 0.05). Clinical symptoms and flow scintigraphy were useful for the diagnosis of hepatic arterial occlusion. However, recently, a frequent check of drug delivery has been necessary.
A study of FAM (5-FU, ADM, MMC) hepatic infusion chemotherapy via the left subclavian artery was performed in 40 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. The response rate was 61.1% (1 CR and 21 PR among 36 evaluable cases), and the 50% survival period was 11.6 months. CT imaging in the 22 responders was discussed. The CT scan images showed no remarkable changes except for tumor size in 10 cases (45.5%), a decrease of marginal density in 4 cases (18.2%), an increase of calcification in 2 cases (9.1%), dimpling sign in 3 cases (13.6%) and fatty liver degeneration and abscess formation in the hepatic duct in 1 case (4.5%). These findings on CT scan were important for evaluating the effects and side effects in patients receiving hepatic infusion chemotherapy, and provided useful information for follow-up.
Between 1971 and 1984, 179 patients with prostatic cancer were admitted to our Hospital. These cases were studied retrospectively. The greatest number of patients were in their seventies. The patients ranged from 55 to 90 years old with an average age of 72.4 years. The most common symptoms were dysuria, urinary retention, pollakisuria and macrohematuria. About 76% of the chief complaints were related to urinary tract obstruction. There were 64 (35.8%), 21 (11.7%), 38 (21.2%) and 56 (31.3%) cases of stage A, B, C and D, respectively. Prostatic cancer was confirmed histopathologically at transurethral resection in 146 patients, transrectal needle biopsy in 25 patients, open prostatectomy in 3 patients, autopsy in 4 patients, and cryosurgery in 1 patient. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates of 162 cases were 89, 70 and 55%, respectively. The 5-year actual survival rate of stage A, B, C, and D was 72, 67, 55 and 34%, respectively. The 5-year actual survival rate for the cases treated with and without anti-androgen therapy was 72% and 73% for stage A, 66% and 75% for stage B, 58% and 44% for stage C and 37% and 12% for stage D, respectively. The cases treated with anti-androgen therapy was divided into the low dose (diethylstilbestrol less than 300 mg/day or hexestrol less than 30 mg/day) and high dose (diethylstilbestrol greater than or equal to 300 mg/day or hexestrol greater than or equal to 30 mg/day) groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The asparagine-linked sugar chains of human milk galactosyltransferase were quantitatively released as oligosaccharides from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis. They were converted into radioactive oligosaccharides by sodium borotritiate reduction after N-acetylation, and fractionated by paper electrophoresis and by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography after sialidase treatment. Structural studies of each oligosaccharides by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis indicated that the galactosyltransferase contains bi, tri-, and probably tetra-antennary, complex-type oligosaccharides having alpha-D-Manp-(1----3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1----6)]-beta-D-Manp -(1----4)-beta-D- GlcpNac-(1----4)-alpha-L-[Fucp-(1----6)]-D-GlcNAc as their common core. Variation is produced by the different locations and numbers of the five different outer chains: beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc, alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1----4)]-D-GlcNAc, alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc, alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1----4)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1---- 3)-beta- D-Galp-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)]-D-GlcNAc, and alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D - Galp-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc.