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Biomedical subjects

T Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to T Ellis.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A review of the sheep-multiple sclerosis connection.

This paper reviews a notion that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high in global areas where sheep populations are concentrated. Pilot studies are reported to serum antibodies in humans to three sheep diseases; focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE), maedi visna and sarcocystis. In MS patients and controls antibodies were not found to the epsilon neurotoxin of the FSE organism, Clostridium welchii type D and to a caprine retrovirus that is closely related to maedi-visna virus. However, 34% of MS and control patients had antibodies to the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis spp., tissue cysts of which contain a powerful neurotoxin, sarcocystin. It is suggested that epidemiological MS prevalence rates for country areas of southern Australia require further study along with an examination for the prevalence of MS in vegetarians.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Protection of recently shorn sheep against adverse weather using plastic coats.

Sheep cold stressed for 10.5 h had plastic coats applied then the cold stress was continued. In 9 of 10 sheep (test group) showing hypothermia at the time coats were applied, body temperatures had returned to near normal 2.5 h later and to normal in 13.5 h. One sheep severely hypothermic before the coat was applied did not improve and was killed after 2.5 h. Sheep that were cold stressed without coats (wet controls) developed marked hypothermia and were killed between 10.5 h and 21 h. Rectal temperatures remained normal in controls that were cold stressed with coats on (coated wet controls) and in the controls not subjected to wetting (dry controls). Plasma cortisol increased markedly in the cold stressed sheep until plastic coats were applied, but the levels had fallen to normal levels 20 h later. Serum thyroxine levels increased at a faster rate in the test group and in wet controls than in the dry controls and coated wet controls during the first 9 h of cold stress. In 4 sheep of the test group energy utilisation increased markedly and remained high for a variable time after coats were applied then gradually returned to pre-cold stress levels. Liver tyrosine aminotransferase levels of the wet controls were markedly elevated compared to levels found in the test group sheep killed 79.5 h after coats were applied. Histological changes in the spleen and liver of wet controls was absent or only mildly present in the test group sheep. There was severe depletion of muscle and liver glycogen in the wet controls compared with the test group sheep, which were similar to the dry controls and coated wet controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Characterisation, experimental infection and serological response to caprine retrovirus.

A virus (151) isolated from synovial membrane explant cultures from a goat with arthritis-synovitis was characterised with respect to cytopathic effect in synovial membrane cell cultures, virus morphology, buoyant density and presence of RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Virus 151 was shown to be a retrovirus with similar properties to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in the United States of America. Inoculation of the virus into uninfected goats caused the development of arthritis-synovitis lesions and the virus was recovered from affected joints and lung 361 days post-inoculation. The development of antibody to virus 151 was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other goats with arthritis-synovitis, progressive pneumonia or viral leukoencephalomyelitis all had antibody that reacted in this ELISA. Viruses similar to virus 151 were recovered from a number of cases. Goats inoculated with one of the viruses produced serum antibody that cross-reacted in ELISA using maedi-visna virus and virus 151 as antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of colostrum deprivation of goat kids on the natural transmission of caprine retrovirus infection.

An investigation was conducted to determine if depriving goat kids of colostrum and rearing them away from the herd would prevent transmission of caprine retrovirus infection. Twenty-four newborn goat kids were deprived of colostrum and reared on cow's milk away from their dams from an endemically infected goat herd. Twenty-three colostrum-deprived kids had no evidence of retrovirus infection at birth. One kid had sucked briefly and obtained some colostrum resulting in passive transfer of antibody but it did not develop evidence of infection. Nineteen showed no serological evidence of infection over the 370 days of the study. One colostrum-deprived, segregated goat was subsequently found to be infected and developed arthritis-synovitis. Three had doubtful positive response in one or 2 serological tests during the period but no evidence of infection in leucocyte co-cultures. Cells centrifuged from colostrum of infected goats were co-cultivated with foetal goat synovial membrane cultures. Caprine retrovirus was isolated from cells in the colostrum from the 3 goats examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Long-term effects of oppositional child treatment with mothers as therapists and therapist trainers.

The follow-up data reported represent a long-term (3 to 9 years out of treatment) evaluation of 40 children who were clients of the Regional Intervention Program (RIP) from 1969 to 1978. As 3-, 4-, and 5-year olds, these youngsters exhibited severe and prolonged tantrums, continual opposition to adults' requests and commands, and physical aggression toward parents. Each child and mother participated in a standardized intervention package modeled after Wahler's Opposition Child Treatment. Results from school and home-based follow-up showed that: (a) commands, demands, or requests made by parents were likely to be followed by former clients' compliance; (b) former clients' social interactions in the homes were overwhelmingly positive and their nonsocial behavior was by and large appropriate; (c) parent behavior in the home was consistent with the child management skills taught many years ago; (d) there were no differences between the compliant, on-task, social interaction and appropriate/inappropriate nonsocial behaviors of former clients and randomly selected class peers; (e) there were no differences in teachers' commands, negative feedback, positive social reinforcement, and repeated commands that were directed toward either former clients or randomly selected class peers; (f) both teachers' and parents' rating of former clients on the modified Walker Problem Behavior Checklist were highly correlated; (g) there were no differences in teachers' rating of former clients and class peers; and (h) of all the studied demographic variables, only age that treatment began and family intactness were related to current levels of behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screw position affects dynamic compression plate strain in an in vitro fracture model.

OBJECTIVE: This investigation considers the effect of a variety of screw positions on plate strain in three fracture models. DESIGN: Dynamic compression plate fixation of in vitro fracture models. METHODS: To model a fracture, a plastic pipe was cut transversely and a twenty-hole dynamic compression plate was attached by screws. Eighteen stacked, rectangular, rosette strain gauges were installed on the plate to evaluate strain. Three models were evaluated: two constructs in which there was no contact between the cut ends of the pipe under the fixation plate (small-and large-gap models) and a construct in which there was direct apposition of the cut ends (no-gap model). The pattern and magnitude of strains were assessed as a function of varying combinations of screw position for each model. RESULTS: Maximal plate strain in the gap models was lowest with screws placed closest to the gap, compared with screws placed away from the gap or spaced apart. The no-gap model showed significantly lower strains when screws were placed further from the osteotomy site than when screws were positioned close together or spaced apart. In all cases, maximal plate strain occurred adjacent to the most central screw holes and rapidly dissipated along the length of the plate. CONCLUSION: In a model simulating a comminuted fracture (gap), this study found that screws should be placed as close to the fracture site as possible to minimize plate strain. In an anatomically reduced two-part fracture model (no gap), widely spaced screws or those placed away from the fracture resulted in lower strains.

Bone Screws↗