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Biomedical subjects

T El Gammal

Publications and source records attributed to T El Gammal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula: detection with MR cisternography.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to assess the role of MR cisternography in the examination of patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhea. METHODS: MR cisternography was performed as a heavily T2-weighted fast spin-echo study with fat suppression and video reversal of the images in 37 patients over a 3-year interval. Twenty-four of the patients subsequently had exploratory surgery for fistula. Statistical analysis of the surgical results was compared with the findings at MR cisternography. RESULTS: MR cisternography showed significant correlation with surgical findings, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.87, 0.57, and 0.78, respectively. CONCLUSION: MR cisternography proved to be an accurate diagnostic imaging technique in the evaluation of suspected CSF rhinorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of the brain in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Twenty-four computed tomographic scans of 12 patients with confirmed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis were studied using standardized techniques of radiological assessment. Abnormalities encountered were of four types--(1) lateral ventricular dilatation, (2) cerebral cortical atrophy and sylvian fissure widening, (3) low parenchymal attenuation, and (4) brainstem atrophy and cerebellar atrophy--and of varying degrees. The abnormalities correlated best with the stage and duration of disease, but not necessarily well with the patient's mental state. The fewest radiological abnormalities were encountered in the acute or early stages, whereas more signs of parenchymal disturbances in the form of low attenuations emerged during intermediate periods. Chronic periods were accompanied by atrophic changes in the form of cortical atrophy, ventricular dilatation, and brainstem cerebellar atrophy.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Giant posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm with dysphagia.

Presented is a case of giant aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery with the unusual clinical presentation of dysphagia to the point of inability to swallow even oral secretions, resulting in severe malnutrition. A computed tomography scan with contrast-medium enhancement appeared normal. The correct diagnosis was suspected from the results of metrizamide myelocisternography and was confirmed at angiography. The patient underwent ligation of the feeding right vertebral artery with subsequent improvement in her dysphagia and resolution of her other neurological deficits. Discussion of the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of this uncommon lesion is presented.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1984

High resolution computed tomography in neonatal nasopharyngeal teratoma.

A case of neonatal teratoma of the nasopharynx associated with polyhydramnios and respiratory distress is presented. Surgical excision was carried out after preoperative evaluation with high resolution CT. Computed tomography is valuable in distinguishing a teratomatous tumor and in searching for intracranial extension and malignant characteristics.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Interhemispheric subdural hematoma.

We have reported a case of primary interhemispheric subdural hematoma with successful surgical removal. Paresis of the lower extremity out of proportion to the arm and face may provide a clue to the location of the lesion. Although CT is the most valuable single diagnostic procedure, carotid angiography is needed to exclude a vascular lesion.

Hematoma, Subdural↗
PubMed1983

Lesions at the foramen of Monro: evaluation by computed tomography, angiography, and pneumoencephalography.

The majority of abnormalities at the foramen of Monro identified by computed tomography (CT) are colloid cysts, but a number of other diseases in this location may produce a similar CT appearance. In a series of 21 patients the radiologic findings included six colloid cysts, two neoplasms, five vascular lesions, three congenital neuroectodermal diseases, four infectious or granulomatous lesions, and one idiopathic calcified mass at the foramen of Monro. The neuroradiologic evaluation included contrast-enhanced and contrast-nonenhanced cranial CT scans and cerebral angiography in the majority of cases. Pneumoencephalography provided useful ancillary diagnostic information in four patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of the normal cervical cord by metrizamide myelography.

A modified C1-2 myelogram, using metrizamide (Amipaque), provides excellent visualization of the cervical spinal cord. The mean values of the sagittal diameter of the spinal cord are given in 100 selected cases. Comparison with these normal values is useful in the preliminary diagnosis of cervical cord atrophy versus syringohydromyelia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cerebellar atrophy in epilepsy and headache: lack of relationship to phenytoin.

CT scans of 70 patients with seizures and 48 patients with headaches were studied. Using accepted CT criteria for the diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy, the films were analyzed in a blind, unbiased fashion to evaluate possible relationship between cerebellar atrophy and phenytoin use or epilepsy itself. We found no evidence that either phenytoin or epilepsy caused cerebellar atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Role of computed tomography in the evaluation of therapy in cases of cranial metastatic neuroblastoma.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) is an extremely useful diagnostic modality in the evaluation and follow-up of children undergoing treatment for metastatic neuroblastoma. Information regarding the location, extent of the cranial metastatic lesions, and their response to treatment was provided by sequential CT examinations in three patients. Computed tomography showed nonneoplastic lesions in four patients treated by parenteral chemotherapy alone using vincristine and Cytoxan. We postulate that these lesions were neurotoxic sequelae of the prolonged chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Periventricular low attenuations: a normal finding in computerized tomographic scans of neonates?

Twenty-five of the initial computerized tomographic (CT) scans of 63 neonates had "definite" abnormalities. These abnormalities included dilated ventricles, advanced hypodensities extending beyond the periventricular areas, and varieties of hemorrhage. Thirty-six, with otherwise normal intracranial structures, were found to have localized periventricular frontal or frontooccipital areas of low attenuation. These areas were confined to the white matter of the periventricular area and have been identified by others as indicating "periventricular leukomalacia." In follow-up clinical studies on 26 of this latter groups, only two showed neurological abnormalities. Seven CT scans were repeated; only one was abnormal. In this case, the attenuations had disappeared, but were replaced by mild deep and cortical atrophy. The patient then showed findings suggesting a mild spastic diparesis and psychomotor delay. Our findings suggest that periventricular low attenuations in an otherwise normal CT scan are usually due to incomplete myelination or, at least, a transient abnormality. Periventricular low attenuation cannot be used as a diagnostic sign of periventricular leukomalacia, nor does it necessarily suggest an unfavorable prognosis.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1980

Cervical myelography and posterior fossa examinations with amipaque: use of magnification and subtraction.

Metrizamide (Amipaque) was introduced via a modified C1--C2 puncture with the patient in the oblique position to study the cervical spine and posterior fossa. Biplane magnification and subtraction were employed. Results were excellent and reproducible. Subtraction is needed to evaluate the cerebellopontine angles, where both sides can be examined using a single puncture.

Cerebellopontine Angle↗
PubMed1979

Intrathoracic meningoceles and neurofibromatosis.

We describe here four additional cases of intrathoracic meningoceles associated with neurofibromatosis, bringing the total number of reported cases of thoracic meningoceles to 88. Seventy-five (85%) have been associated with neurofibromatosis. Possibly, both dural and regional vertebral dysplasia are intrinsic to neurofibromatosis and contribute to the development of the meningocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The target sign: a CT finding in tumors of the corpus callosum.

An unusual computed tomography finding, the "target sign," is demonstrated in a patient with a corpus callosum tumor mass extending to the right lateral ventricle. The central low attenuation of the "target" is produced by the isolated part of the dilated lateral ventricle surrounded by tumor tissue, the dense area of the "target." The diagnosis of the tumor of the corpus callosum and the explanation of the "target sign" was made by polytome pneumoencephalography.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intrasellar subarachnoid herniation or empty sella associated with galactorrhea.

Eight of 115 patients with empty sella had concurrent galactorrhea. All 8 patients had abnormal sellae, and the diagnosis of empty sella was made by polytome pneumoencephalography. There were no obvious endocrine dysfunctions, but 2 patients had elevated prolactin levels. One mechanism for production of galactorrhea may involve compression of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary stalk; this was suggested by most of our observations. There may be a coincidental association of empty sella with galactorrhea, and this association is probably more common than previously noted. Evaluation of patients with galactorrhea and abnormal sellae by polytome pneumoencephalography is emphasized.

Adolescent↗