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Biomedical subjects

T Egeland

Publications and source records attributed to T Egeland.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Myeloid differentiation of purified CD34+ cells after stimulation with recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte-CSF, monocyte-CSF, and interleukin-3.

CD34+ cells isolated from bone marrow or umbilical cord blood from healthy donors were studied for proliferation and differentiation in liquid cultures in the presence of recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), monocyte CSF (M-CSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3), followed by immunophenotyping for myeloid and myeloid-associated cell surface markers. IL-3, either alone or together with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF, induced, on average, 50-fold cell multiplication, GM-CSF five fold to 10-fold, and G-CSF and M-CSF less than fivefold. Cells from cultures stimulated with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF alone contained cells with a "broad" myeloid profile, "broader" than observed in cultures with IL-3. However, since IL-3 induced rapid cell multiplication, high numbers of cells expressing early (CD13, CD33) and late myeloid markers (CD14, CD15) were recovered. The presence of other CSFs together with IL-3 did not alter the IL-3-induced effect on the cells. When 5,000 CD34+ cells were cultured with IL-3 alone, the cultures still contained 2,000 to 5,000 CD34+ cells after 14 days of culture, while cells cultured with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF contained less than 1,000 CD34+ cells. Furthermore, 1,000 to 3,000 cells were positive for the megakaryocytic lineage marker CD41b after cultures with GM-CSF or IL-3, while cultures with G-CSF or M-CSF did not contain detectable numbers of CD41b+ cells. Finally, erythroid cells could also be generated from purified CD34+ cells. The results show that IL-3 and GM-CSF can induce rapid proliferation of purified CD34+ cells in vitro with differentiation to multiple myeloid lineages, while certain subsets maintain expression of CD34.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

X-linked thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathia: attenuated Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Functional and morphological studies of platelets and lymphocytes.

Detailed studies on the rare disorder X-linked thrombocytopenia showed that it resembles the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) in inheritance, clinical bleeding tendency, platelet morphology, marked thrombocytopenia and microplatelets. The calculated platelet mass was 5% of normal. Functional and biochemical studies indicated qualitatively normal aggregation and release mechanisms, whereas a moderate storage pool defect was present. The classical platelet membrane glycoproteins and lymphocyte sialophorin (CD 43) were normal. The reason for the bleeding tendency was concluded to be deficient hemostatic plug formation resulting from the low platelet mass and a moderate storage pool defect. The only clear distinction from WAS was the normal immunofunctional tests, the moderate tendency to infections and the absence of eczema. We therefore consider the trait as an attenuated form of WAS. That women are affected may indicate a particular variant.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults. Results after fractionated whole body irradiation and high dosage cyclophosphamide and use of HLA-compatible sibling donors].

We present short and long-term results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after hyper-fractionated total body irradiation and high dose cyclophosphamide in ten patients treated for leukaemia during the period 1985-89. Three patients died from complications connected to the transplantation, while seven are living free from leukaemia 18 to 59 months after transplantation (mean 41 months). Two patients need treatment for chronic graft versus host disease. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is expensive and risky. Close cooperation between clinicians and laboratory specialists is essential. The treatment increases long term survival and probably cures certain patients with leukaemia. Some of these patients will need treatment for chronic graft versus host disease and other late sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[New therapeutic possibilities for leukemia in adults. Indications and progress measures for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

Marrow ablation with cytotoxic drugs and/or total body irradiation followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling cures many patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia. We have obtained good results with this treatment. Up to now the necessary funds to cover the minimal requirements for transplantations in Norway have not been granted. It is now possible to use unrelated, HLA-matched donors, which will more than double the need for allogeneic bone marrow transplantations within a few years. This article discusses indications, results, costs and practical procedures connected to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Rheumatoid arthritis may be primarily associated with HLA-DR4 molecules sharing a particular sequence at residues 67-74.

Genomic typing of in vitro amplified DNA with sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes was performed for DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1 alleles in 54 random Norwegian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 181 healthy controls. DRB1 alleles encoding the serological specificity DR4 were found in 80% of the patients, compared to 34% of the controls (relative risk = 7.9, p less than 0.0001). All DR4-positive RA patients carried either DRB1*0401 (Dw4), 0404 (Dw14), or 0405 (Dw15), while no patients were found to carry DRB1*0402 (Dw10) or 0403 (Dw13). The frequency of the DRB1*0101 allele encoding DR1 was not increased, even among DR4-negative RA patients, and we were unable to detect any sharing of other class II alleles among DR4-negative patients. No contribution of any DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 or DPB1 alleles to RA susceptibility could be detected. The results suggest that in the Norwegian population RA is primarily associated with a shared sequence at residues 67-74 of the DR beta 1 chain, but only when this sequence is expressed on DR4 molecules.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of a new malignant human T-cell line (PFI-285) sensitive to ascorbic acid.

A new malignant human T-cell line-labelled PFI-285-has been isolated from a boy with malignant lymphoma. Morphologically, the cells had characteristics of malignant lymphoid cells. The cells presented surface antigens as early cortical lymphocytes and proliferated non-adherently as single cells, independent of T-cell growth factor (IL-2), in liquid culture. The cells had undetectable levels of receptors for IL-2, were not clonogenic in soft agar, but did form tumors in nude mice. Their establishment and continuous growth in vitro was dependent on the number of cells inoculated and on the growth medium used. Cytogenetic alteration, HTLV-1 or reverse transcriptase activity were not detected. The production of known T-cell derived lymphokines such as IL-2, B-cell growth factor(s), alpha-interferon or granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating or inhibiting factor(s) was not detected. The cells had 5-8% natural killer (NK)-cell activity against NK-cell sensitive target cells (K562) and were not sensitive for NK cells. A most unusual characteristic was the pronounced sensitivity of the cells to ascorbic acid. Concentrations down to 50 mumol/l killed the cells within hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A study of the effect of rheumatoid synovial fluid on proliferation and IL-2 production by total mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ cells of synovial fluid and peripheral blood.

T cells from synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have previously been shown to proliferate less after mitogenic stimulation and produce less interleukin 2 (IL-2) than normal T cells. To test whether SF is responsible for the reduced T-cell responses, we studied the effect of inflammatory SF on peripheral blood (PB) RA and normal mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD4+ T cells and on RA SF MNC and CD4+ cells in vitro. Most rheumatoid SF present in concentrations of 50% and 5% during in vitro stimulation increased mitogen-induced IL-2 production and proliferative response by normal PB and RA MNC and CD4+ cells. Other rheumatoid SF samples did not influence the T cell responses, while only a few samples had an inhibitory effect. The results indicate that SF contain both stimulatory and inhibitory factors and that the resultant effect on T cells may depend on the net effect of these. The results do not support the hypothesis that the apparently impaired function of SF T cells is due to contact with SF.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Immunomagnetic depletion of CD6+ cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Depletion of donor CD6+ cells in HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been reported to reduce graft-versus-host disease without interfering with engraftment. We have established an immunomagnetic cell separation technique capable of producing a 2-3 log depletion of CD6+ cells. Median recovery of CD6- cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells was 65-70%, and cell viability was unaffected. Significant numbers of CD2+, CD3+ cells responsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), OKT3, recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and allogeneic cells remained after depletion, and the number of cells able to respond to stimulation with PHA and IL-2 in vitro was reduced by only 1-2 log. These observations are not easily reconciled with the ability of CD6 depletion to prevent GVHD, but raise the question whether the depletion causes a sufficient reduction of the T cell load or removes a critical T cell subset.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1989

alpha-Linolenic acid and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in three patients with omega-3 fatty acid deficiency: effect on lymphocyte function, plasma and red cell lipids, and prostanoid formation.

alpha-Linolenic acid deficiency is described in three patients. Observed clinical symptoms were hemorrhagic dermatitis, hemorrhagic folliculitis, skin atrophy, and scaly dermatitis. Supplementation with ethyl alpha-linolenate followed by a purified fish oil (EPA-oil) began to normalize symptoms within 10 d. The mitogenic response in isolated lymphocytes was reduced whereas the number of T lymphocytes increased significantly. Serum thromboxanes, urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGI2-M), and bleeding time were unaffected. The results indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal accumulation of erythrocyte omega-6 acids. The dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 acids required to obtain midnormal concentrations of omega-3 acids in plasma and erythrocyte lipids was estimated to be 350-400 mg/d (0.4% of calories), whereas the corresponding mean intake of alpha-linolenic acid was 990 mg/d (1.0% of calories). It is suggested that essential fatty acid requirement should be stated as grams or milligrams per day, similarly to other essential nutrients.

Dermatitis↗
PubMed1989

Expression of activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ cells from synovial fluid, synovial tissue, and peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory arthritides.

We studied the expression of the Tac antigen, the transferrin receptor (Tfr-R), HLA class II antigens (DR, DQ, DP), CD30, and Act 1 on purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from synovial fluid (SF), synovial tissue (ST), and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with non-RA inflammatory arthritides (not ST). Subfractionated T cells of PB from healthy individuals served as controls. SF CD4+ cells from RA and non-RA arthritides expressed the Tac antigen much more frequently than corresponding CD8+ cells (54 and 58% versus 16 and 17%). In contrast, SF CD8+ cells of both patient groups expressed the HLA class II antigens rather more frequently than the corresponding CD4+ cells (88 and 68% versus 72 and 40%). Tfr-R expression was low on CD4+ and CD8+ SF T cells from both patient groups. SF T cells did not express CD30, and their expression of Act 1 did not differ from that of normal PB T cells. The RA ST findings were similar to those of RA SF. The overall expression of activation markers on PB T cells of patients was slightly higher than on those of normal controls, and the RA group was slightly higher than the non-RA group. The results show that intra-articular T cells in arthritis are activated and that CD4+ and CD8+ subsets differ in their expression of Tac antigen and HLA class II antigens. There were also similar patterns of activation markers on both CD4+ and CD8+ SF cells from RA and non-RA arthritis patients, suggesting that several types of arthritis display a similar immunopathogenesis in the joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A functional study of purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides.

The purpose of this investigation was to study purified synovial fluid (SF) CD4+ and CD8+ cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory joint diseases (non-RA) with respect to the proliferative response to mitogens and recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Highly purified cell subsets were isolated by an immunomagnetic technique, and spontaneous proliferation as well as proliferative reSponses to rIL-2 and a combination of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (to substitute for accessory cells) were measured. Some patients had SF CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells with moderately increased spontaneous proliferation, but only the CD4+ cells of the two patient groups differed significantly from the peripheral blood (PB) T-cell subsets of healthy individuals who served as controls. The response to rIL-2 was variable but generally low, although about 50% of the CD4+ and 20% of the SF CD8+ cells of both patient groups expressed the Tac antigen. The response to PHA/PMA was significantly lower for RA SF CD4+ cells than for non-RA SF CD4+ cells, which again was lower than for normal PB CD4+ cells. SF CD8+ response to PMA/PHA by both groups of patients was somewhat decreased, but not significantly lower than in the controls. Thus, the CD4+ cells seemed functionally more deviant than the CD8+ cells in both patient groups, but the abnormality was most pronounced in the RA group. The results demonstrate that the previously reported diminished response to mitogens by SF mononuclear cells is present even when SF CD4+ cells are cultured alone. This indicates that these T cells have a reduced response, probably because of prior activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mitogen-induced interleukin 2 and gamma interferon production by CD4+ and CD8+ cells of patients with inflammatory arthritides. A comparison between cells from synovial fluid and peripheral blood.

The purpose of this study was to investigate interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory arthritides (non-RA). CD4+ and CD8+ cells were selected positively by immunomagnetic separation. Supernatants of unstimulated CD4+ and CD8+ cells from both compartments did not contain any detectable IL-2 or IFN-gamma, while supernatants of CD4+ and CD8+ cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and irradiated Raji cells mostly contained both cytokines. In vitro stimulated SF CD4+ cells gave supernatants with significantly less IL-2 than supernatants from PB CD4+ cells, while in vitro stimulated SF CD4+-cell supernatants contained significantly more IFN-gamma. SF CD4+-cell supernatants contained significantly more IL-2 than the parallel CD8+ supernatants, while there was no significant difference with regard to IFN-gamma content. The pattern of differences between SF- and PB-derived T cells was the same for the two groups of patients, but the SF CD4+ cells from RA patients produced significantly less IL-2 than the corresponding cells from the non-RA group. The difference between SF and PB T cells with regard to lymphokine production is probably related to various degrees of in vivo pre-activation. The results do not indicate a major T-cell deficiency in relation to lymphokine production in RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Positive selection of antigen-specific B lymphocytes by means of immunomagnetic particles.

This paper presents a method for the isolation of highly enriched antigen-specific B lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by means of an immunomagnetic procedure. The method is illustrated by the isolation of B cells positive for rheumatoid factors (RF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy blood donors. After Epstein-Barr virus transformation of isolated cells, more than 90% of the generated immunoglobulin-secreting cells produced RF in several experiments. Compared to the low frequency of B cells positive for RF in PBMC, this represents a 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold enrichment of antigen-specific B cells.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgM, IgA and IgG isotypes by a simple and sensitive ELISA. Discrimination between false and true IgG-RF.

An enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgM, IgA and IgG isotypes has been established. A complex of human serum albumin (HSA) and rabbit IgG anti-HSA antibodies is used as antigen for RF. The binding of RF is detected by stepwise additions of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgM, IgG or IgA, alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin, and substrate. The assay is simple and applicable to routine testing of large numbers of sera. It discriminates between false and true IgG-RF by papain digestion of sera that turn out positive by the screening for IgG-RF. Of 241 randomly selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as other rheumatoid and infectious diseases, 110 were Waaler-Rose-positive while 127 were IgM-RF-positive in ELISA. The correlation between the Waaler-Rose test and IgM-RF ELISA was highly significant (r = 0.82). By testing 65 of these sera (all IgM-RF positive), 25 (39%) were also true IgG-RF positive (42 (64%) in the screening). When 40 Waaler-Rose-positive RA patients were tested, 20 and 21 were also positive for IgG- and IgA-RF, respectively. Eight IgM-, one IgA- and no IgG-RF positive tests were recovered when 48 Waaler-Rose negative RA patients were studied.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

IgA and rheumatoid factor in ankylosing spondylitis.

The elevated serum IgA in seronegative arthritis and psoriasis is not well understood. We examined 112 patients with ankylosing spondylitis for IgA RF, IgG RF and IgM RF by an ELISA method. Two, two and ten patients were RF positive in each Ig class, respectively. Presence of RF was not correlated with Ig concentrations, with presence of HLA-B27, nor with clinical disease signs. It was concluded that RF may be seen in ankylosing spondylitis, but the increased IgA concentrations in such patients are not IgA RF.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1988

Immunoregulatory lymphokines in rheumatoid joints. III. B cell growth promoting activity of cells eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue.

Synovial fluid (SF) from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) and culture-supernatants of synovial tissue (ST) cells from RA patients and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients were examined for their ability to promote B cell growth. SF was not suitable for studying B cell growth promotion because with the anti-mu driven assay system employed, all 15 samples strongly inhibited B cell proliferation. Supernatants of in vitro unstimulated ST cells from RA and JRA patients affected B cell growth in different ways, ranging from strong inhibition to moderate stimulation. Supernatants of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy donors did not influence B cell proliferation. After phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of the ST cells and normal MNC, culture supernatants of RA ST cells and normal MNC all stimulated B-cell growth, while culture supernatants of PHA-stimulated JRA ST cells displayed a variable picture. The differences between PHA-supernatants from RA, JRA and normal MNC were not statistically significant. These results indicate that the inflamed synovia of JRA and RA patients contain cells that can produce soluble factors with B cell growth promoting activity. Some of the data in the study suggest that these factors are produced in vivo and thus might be responsible for the observed B-cell activation in joints of these patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗