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Biomedical subjects

T E Smith

Publications and source records attributed to T E Smith.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
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Multiregion contact systems for modelling STD epidemics.

This paper elicits properties of some multiregional contact systems for STD infections that are intended to assist the understanding of disease control strategies. To this end, a space-time SIS model is described that maintains the symmetry of contact that is inherent in the formation of sexual partnerships. It is demonstrated how the characteristic stability conditions of this model provide a framework for understanding the potential for sustained transmission after the introduction of the agent into a given region. Then, more complex SI specifications are derived that are particularly relevant to the transmission of HIV. These extensions include the introduction of alternative modes of travel and behavioural adaptations made in response to the circulation of HIV and the incidence of AIDS. The discussion suggests some additions to the systems that might enhance their applicability in practice.

Contact Tracing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: the anterior approach.

Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft was reported by Richter in 1792 after he examined an infant at autopsy and found a common lumen of esophagus and laryngotrachea. The next case was not noted until 1949 by Finlay. A recent review shows 40 cases in the world literature to date. Successful surgical approaches to some of these problems have basically employed a lateral pharyngotomy technique. In the case presented herein, the exact pathology was obscured by a severe tetralogy of Fallot and recurrent pneumonitis from a suspected high H-type tracheoesophageal fistula. The length of this cleft prompted an anterior approach with laryngo-fissure, cricoidotomy, and division of four tracheal rings for a complete and successful repair. Thorough endoscopy of all infants suspected of any laryngeal anomaly would yield an earlier diagnosis and opportunity for reconstruction of the cleft.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in transitional needs of high school students with and without learning disabilities.

Studies investigating the post-high-school vocational status of individuals with disabilities have frequently found that these individuals are more likely to be unemployed, underemployed, or employed part-time, when compared to nondisabled peers. Transition programs are needed for adolescents with disabilities to facilitate their vocational success. The current study surveyed 80 high school students with learning disabilities (LD) and 80 nondisabled (NLD) peers to determine their transitional needs. Results indicated that (a) more students with LD than NLD students are involved in transition programs; (b) career goals were established by the majority of both groups; (c) parents provided most of the assistance in making career decisions; and (d) twice as many NLD students as students with LD wanted to go to college, while twice as many students with LD as NLD students wanted to enter the job market. More students with LD than NLD students were aware of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services, but the number was still below 50%. The majority of the information about VR services came from the school.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning disabilities and vocational rehabilitation.

Students with learning disabilities have received services in special education programs for many years. Unfortunately, many of these students continue to need services after they exit high schools. Vocational rehabilitation has begun to provide services for young adults with learning disabilities; however, there continues to be a discrepancy between the number of adults with learning disabilities who need vocational rehabilitation services and those who are receiving them. This article describes the definitions and eligibility criteria used by vocational rehabilitation agencies to serve adults with learning disabilities. By understanding the vocational rehabilitation system, teachers, it is hoped, will be better able to access these services for their students with learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental retardation and learning disabilities: conceptual and applied issues.

The relationship between mental retardation and learning disabilities is clouded by conceptual issues and current practices in applied (i.e., educational and noneducational) settings. In this article, we initially discuss whether mental retardation can be considered a concomitant disability associated with learning disabilities or whether these two disabilities are mutually exclusive categories. Conceptual issues related to this question are then reviewed to provide a perspective for viewing these two traditional areas of exceptionality. Emerging areas of concern in term of definition, classification, etiology, and lifelong issues are addressed. Attention is then given to applied issues that have a direct effect on the lives of individuals with disabilities. Specific topics include educational curricula, instruction, inclusion, and adult services and supports.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pilot study of monoclonal antibody localization in subcutaneous and intracranial lung tumor xenografts after proton irradiation.

The purpose of this study was to determine if proton irradiation can increase the localization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in subcutaneous (s.c.) or intracranial (i.c.) human lung tumors xenotransplanted in athymic rats. Rats with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing (NCI-H441) tumors were irradiated using 3 different proton time-dose regimens, followed by 111In-ZCE025, an anti-CEA MAb, which was injected 2 hr after the last dose of irradiation, and the animals were euthanized 3 days later for biodistribution and other assays. Proton irradiation at 10 gray (Gy) as a single dose or in 2 Gy fractions given on 5 consecutive days increased the uptake of 111In-ZCE025 into s.c. tumors by 292% and 182%, respectively, compared to nonirradiated controls. No enhancement in radiolabeled MAb delivery was seen after hemibrain irradiation in animals with i.c. tumors. Histopathological examination of both implantation sites showed a viable poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a decrease in blood vessel density, a decrease in mitotic activity, and an increase in areas of necrosis following irradiation as compared with adjacent nonirradiated tissue. CEA expression was generally maintained in vivo in that the marker was detectable in the tumor, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Oxygen radical production by peripheral blood cells from s.c. and i.c. tumor-bearing rats exhibited strikingly different patterns of responsiveness. I.c. injected animals were 24% lighter than their s.c. injected counterparts, but no neurological signs of tumor progression were noted. The results indicate that proton irradiation can be used effectively to increase the delivery of radiolabeled MAb to s.c. implanted human lung tumor xenografts. However, in order to accomplish this in the brain, other radiation time-dose schedules and treatments may be needed.

Adenocarcinoma↗