Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T E Rohan

Publications and source records attributed to T E Rohan.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia.

The relation between diet and breast cancer was examined in a population-based case-control study conducted in Adelaide, South Australia, involving 451 case-control pairs aged 20-74 years. Cases were identified through the state cancer registry between April 1982 and July 1984; for each case, one age-matched control was selected from the electoral register. Dietary intake was measured by self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaires. There was little variation in risk across levels of daily intake of energy, protein, and total fat; for energy, the relative risk of breast cancer at the uppermost fifth of intake, relative to a risk of unity for the lowest fifth, was 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.86); for protein, the corresponding relative risk was 1.09 (95% CI 0.72-1.64), and for total fat, the relative risk was 0.90 (95% CI 0.59-1.38). Variation in risk in association with sugar and starch intake was also insubstantial, while for fiber, there was a nonuniform reduction in risk at the three uppermost fifths of intake. Risk varied little with level of retinol intake, but it decreased with increasing intake of beta-carotene, a trend that was statistically significant; the relative risk of breast cancer at the uppermost fifth of beta-carotene intake was 0.76 (95% CI 0.50-1.18). Multivariate adjustment for the effects of potentially confounding variables did not alter these patterns. The study does not support a role for dietary fat in the etiology of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The patho-epidemiology of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the female breast.

Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, especially when there is evidence of epithelial proliferation. There is no standard terminology for benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED), and this hinders direct comparisons between the various studies which have examined their pathology and their relationship to breast cancer. The present paper reviews previous classification schemes for BPED, and proposes an alternative system in which epitheliosis and blunt duct adenosis are the major features, the degree and pattern of the hyperplasias being graded separately. Adoption of this or a similar system as a standard should facilitate future comparative studies of these conditions. As BPED are apparently pre-malignant conditions, an understanding of their aetiology is important because it may help to elucidate the aetiology of breast carcinoma, and to open up avenues for its prevention. If BPED are precursors to breast carcinoma, then risk factors for BPED should also be risk factors for breast carcinoma. To date, in epidemiological studies of BPED, such concordance has not been demonstrated, as consistent risk factors for the BPED have not yet emerged. This may have resulted, at least in part, from differences in the histological categories included in the various studies. Therefore, collaboration between epidemiologists and pathologists may facilitate progress towards an understanding of BPED.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dietary zinc intake of pre-menopausal women.

Assessment of the diets of 73 pre-menopausal women completing dietary frequency questionnaires suggests that 11 per cent consume a daily average of less than 7.5 mg of zinc. A further 26 per cent consume less than 10 mg of zinc daily, an amount considered to approximate the average daily requirement. Dietary records from a second group of 18 working women (aged less than 35 y), covering periods from 6 to 76 days are also analysed. Of these, the zinc intake of 8 women averages less than 7.5 mg/day. The apparent zinc intake of all women shows large day-to-day fluctuations. The presence of such wide variability within individual eating patterns suggests that short-term estimates of dietary zinc intake cannot provide a reliable estimate of overall zinc nutriture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Retrospective assessment of dietary intake.

In studying the role of diet in chronic disease etiology, measurement of past intake may be of more relevance than measurement of that existing either at the time of or just preceding the clinical onset of disease. In 1983, in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, estimates of current and previous dietary intake were obtained, by use of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, from 70 individuals (37 male, 33 female), from each of whom an estimate of intake, using the same questionnaire, had been obtained three years earlier. Over this three-year period, median nutrient and energy intake had declined. In relative, if not absolute terms, individuals were able to make satisfactory retrospective estimates of original nutrient and energy intake; however, their retrospective estimates appeared to have been influenced by their current intakes. Nevertheless, the strong correlations observed between retrospective and original estimates of intake suggest that the semiquantitative food frequency method of retrospective dietary assessment allows a reliable relative ranking of individuals by nutrient intake within a population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Alcohol and ischemic heart disease: a review.

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that consumption of alcohol at moderate levels might be protective against IHD. The alcohol-IHD relationship appears to be U-shaped, so that the risk of IHD associated with moderate levels of alcohol consumption is lower than that for abstainers and heavy drinkers. However, the effects of alcohol upon the risk of IHD must be examined in the context of its overall effects upon health. When this is done, the potential benefits are not clear-cut. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence relating to the alcohol-IHD association, considers the mechanisms by which alcohol might exert its effects upon IHD risk, and suggests some avenues for future research in this area.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of short-term recall of age at menarche.

This study was conducted as part of the third annual follow-up of a cohort of 657 girls to test the accuracy of short-term recall of age at menarche. During the first and second annual follow-ups of the cohort, 101 girls had reported menarche. We sent questionnaires to these subjects at the third annual follow-up and asked them to recall the month and year of their menarche. Eighty-eight respondents returned their questionnaires with the relevant information. Overall, 59.1% of the respondents were able to recall their menarche with the exact month and year. The mean recall interval was 430 days. When the data were grouped by the interval of recall, higher accuracy was observed with a shorter interval of recall. With a mean interval of recall of 323 days, 66.1% of the subjects were able to recall their menarche correctly, whereas with a mean interval of 649 days, only 44.8% of the subjects were able to recall correctly.

Adolescent↗