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Biomedical subjects

T E Long

Publications and source records attributed to T E Long.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Revision functional endonasal sinus surgery.

Revision functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) is recommended for patients whose symptoms of chronic or recurrent sinusitis persist despite primary FESS, long-term maximal medical therapy, and no sign of other abnormalities as demonstrated by computed tomography. After analyzing the charts of 673 patients who underwent primary FESS, we reviewed the 63 cases of revision surgery performed between 1986 and 1989. This retrospective analysis presents the management and outcome of 16 children (less than 16 years) and 47 adults who had revision FESS. The overall success rate of revision FESS was 78%, with no major complications, reflecting the improved management of sinus disease offered by this procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ventilation tubes and prophylactic antibiotic eardrops.

Insertion of ventilation tubes has successfully remedied chronic otitis media with effusion in millions of children, but the procedure has been complicated by secondary infections and otorrhea in as many as 34% of the cases. Because infection at the time of surgery was suspected as the primary cause of these postoperative complications, short-term prophylaxis with antibiotic eardrops was proposed for averting secondary infections. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a 6-month prospective study in which 200 children had bilateral tube insertions. Antibiotic eardrops were administered to patients' right ears intraoperatively and for 3 days after surgery; left ears received no eardrops and served as controls. The prophylactic strategy did not significantly decrease the incidence of postoperative otorrhea in treated right ears compared with controls.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of methods of estimating variance components in pigs.

Components of variance due to average effects of genes (sigma 2g), environmental effects common to littermates (sigma 2c), and environmental effects peculiar to individual pigs (sigma 2e) were estimated (--) by the Pseudo Expectation Approach (PE). Data were litter size (LS), backfat (BF; centimeter) and ADG (kilograms/day) collected from the Nebraska Gene Pool swine population between 1967 and 1986. Mean square errors (MSE) for h--2 and c--2 (sigma--2g and sigma--2c divided by phenotypic variance) by PE and nested ANOVA and h2 estimated by offspring on parent regression (REGOP) were evaluated using simulation of 200 repetitions of the Nebraska Gene Pool population. Parameter values for sigma 2g, sigma 2c, and sigma 2e used in simulations were PE estimates from the Gene Pool population. Estimates of h2 from PE were .18 +/- .06 for LS, .56 +/- .06 for BF, and .16 +/- .05 for ADG. Estimates of c2 from PE were .01 +/- .03 for LS, .09 +/- .02 for BF, and .19 +/- .03 for ADG. Compared with REGOP, PE yielded h--2 with smaller MSE for BF and ADG and larger MSE for LS. The MSE of PE was smaller than the MSE of the nested ANOVA estimate for all estimates and traits. These results were interpreted to suggest that considerable gains in precision in estimation of genetic parameters could be achieved by accounting for all relationships in lieu of accounting for only half- and full-sib relationships or parent-offspring relationships.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Effects of selection of data on estimates of breeding values by three methods for litter size, backfat, and average daily gain in swine.

Estimated breeding value was calculated based on individual phenotype (SP), an index of individual phenotype and full- and half-sib family averages (SI), or Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Traits considered were litter size (LS), backfat (BF), and ADG. Estimated breeding values were calculated using all data and after deletion of the poorest 5, 10, 15, or 20% of the records for BF and ADG, or 4.8, 8, 13, or 21% of the records for LS. When all data were used, expected genetic gain from BLUP was greater than for SP by 22, 7, and 31% and greater than for SI by 10, 4, and 21% for LS, BF, and ADG, respectively. Expected genetic gain was 4, 0, and 3% lower for LS, BF, and ADG, respectively, for selection on breeding values estimated by SI after the poorest 20% of the records were deleted compared with selection on estimates by SI using all the data. Genetic gain using BLUP on data with the poorest 20% of the records deleted was reduced by 5, 2, and 8% for LS, BF, and ADG, respectively, compared with genetic gain using BLUP on all the data. The advantage in genetic gain of BLUP, with 20% of the poorest records deleted, over SP was 15, 5, and 21% for LS, BF, and ADG, respectively. Although BLUP is affected to a greater degree by deletion of records than is SP or SI, selection of swine using BLUP on field data would improve response to selection over the use of SP or SI.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Direct responses to selection for increased litter size, decreased age at puberty, or random selection following selection for ovulation rate in swine.

Nine generations of selection for high ovulation rate were followed by two generations of random selection and then eight generations of selection for increased litter size at birth, decreased age at puberty, or continued random selection in the high ovulation rate line. A control line was maintained with random selection. Line means were regressed on generation number and on cumulative selection differentials to estimate responses to selection and realized heritabilities. Genetic parameters also were estimated by mixed-model procedures, and genetic trends were estimated with an animal model. Response to selection for ovulation rate was about 3.7 eggs. Response in litter size to selection for ovulation rate was .089 +/- .058 pigs per generation. Average differences between the high ovulation rate and control lines over generations 10 to 20 were 2.86 corpora lutea and .74 pigs (P less than .05). The regression estimate of total response to selection for litter size was 1.06 pigs per litter (P less than .01), and the realized heritability was .15 +/- .05. When the animal model was used, the estimate of response was .48 pigs per litter. Total response in litter size to selection for ovulation rate and then litter size was estimated to be 1.8 and 1.4 pigs by the two methods. Total response to selection for decreased age at puberty was estimated to be -15.7 d (P less than .01) when data were analyzed by regression (realized heritability of .25 +/- .05) and -17.1 d using the animal model. No changes in litter size occurred in the line selected for decreased age at puberty. Analyses by regression methods and mixed-model procedures gave similar estimates of responses and very similar estimates of heritabilities.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Morbidity in pediatric tonsillectomy.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed in the pediatric age group. Previous literature on morbidity in tonsillectomy has dealt predominantly with postoperative hemorrhage. Children undergoing tonsillectomy were divided in a prospective and random fashion into eight study groups to evaluate postoperative morbidity as it relates to the surgical technique used (electrocautery, dissection, KTP laser), methods of hemostasis (electrocautery, suture ligature), and the use of postoperative antibiotics. A total of 80 children were evaluated. Using the parameters of morbidity as defined in this study, blunt dissection tonsillectomy using suture ligatures for hemostasis, without postoperative antibiotics was found to result in the least morbidity in the pediatric age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of errors in pedigree on three methods of estimating breeding value for litter size, backfat and average daily gain in swine.

Estimated breeding value (EBV) was calculated based on either individual phenotype (SP), an index of individual phenotype and full- and half-sib family averages (SI) or Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Calculations were done with correct data or data with 5, 10, 15 or 20% of the records per generation containing pedigree errors. Traits considered were litter size (LS), backfat (BF) and average daily gain (ADG). When data were correct, BLUP resulted in an advantage in expected genetic gain over SP of 22, 7.2 or 30.8% for LS, BF and ADG, respectively, and over SI of 9.6, 3.8 or 21.4%. When sire and dam pedigrees were incorrect for 20% of the pigs each generation, genetic gain using SI was reduced by 7, 2.5 or 6.5% and genetic gain using BLUP was reduced by 9.3, 3.2 or 12.4% for LS, BF and ADG, respectively. With 20% of the pedigrees in error, the advantages in genetic gain of using BLUP over SP, the method unaffected by errors in pedigree, were 10.5, 3.8 and 14.6% for LS, BF and ADG, respectively. These results suggest that, although BLUP is affected to a greater degree by pedigree errors than SP or SI, selection of swine using BLUP still would improve response to selection over the use of SP or SI.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Adipose plug myringoplasty: an alternative to formal myringoplasty techniques in children.

Adipose myringoplasty is presented as a simple and cost-effective technique in managing small tympanic membrane perforations in children. A review of 76 fat plug myringoplasties performed on 62 children with drum perforations over a 15-year period was done. Fifty-nine myringoplasties were postinflammatory and/or after extrusion of pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes. Sixteen were residual perforations following temporalis fascia tympanoplasty, and one was posttraumatic perforation. Criteria for selection, operative technique, and results are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) in the pediatric age group.

Functional endonasal sinus surgery has become a popular mode of surgical treatment for sinus disease in the United States. The literature has primarily addressed its use in the adult population. We present our series of 57 children who underwent functional endonasal sinus surgery. The children ranged in age from 3 to 15 years. Follow-up was from 3 to 13 months. Fifty-four of the patients were treated for chronic or recurrent sinus infections. Three patients were treated for complications of acute sinusitis. All patients tolerated the procedure well, and there were no major complications. We conclude that functional endonasal sinus surgery is a safe procedure in the pediatric age group. Although postoperative follow-up in the series was very short, early results appear encouraging. The technical approach is similar to that used in the adult procedure. The pediatric procedure, however, requires a follow-up nasal endoscopy under general anesthesia to achieve optimal results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Burnout and stress among employees at a state institution for mentally retarded persons.

The effects of burnout of 192 employees of a state institution were examined to determine whether these problems were different from conditions resulting from stress. Each subject completed a packet including the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Ivancevich's Job Stress Scale. For all groups, high burnout emerged in the form of low personal accomplishment, with moderate degrees of burnout measured by the Burnout Inventory subscales Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. One of the stress variables (underutilization) correlated significantly with one Burnout Inventory subscale (Emotional Exhaustion). Results generally indicated that stress and burnout were separate constructs that can be best thought of as distinct entities.

Adult↗