Lipoid cell tumor of the ovary: a cause of virilization in girls.
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Adrenal Rest Tumor↗
Biomedical subjects
T E Herman
Publications and source records attributed to T E Herman.
Unilateral carpal bone deformity in mother and son.
We report on a mother and son with unilateral absence of most of the proximal carpal bones, dysplasia of the distal row of carpal bones, and deformity of the forearm. Although carpal bone dysplasia has been reported in several congenital or progressive disorders, unilateral involvement with lack of progression makes this a distinct entity.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
The evolution of neonatal herpes encephalitis as demonstrated by cranial ultrasound with CT correlation.
Three neonates with herpes encephalitis had serial cranial ultrasound and CT studies performed during their hospitalization. Initially, subtle changes of diffuse brain edema were present but with no ventricular compression. A second phase revealed progressive brain edema with ventricular compression. A third phase with enlarging ventricles indicates developing encephalomalacia. Occasionally cyst formation may be noted within the cerebral white matter, a phenomenon initially more readily evident by ultrasound.
Brain↗
Low-dose flying spot digital radiography of the chest: sensitivity studies.
Standard film examinations of the chest were compared with low-dose flying spot digital radiographic examinations obtained with a prototype unit in 174 patients. Analysis of pooled data from a double-blind study of 120 patients showed that film was more sensitive than digital images in the detection of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities, that is, abnormal opacities, atelectasis, scar, and interstitial lung disease (P less than .05). Analysis of pooled data from a side-by-side study of 54 patients showed that the digital images were more sensitive than film in the detection of normal mediastinal and pleural soft-tissue contours, including the azygoesophageal recess, paraspinal line, and vertebral disk spaces (P less than .05). However, film was more sensitive than digital images in the detection of abnormalities of the lung, including scar, interstitial lung disease, septal lines, and the presence of vascular catheters (P less than .05). These findings suggest that low-dose flying spot digital radiography of the chest, as performed with this specific prototype unit, is not adequate to replace film in the detection of abnormalities of the lung parenchyma.
Adolescent↗
Hand radiographs in Russell-Silver syndrome.
Left-hand radiographs were analyzed for bone age of 15 patients with Russell-Silver syndrome. No single finding was pathognomonic. However, in children between 2 and 10 years of age, the concordance of significantly delayed maturation, clinodactyly, fifth middle or distal phalangeal hypoplasia, ivory epiphyses, and a second metacarpal pseudoepiphyses is suggestive and should prompt a search for the well-recognized clinical features of this condition.
Age Determination by Skeleton↗
Pelvic kidney in cloacal exstrophy.
Four of five patients with cloacal exstrophy seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1978 have had pelvic kidneys. This association is discussed and a possible embryological explanation considered.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Acquired ureteropelvic junction obstruction in childhood.
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is generally considered to be a congenital lesion or occasionally an intermittent phenomena relating to periods of increased urine flow. Acquired ureteropelvic junction obstruction without a recognizable secondary cause is quite unusual. We present a 5.5-year-old boy who, 4 years after repair of a right sided UPJ obstruction, developed a significant left-sided UPJ obstruction in a system which previously had been normal.
Child, Preschool↗
Correlation of pulmonary signs and symptoms with chest radiographs in the pediatric age group.
One hundred twenty-five pediatric emergency department patients were studied prospectively to determine whether any findings on the physical examination were predictive of abnormalities seen on chest radiograph. We attempted to find possible correlations between such clinical examination findings, recorded prior to radiographic examination, and three subgroups of radiographic findings: pneumonia, any major radiographic abnormality, and any radiographic abnormality whatsoever. The best screen for pneumonia was presence of fever (temperature greater than two standard deviations above age-related norms), with a sensitivity of 94% and a negative predictive value of 97%. The sign with highest positive and negative predictive value for the presence of any radiographic abnormalities was tachypnea. A subgroup with either normal breath sounds, or findings limited to wheezing, prolonged expiration, cough and/or rhonchi on chest examination proved to be at low risk for any major chest radiographic abnormality. Patients with other chest examination findings comprised a high-risk group with a 34% risk of a major radiographic abnormality, as compared to a 7% incidence in the low-risk group. Thus, absence of fever suggests absence of pneumonia, while chest examination findings other than wheezing, cough, prolonged expiration, or rhonchi significantly increase the likelihood of pneumonia in this population. Physical examination findings can help the clinician determine the need for chest radiography in the pediatric emergency patient.
Adolescent↗
Radiation dose reduction in the evaluation of scoliosis: an application of digital radiography.
This report documents the clinical testing of scanning beam digital radiography as an imaging method in patients with scoliosis. This type of digital imaging requires a skin exposure of only 2.4 mR (0.619 microC/kg) per image, compared with the lowest possible posteroanterior screen-film exposure of 10 mR (2.58 microC/kg) at the chest and 60 mR (15.48 microC/kg) at the lumbar spine. Digital radiographic and screen-film images were obtained on multiple test objects and 273 patients. Scoliosis measurements using screen-film radiographs and digital radiographs were comparable to within a mean difference of 1 degrees at many different degrees of severity. The low-dose digital images were found to be useful and accurate for the detection and measurement of scoliosis after the first screen-film radiographs have excluded tumors and structural abnormalities.
Adolescent↗
Radiation dose reduction during hysterosalpingography: an application of scanning-beam digital radiography.
Hysterosalpingography was performed in 31 patients by means of a low-dose scanning-beam digital radiographic system. The technique permits adequate evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities while allowing significant reduction in radiation: 2.4-mR (6.1 X 10(-7) C/kg) exposure to the skin and 0.7-mrad (7 X 10(-6) Gy) mean dose to the ovaries per image obtained. Sixteen patients demonstrated readily recognizable and documented abnormalities, corroborated by laparoscopy, laparotomy, or other supportive evidence.
Adolescent↗
Neonatal aortoiliac compression caused by a distended bladder.
Neonatal aortoiliac insufficiency caused by a distended urinary bladder is an unusual occurrence that can be difficult to distinguish from aortoiliac thrombosis. Real-time sonography can permit recognition of the abnormality, demonstration of the related pathophysiology, and exclusion of other causes of aortoiliac occlusion.
Aorta, Abdominal↗
Brief clinical report: syndrome of telecanthus, hypertelorism, strabismus, and pes cavus in father and son.
We report on a father and son who have telecanthus, hypertelorism, strabismus, and pes cavus. In addition, the son has hypospadias, bilateral inguinal hernia, clinodactyly and camptodactyly of fingers bilaterally, a small tissue mass on the tip of his nose, and radiographic findings including flared metaphyses of long bones and osteopenia.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Premature sternal fusion in gonadal dysgenesis with coarctation.
Gonadal dysgenesis and coarctation of the aorta were found in four patients to be associated with premature sternal fusion but possible etiologic relationship to shield chest deformity in suggested.
Aortic Coarctation↗
Small carpal bone surface area, a characteristic of Turner's syndrome.
An abnormality which has received little attention but may be easily recognized on radiographs of the hand of patients with Turner's syndrome is described. Eleven of thirty-one patients (35.5%) with Turner's syndrome were shown on radiographs of the hand to have a visually detectable smallness on the bone surface area of the carpus when compared to the area of the second through fifth metacarpals. Values for the "C/M" ratio (the area of the carpals divided by the area of the second through fifth metacarpals) were calculated for films of 31 individuals with gonadal dysgenesis and compared with those from bone age-matched films of seventy-six individuals with normal development of the hand and wrist. A consistent difference with minimal overlap was documented. For all of the films of patients with Turner's syndrome the C/M ratio averaged 89% of the value in the films of the controls. In the 11 patients in whose films smallness was visually apparent, the C/M ratio averaged 82% of controls while in those where the diminution was detected only by planimetry the C/M ratio averaged 91% of controls. The incidence of a diminished C/M ratio was compared with the incidence of four other previously described signs of Turner's syndrome; although not seen as often as the coarse reticular pattern or delayed bone age, the C/M sign was recognizable without planimetry at least as commonly as the "metacarpal sign," and a decreased carpal angle and/or Madelung's deformity. Taken together, these several criteria suggest the radiographic diagnosis of Turner's syndrome in more than 93% of cases.
Adolescent↗
[False mass of the thoracic wall in obese adolescent girls].
Each of four obese adolescent females were thought to have pre-sternal anterior chest wall "masses" when evaluated by lateral chest radiograph. All had normal physical examinations. The apparent chest wall masses were found to be an artifact created by partial midline contact of both, large breasts, surrounded by a partial midline air space adding contrast to the adjacent soft tissue. Manual abduction of the breasts was followed by disappearance of the apparent radiographic abnormality.
Adolescent↗
Low-dose transaxial tomography. An alternative to computed tomography for the evaluation of anteversion of the femur during childhood.
Low-dose transaxial tomography is a technique that can produce cross-sectional images of the hips and femurs in children to permit calculation of the angle of femoral anteversion. Transaxial tomography was compared with computed tomography in terms of measured radiation dose and image quality. Transaxial tomography was found to require at least 90% less radiation dose, and the images were judged to be acceptable for the determination of anteversion.
Child↗
Esophageal stricture secondary to drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a cutaneous disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Esophageal stricture has rarely been reported following recovery from this abnormality. A case is presented demonstrating the occurrence of an esophageal stricture following successful therapy. New methods of treatment are changing the mortality and morbidity such that esophageal stricture will be observed more frequently.
Amoxicillin↗
Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst in a neonate with primary obstructive megaureter.
The case of a newborn infant with a high-grade ureterovesical junction obstruction--a primary obstructive megaureter--who presented with a perirenal pseudocyst (urinoma) is discussed. Radionuclide studies allowed recognition of this collection and led to the discovery of the ureteral obstruction. The rarity of urinomas in neonates and the scintigraphic appearance of urinomas are emphasized.
Humans↗