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Biomedical subjects

T E Gudmundsen

Publications and source records attributed to T E Gudmundsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Frequency and timing of clinical venous thromboembolism after major joint surgery.

Over a 13-year period we studied all patients who underwent major hip and knee surgery and were diagnosed with objectively confirmed symptomatic venous thromboembolism, either deep venous thrombosis or non-fatal pulmonary embolism, within six months after surgery. Low-molecular-weight heparin had been given while the patients were in hospital. There were 5607 patients. The cumulative incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism was 2.7% (150 of 5607), of which 1.1% had developed pulmonary embolism, 1.5% had deep venous thrombosis and 0.6% had both. Patients presented with deep venous thrombosis at a median of 24 days and pulmonary embolism at 17 days after surgery for hip fracture. After total hip replacement, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurred at a median of 21 and 34 days respectively. After total knee replacement, the median time to the presentation of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 20 and 12 days respectively. The cumulative risk of venous thromboembolism lasted for up to three months after hip surgery and for one month after total knee replacement. Venous thromboembolism was diagnosed after discharge from hospital in 70% of patients who developed this complication. Despite hospital-based thromboprophylaxis, most cases of clinical venous thromboembolism occur after discharge and at different times according to the operation performed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Acute osteomyelitis as a complication of varicella.

Varicella is a common viral infection in childhood, and acute osteomyelitis is one of the rare but serious complications. We report two cases of osteomyelitis as a complication of varicella. The possibilities and limitations of the different imaging modalities are discussed, as well as imaging findings during the course of this condition.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed2000

Late occurring clinical deep vein thrombosis in joint-operated patients.

In a prospective study of 4,840 patients, we determined the annual incidence of clinical deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in mobilized, discharged orthopedic-operated "high-risk" patients (hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, nailed hip fracture) and assumed "low-risk" patients (diagnostic knee arthroscopy). In addition, the time from the operation to the time when the patients were readmitted with clinically suspected DVT and the distribution of radiologically-confirmed DVT were recorded. Thromboprophylaxis was routinely given for about 10 days to the high-risk groups during the hospital stay but not to patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. During 9 years, the annual incidence of DVT following major procedures was 2.1% (95% CI 1.6-2.6) vs. 0.6% (95% CI 0.2-1.1) after diagnostic knee arthroscopy. Symptoms appeared, on average, 27 (3-150) days after total hip replacement surgery, 36 (3-150) days after nailed hip fracture, 17 (6-30) days after total knee replacement and 1 (1-6) day after knee arthroscopy. In hip-operated patients, 50% of the DVTs were found in the proximal veins vs. 40% following knee arthroplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Osteomyelitis as a complication of varicella].

Osteomyelitis is a rare complication after varicella. It should, however, be considered in any child who develops pain in a limb during or after a varicella infection. An 18 month old boy with a five day history of varicella infection was hospitalized. Movement of his right arm made him cry intensively. Blood cultures showed growth of group A beta haemolytic streptococcus. The day after admission to hospital the bone scintigrams showed increased activity in the right humeral diaphysis consistent with osteomyelitis, and penicillin therapy was started. On radiograms of the right humerus performed on the second day, no pathological changes could be shown. Radiograms after ten days showed irregular osteolytic lesions in the upper part of the humeral diaphysis. Clinically, the boy improved rapidly and could be dismissed from hospital after 17 days. Follow-up radiograms showed slowly normalized conditions, and five months after the start of symptoms, no pathological changes should be demonstrated.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1998

Three dimensional CT evaluation of occipito-atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Involvement of the upper cervical spine, with possible instability and dislocation of the atlanto-axial-cervico-occipital joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is routinely monitored with conventional radiographs. As disease progresses severe interpretation problems occur, especially when looking for cranial migration of the odontoid process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether three dimensional CT examination should be considered for such monitoring. After clinical and biochemical examination of 20 consecutive patients, diagnostic information about cranial migration of the odontoid process was obtained by conventional radiograms and by three dimensional CT examination. When using conventional radiographs the odontoid process and the its relation to the skull base could be outlined in 8 of the 20 patients. whereas all bony structures could be well demonstrated on the CT examination and the degree of cranial migration into the foramen magnum could be quantified. Three dimensional CT should be considered as a reliable examination for monitoring RA patients with involvement of the upper cervical spine and a possible cranial migration of the odontoid process.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Krukenberg tumor. A seldom considered condition?].

In 1896, Krukenberg described what he presumed was a new type of primary ovarian neoplasm. The true metastatic nature of this lesion was established six years later. Some 10% of all ovarian malignant lesions are regarded as metastatic. Of these, approximately 50% are Krukenberg tumours. The tumour is well defined histologically and is usually secondary to a tumour in the gastrointestinal tract. We describe the case of a 48 year old woman with gastric cancer who, three years after diagnosis and subsequent total gastrectomy, was referred to us for observation with peritoneal involvement. We stress the importance of careful clinical and radiological follow-up of female patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Abnormality as differential diagnosis in atlas fracture].

In some patients, suspected fractures of the cranial part of the cervical spine are difficult to diagnose properly without the use of computed tomography or MT. In addition to imaging and positioning problems, the possibility of anomalies of the atlas vertebra may complicate the diagnostic considerations. Proper knowledge of such anomalies may facilitate the diagnostic procedures. The diagnostic problems are discussed, and are illustrated through two patients recently examined in our department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis: report of a Norwegian family with radiographic or anamnestic findings differing from the generally accepted classification.

OBJECTIVE: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis is currently divided into two, possibly three subgroups. The present study of a Norwegian family, however, suggests that such a grouping is not generally valid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A Norwegian family has been studied over four generations. Information about the two older generations was obtained mainly from hospital files and by interviewing members of the family. Radiographs were obtained from the two younger generations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of a total 14 family members, nine patients consisting of six women and three men were studied. Within the same family, patients could be classified as belonging to different subgroups of osteopetrosis defined elsewhere, and at least three of them could be classified as belonging to more than one group. The present study suggests that the generally accepted classification of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis should be questioned.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Arteriovenous fistula as a complication of percutaneous renal biopsy].

Arteriovenous fistulae is a well known but rarely diagnosed complication of percutaneous biopsy of kidney allografts. In most cases the fistula are clinically occult. Most of the remaining fistulas disappear spontaneously. However they may result in severe bleeding, uncontrollable hypertension or deterioration of renal function. These are features that may require correction, either surgically or by arteriographic embolition. Between 1991 and 1994 arteriovenous fistulas were identified in two patients who had undergone percutaneous renal biopsy. In our cases the fistulas never became clinically significant.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. Pattern of examinations during the period 1975-90].

The procedures used for imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, the gall bladder and the bile ducts were registered in six Norwegian hospitals during the period 1975-90. Data obtained from all hospitals showed a significant decrease in radiological examinations of the stomach and the large bowel, and a dramatic decrease of such examinations in the case of the gall bladder and bile ducts. The changes are mainly due to the increasing use of newer methods such as ultrasonography, gastroscopy and colonoscopy. The shift in the pattern of examinations, as shown in the present study, may well have many implications for patients and for the health service as a whole.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Synovial chondromatosis].

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare monarticular condition in which cartilaginous masses are formed by metaplasia of the synovial membrane. These masses may calcify and ossify. The disease most commonly affects the knee, and the symptoms include pain, swelling, locking and palpable loose bodies. Although the clinical features are usually non-specific, the roentgenograms often provide important diagnostic information. Synovial chondromatosis is rarely a difficult diagnostic problem, but should not be confused with other disorders that give rise to loose bodies, such as degenerative joint disease and osteochondritis dissecans. Two cases are described and synovial chondromatosis is discussed in some detail, including radiological features and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Radiological examinations of the urinary tract. Changes during the last 24 years.

Procedures for imaging the urinary tract have been recorded in six Norwegian hospitals for the last 24 years. For three of the hospitals, data were collected from 1965 to 1989, and for the other three from 1966, 1971 and 1975, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the number of intravenous pyelograms, voiding cystograms, and renal angiograms, but the number of retrograde pyelograms and plain radiographs of the urinary tract remained constant. Computed tomography of the urinary tract increased during the first years, but after the introduction of ultrasonography, the number of computed tomograms decreased. Ultrasonographic examinations of the urinary tract are still rapidly increasing, and seem to have replaced some of the other imaging techniques. The present results should be taken into consideration when planning the health care for the future.

Angiography↗
PubMed1991

[Primary peritonitis in children].

Primary peritonitis occurs rarely in childhood. The causative microbe is usually either streptococcus or pneumococcus. However, the incidence of gram negative anaerobic bacteria is increasing. The bacteria are cultured from fluid taken from the abdominal cavity during celiotomy. The abdominal viscera are normal, which excludes secondary peritonitis. We discuss the case of an infant who presented this disease entity.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Salivary gland ultrasonography].

Many pathologic conditions of the salivary gland are diagnosed clinically. Until a few years ago, supplementary radiographic methods have only included plain film radiography and sialography. Both methods vary in usefulness, and the indications are controversial. During the last two decades other imaging methods, both radiographic and non-radiographic, have been used, and have provided clinically useful information. Probably the most useful of these is ultrasonography. Because the salivary glands are superficial structures they lend themselves well to ultrasonographic evaluation. Although sialography should still be the method of choice for some conditions, ultrasonography alone will often give the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of sonography for imaging pathologic conditions of the salivary glands.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The examination pattern at an x-ray department over a 25 year period].

The pattern of examinations at the x-ray department of Buskerud sentralsykehus has changed over the last 25 years. Heart- lung- and skeleton examinations remain unchanged, and represent 71 to 79% of the total number, but there has been a marked charge in other examinations. Through the years there has been a marked decline in the number of "classical" contrast medium examinations of gallbladder/gall-paths, gastroduodenal examinations and intravenous pyelography. Air-encephalography has disappeared, and arthrography is about to disappear as an x-ray examination. New methods, such as computer-tomography and ultrasonography and non-radiological examinations, such as gastroscopy and arthroscopy, seem to be the main reason for this change, but other factors, such as change in disease patterns and therapeutic procedures may also have contributed.

Norway↗
PubMed1990

[Crossed renal ectopia with nephrolithiasis].

Crossed unfused renal ectopia is an uncommon anomaly in which one of the uretes crosses the midline from the kidney to the vesical orifice on the opposite side. We report one case of crossed unfused renal ectopia, nephrolithiasis and pain on the side opposite to the renal mass.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Retrograde ileography. Contrast imaging of the terminal ileum by colonoscopy].

The distal ileum, the segment most frequently affected by small intestinal disease, may be difficult to visualize by conventional x-ray techniques. In recent years various methods have been described for retrograde ileography during or after colonoscopy. However, these methods require special equipment and may be difficult to perform in practice. We have therefore tried out a somewhat modified technique. Patients with suspected distal ileal disease are examined on a fluoroscopy table at the x-ray department. When necessary, biopsies are taken during the introduction of the scope. With the tip of the colonoscope in the terminal ileum (or coecum) a catheter is introduced through the biopsy channel into the distal ileum. Water-soluble contrast (Mixobar) is then instilled under fluoroscopic control and films are taken in the supine, oblique and prone positions. Owing to gas already present in the ileum a double contrast effect is obtained. The ileography is completed in 5-10 minutes and entails no additional discomfort for the patient. The technique is easy to learn and requires no special equipment. It does not obviate the need for conventional small bowel enema, but may be a valuable supplement to this examination when distal ileal pathology is suspected.

Colonoscopes↗