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Biomedical subjects

T E Brown

Publications and source records attributed to T E Brown.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Dance of the dialectic? some reflections (polemic and otherwise) on the present state of nineteenth-century asylum studies.

The 1970s witnessed an intense, often acrimonious debate between revisionist and Whig/neo-Whig historians over the origins and nature of the nineteenth-century asylum experience. By the early 1980s, however, there had emerged no ""new synthesis" (as one might have expected given the dialectical nature of the historical enterprise) but rather a new counter-revisionist paradigm grounded in the precepts of the "new social history." This counter-revisionist paradigm has become, in turn, the "new orthodoxy" in asylum studies in the 1990s. This article argues that the counter-revisionist account is itself highly problematic, offering no convincing synthetic overview of the nineteenth-century asylum experience.

Historiography↗
PubMed1993

Important influence of respiration on human R-R interval power spectra is largely ignored.

Frequency-domain analyses of R-R intervals are used widely to estimate levels of autonomic neural traffic to the human heart. Because respiration modulates autonomic activity, we determined for nine healthy subjects the influence of breathing frequency and tidal volume on R-R interval power spectra (fast-Fourier transform method). We also surveyed published literature to determine current practices in this burgeoning field of scientific inquiry. Supine subjects breathed at rates of 6, 7.5, 10, 15, 17.1, 20, and 24 breaths/min and with nominal tidal volumes of 1,000 and 1,500 ml. R-R interval power at respiratory and low (0.06-0.14 Hz) frequencies declined significantly as breathing frequency increased. R-R interval power at respiratory frequencies was significantly greater at a tidal volume of 1,500 than 1,000 ml. Neither breathing frequency nor tidal volume influenced average R-R intervals significantly. Our review of studies reporting human R-R interval power spectra showed that 51% of the studies controlled respiratory rate, 11% controlled tidal volume, and 11% controlled both respiratory rate and tidal volume. The major implications of our analyses are that breathing parameters strongly influence low-frequency as well as respiratory frequency R-R interval power spectra and that this influence is largely ignored in published research.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hydrostatic weighing without head submersion: description of a method.

Hydrostatic weighing (HW) was performed at residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity without head submersion (TLCNS). Ninety-five males (25.6 +/- 4.9 yr) and 87 females (22.6 +/- 5.2 yr) were studied at two laboratory sites using identical protocols. Twenty males and 20 females were separated from the original group and randomly assigned to cross-validation groups. RVs were determined by the oxygen dilution method. Vital capacity was determined with the subject submerged in water to the shoulders. Underwater weight was determined using 10 trials at RV and 5 trials at TLCNS, with the order of methods randomly assigned. Regression analysis provided an equation to predict body density (pDb) at RV from body density (Db) at TLCNS. The equation for males was pDb (HW at RV) = 0.5829 (DbHW at TLCNS) + 0.4059, r = 0.88, SEE = 0.0067. The equation for females was pDb (HW at RV) = 0.4745 (DbHW at TLCNS) + 0.5173, r = 0.85, SEE = 0.0061. Cross-validation showed no significant differences using Db from HW at RV (males = 1.0626 g.ml-1, females = 1.0493 g.ml-1 and pDb from HW at TLCNS (males = 1.0625 g.ml-1, females = 1.0479 g.ml-1). The correlation coefficient SEE and total error for males were r = 0.95, 0.0043, and 0.0041, respectively and for females r = 0.82, 0.0084, and 0.0085, respectively. Mean percent fat for RV and TLCNS was identical for males and differed by 0.7% for females. Test-re-test data indicated the TLCNS procedure was reliable (r = 0.98).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Anatomic staple closure of midline incision of the upper part of the abdomen.

Using this technique of anatomic fascial staple closure, we have not seen a single wound disruption in nearly 800 patients. In the seven patients who had incisional hernias develop, all but one hernia occurred just above the umbilicus where the degree of fascial fiber dicussation was attenuated. In properly selected patients, our method of staple closure results in substantially decreased operating time and yields a dependable closure associated with minimal morbidity.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1983

Natural killer cell function and lymphocyte subpopulation profiles in inflammatory bowel disease.

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte subpopulation profiles were studied in 23 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in 16 healthy control subjects. NK activity was assessed by a 4-hr 51Cr release assay using K-562 erythroleukemia cell line targets. Both monocyte depleted and nondepleted lymphocyte preparations were tested using 50:1 and 25:1 effector to target cell ratios. Lymphocyte subpopulation profiles were determined by incubation of cell suspensions with the monoclonal anti-lymphocyte antibodies (OK-M1, OK-T4, Leu-4 and Leu-2) labeling with goat anti-mouse FITC and sorting by flow cytometry on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). NK activity in patients with IBD showed wide variation, but mean activity was not significantly different from normal controls. Analysis of patient subgroups by disease activity, disease type, duration or treatment also failed to reveal significant differences from controls. Parallel measurements of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations using these phenotypic markers revealed no significant differences between patients with IBD and control subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between aerobic fitness and certain cardiovascular risk factors.

Aerobic fitness and the incidence of risk factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) were compared for 2501 Canadian servicemen 18-50 years of age. Aerobic power (VO2max) was predicted from heart rate measured during submaximal bicycle exercise. The risk factors--serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood pressure and body fat (sum of three skinfolds)--were measured; the incidence of cigarette smoking was obtained from a questionnaire. The total population tested was divided into three age groups which were subdivided into four fitness categories. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between fitness category and the mean values for all measured risk factors. Although this relationship was most evident in the older subjects, it is significant that it was also present in men under 30 years of age. A similar inverse relationship was demonstrated for all age groups between fitness category and the percent of subjects considered to have an elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, or skinfold thickness. The incidence of cigarette smoking was inversely related to fitness category only in those 30 years of age and over. Although this type of cross-sectional study does not establish cause and effect, there is evidence to suggest that participation in a program to improve physical fitness may lead the individual to modify other components of his lifestyle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychotherapy in the residential treatment of the borderline child.

The concept of borderline diagnosis is defined and the goals of residential treatment are delineated. The specific aims and techniques of psychotherapy are then outlined. Concomitant work with parents is utilized. The importance of working through during termination is noted.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1976

The immunosuppressive mechanism of azathioprine. I. In vitro effect on lymphocyte function in the baboon.

The effect of azathioprine on in vitro baboon lymphocyte function tests was evaluated using the mitogen stimulation test, the mixed lymphocyte culture test, the migration inhibition factor test, the cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity test and the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity test. It was found that azathioprine inhibited phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A stimulation at lower concentrations than those required to inhibit pokeweed mitogen stimulation. It inhibited the MLC reaction with as little as 0.2 mug/culture in the microculture system. Azathioprine had no effect on (a) the release of migration inhibition factor, (b) the cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity assay if presensitized cells were used, and (c) the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. However, azathioprine inhibited CML if it was added during in vitro sensitization and induction of killer cells. These in vitro results suggest that azathioprine inhibits those reactions which require cellular division.

Animals↗