The relative abilities of Pediococcus cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, and several other species of lactic acid bacteria to grow and produce acid in brined cucumbers were evaluated in pure culture fermentations. Such fermentations were made possibly by the use of two techniques, gamma radiation (0.83 to 1.00 Mrad) and hot-water blanching (66 to 80 C for 5 min), designed first to rid the cucumbers of naturally occurring, interfering, and competitive microbial groups prior to brining, followed by inoculation with the desired lactic acid bacteria. Of the nine species tested, strains of the three common to cucumber fermentations, P. cerevisiae, L. plantarum, and L. brevis, grew to the highest populations, and produced the highest levels of brine acidity and the lowest pH values in fermentations at 5.4 to 5.6% NaCl by weight; also, their sequence of active development in fermentations, with the use of a three-species mixture for inoculation, was in the species order just named. This sequence of occurrence was similar to that estimated by others for natural fermentations. The rates of growth and acid production in fermentations with a mixture of P. cerevisiae, L. plantarum, and L. brevis increased as the incubation temperature was increased from 21 to 27 to 32 C; however, the maximal populations and acidities attained were essentially the same for fermentations at each temperature. Further, these same three species were found to be the most salt tolerant of those tested; their upper limit for appreciable growth and measurable acid production was about 8% salt, whereas thermophilic species such as L. thermophilus, L. lactis, L. helveticus, L. fermenti, and L. delbrueckii exhibited a much lower salt tolerance, ranging from about 2.5 to 4.0%. However, certain strains of L. delbrueckii grew very rapidly in cucumbers brined at 2.5 to 3.0% salt, and produced sufficient acid in about 30 hr at 48 C to reduce the brine pH from above 7.0 to below 4.0. An inexpensive, pure culture fermentor which was suitable for gamma radiation, resistant to salt and acid, and which permitted repeated aseptic sampling of the fermenting brine, is illustrated and the specifications are given.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lichen planus following quinidine therapy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder arthroscopy: its role in evaluating shoulder disorders in the athlete.

We retrospectively reviewed 100 initial shoulder arthroscopies from a general sports medicine orthopaedic practice to determine if arthroscopy is helpful diagnostically and to see if specific lesions correlate well with specific diagnoses. Seventy-two percent of the patients in the review had glenoid labral tears. Ninety-two percent of patients who had a diagnosis of either recurrent anterior dislocation or recurrent anterior subluxation demonstrated a tear of the anterior inferior margin of the glenoid labrum. Sixty-eight percent of patients with a diagnosis of impingement demonstrated tears at the superior margin of the labrum. There was a significant difference between throwing and nonthrowing athletes. Partial rotator cuff tears were noted in 18 patients, the majority occurring in throwing athletes. Other abnormalities, such as degenerative joint changes and biceps tendon lesions, were also noted at the time of arthroscopy. A large number of glenoid labral tears found at the time of arthroscopy appeared to be associated with conditions other than instability, which may or may not affect the throwing athlete. There also appeared to be a high correlation between tears in the anterior inferior glenoid labrum and anterior instability. Arthroscopy enabled us to identify other significant information about the status of the biceps tendon or the undersurface of the rotator cuff. These are areas in which problems might otherwise have been missed. Degenerative changes of the articular surface, not apparent on plain radiographs, may also be better evaluated arthroscopically.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Posterior shoulder instability. Surgical versus conservative results with evaluation of glenoid version.

We conducted a retrospective study on 50 patients with recurrent posterior shoulder instability. Twenty-five patients were treated conservatively with a specific rehabilitation program strengthening the rotator cuff. The other 25 patients, who did not improve with rehabilitation, underwent surgical reconstruction, the majority of these being soft tissue repairs. Recurrence in the surgically treated group averaged 72% while that in the conservatively treated group was 96%. However, 50% of those patients treated surgically and 68% of those treated conservatively felt their symptoms were improved. In view of the high recurrence rate with soft tissue reconstruction, computed tomography scans were obtained to evaluate glenoid version. Those patients with posterior shoulder instability were found to have increased glenoid retroversion when compared to an uninjured population (P less than 0.05). Our conclusions based on this study were that 1) specific therapy in the form of rotator cuff strengthening should be the initial form of treatment in patients with posterior shoulder instability, 2) soft tissue surgery has a high rate of recurrence, 3) the return to sports is variable, 4) there appears to be an increased incidence of glenoid retroversion in this patient population, and 5) the incidence of posttraumatic arthritis is low.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective study of osseous, articular, and meniscal lesions in recent anterior cruciate ligament tears by magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy.

Fifty-four patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears that were arthroscopically reconstructed within 3 months of initial injury were prospectively evaluated. Patients with grade 3 medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, or posterior cruciate ligament tears were excluded. Eighty percent of our patients had a bone bruise present on the magnetic resonance image, with 68% in the lateral femoral condyle. Two of the latter findings--an abnormal articular cartilage signal (P = 0.02) and a thin and impacted subchondral bone (P = 0.03)--had a significant relationship with injury to the overlying articular cartilage. Meniscal tears were found in 56% of the lateral menisci and 37% of the medial menisci. A significant association was present between bone bruising on the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial plateau (P = 0.02). Results of our study support the concept that the common mechanism of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament involves severe anterior subluxation with impaction of the posterior tibia on the anterior femur. Determination of the significance of bone bruising, articular cartilage injury, or meniscal tears will require a long-term followup that includes evaluation for arthritis, stability, and function. These 54 patients represent the first cohort evaluated in this ongoing prospective clinical study.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Probable hypercalcemia of malignancy in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma.

An eight-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat was referred with a four-day history of acute vomiting. Hypercalcemia was identified on serum biochemical testing. Thoracic radiographs showed multiple pulmonary nodular densities. Postmortem and histopathological examination identified the nodules as bronchogenic adenocarcinoma with metastases to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, diaphragm, and parietal pleura. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in a cat.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An HMO experiment in Medicare prepayment.

A description of the Greater Marshfield Community Health Plan in Wisconsin, one of the national demonstration programs in Medicare prepayment by the Health Care Financing Administration.

Aged↗