Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T D Williams.
Ophthalmoscopic appearances of congenital and acquired presumed ocular toxoplasmosis are described. Four illustrative cases of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis are discussed, with some emphasis on related general health history. Some speculations are offered to account for the varied ophthalmoscopic appearances of these lesions.
Five anesthetic agents (C1744, etorphine, fentanyl, ketamine hydrochloride, and halothane) were tested to establish the dosage of a safe, effective, short-acting anesthetic for use in the sea otter. Etorphine, at a dosage of 0.75 mg per adult otter and used in conjunction with diazepam, at a dosage of 1.25 mg per adult otter, met most of the requirements for use under field conditions. Halothane, administered through an anesthetic machine, proved to be effective for use in a veterinary hospital.
The ophthalmic literature dealing with diseases of the optic nerve, tracts, and visual cortex was reviewed for the period November 1976 to November 1977. Thirty-three papers of interest to optometrists have been abstracted. Main areas of interest include response of posterior segment to anterior-segment disturbances; structural anomalies in nerve-head region, including a new potential cause for hypoplasia of optic nerve; speculation on possible common origins of RPE/Bruch's membrane disturbances and endothelium/Descemet's membrane disturbances; a vascular hypothesis for pathogenesis of optic-nerve-head drusen; an explanation for reversibility of infantile glaucomatous cupping; glaucomatocyclitic crisis; the role of axoplasmic flow in papilledema; new developments in field testing for early glaucomatous loss; effects of cerebral vascular accidents on color vision; and two interesting instances of systemic disease with ocular manifestations.
Normal anatomical variations of the eye are a constant source of interest to the clinician. This is particularly true for the optic-nerve head, where neural, vascular, and supportive tissue converge, each with its own variations. Such diverse anomalies as cleft palate, reduced visual acuity, visual-field loss, and distortions of the optic-nerve head may all be related to a single factor affecting embryonic or later development. This paper presents a number of nerve-head malformations in the context of their embryonic development, clinical appearance, and implications for visual function.
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The ophthalmic literature dealing with diseases of the optic nerve, the optic tracts, and the visual cortex was reviewed for the period November 1975 through November 1976. Twenty-nine papers on topics of interest to optometrists were abstracted. The main areas of interest include: papilledema and optic atrophy (with ophthalmoscopic signs of both optic atrophy and papilledema); giant-cell arteritis; papillitis; interesting malformations of the face, palate, and orbital position that occur in conjunction with microphthalmus, situs inversus, and hypoplasia and aplasia of the optic nerve; the proposed association of myopia with unusual eyebrows; myelinated nerve fibers at the nerve head; pigment anomalies; the continuing discussion of nerve-head blood supply; an unexpected cause for nerve-head neovascularization; the importance of the swinging-flashlight test in the diagnosis of glaucoma; an unusual type of glaucomatous cupping; doubts about the peripapillary "halo" as a sign of glaucoma; new uses for old field tests; and new methods of ocular photography.
The ophthalmic literature dealing with diseases of the optic nerve, tracts, and visual cortex was reviewed for the period September 1973 to November 1974. Eighteen papers dealing with topics of interest to optometrists have been abstracted. Principal subjects include: relation of central serous retinopathy to pregnancy, a stimulating discussion of the role of elastic tissue degeneration in formation of angioid streaks, methods of assessing internal carotid artery disease, ophthalmoscopy versus tangent screen evaluation, stereoacuity as a useful tool in detecting monocular problems, advances in head X-ray, and, lastly, developments in objective assessment of the nerve head and central retinal artery.
Accommodative blurring of distance visual acuity is a common problem among young patients being treated for glaucoma with pilocarpine. A single case is reported in which a clip-on prescription was given to alleviate such problems. The development of accommodative blur following instillation of pilocarpine is monitored. The dioptric changes required to restore distance acuity to 20/20 are also monitored.
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