A model to illustrate the effects of factors influencing the heart's action.
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Heart↗
Biomedical subjects
T D Roberts
Publications and source records attributed to T D Roberts.
The mechanics of the upright posture.
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Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Static and dynamic components in the responses of muscle spindles to stretch, and their role in muscle control.
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Motor Neurons↗
Reflex contributions to the assessment of the vertical.
On the ground the vertical directions "up" and "down" have significance in relation to the strategy for avoiding collision of the skull with the planet. Voluntary acts to this end may be based on the experienced result of reflexly generated motor commands. Relevant receptors lie in the otolith organs of the labyrinth, but the head is seldom steady in waking life. A revised scheme of labyrinth reflexes on the limbs--"downhill limbs extend"--replaces the classical scheme of Magnus. Interactions with neck reflexes according to this scheme serve to stabilize the trunk. In an orbiting spacecraft the pattern of afferent signals from the labyrinth differs from that on the ground, and predictions based on the new scheme are to be tested in the project "Operation Push-Pull" proposed for ESRO's Spacelab. Other activities of the Council of Europe's Working Party on Aerospace Physiology and Medicine are briefly described.
Aerospace Medicine↗