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Biomedical subjects

T D Bolin

Publications and source records attributed to T D Bolin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Herpes simplex and duodenal ulcer pathology.

An association between Herpes simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and duodenal ulcer disease has been suggested. Duodenal ulcers, like HSV-1 lesions, exhibit periodicity in recurrence. Several of the presently available anti-ulcer agents may have an antiviral action. Antibody titres in some studies have shown selective increases to HSV-1 in duodenal ulcer patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether a real association exists between HSV-1 and endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer or duodenal erosive disease. In a prospective study, 27 patients with either duodenal ulcer (16) or duodenal erosions (11) were studied in order to attempt isolation of HSV-1. Acute and convalescent sera were also taken and examined by an enzyme linked-immunoabsorbent assay system for antibody titres to HSV-1. Duodenal biopsies from a further 26 patients with duodenal ulcer or erosive disease were also examined retrospectively for HSV-1 by the immunoperoxidase technique. In no case of either duodenal ulcer or duodenal erosive disease was HSV-1 isolated by any of the above methods, nor was a relationship demonstrated by acute or convalescent HSV-1 antibody titres. Hence, this study does not support an association between HSV-1 and duodenal ulcer or erosive disease.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Role of maintenance sucralfate in prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence.

Fifty-nine patients who had duodenal ulcers that were healed following sucralfate administration in a dose of 1 g four times a day were randomly entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month maintenance study to determine whether sucralfate 1 g twice daily prevents recurrence of duodenal ulceration. Patients were assessed endoscopically at four, eight, and 12 months after healing or earlier if clinical relapse occurred. Of the original 59 patients, 53 showed healing with six weeks of therapy, and the remaining six patients required 10 weeks of treatment. Nine patients were subsequently lost to follow-up because of non-compliance, leaving 50 patients for the analysis, 24 who received sucralfate and 26 who received placebo. There were 10 ulcer recurrences in the sucralfate group and the ulcers in 14 (58 percent) patients remaining healed at the end of 12 months. In contrast, there were 21 recurrences in the placebo group with the ulcers in five patients (19 percent) remaining healed at 12 months. Patients who received placebo experienced recurrence more quickly than those who received sucralfate and there was no difference between the two groups in terms of symptomatic and asymptomatic recurrence. There was no alteration in serum aluminium and phosphate levels throughout the study. Smoking seemed to have no adverse effect on recurrence once initial healing had been achieved. Sucralfate is, therefore, an effective and safe maintenance treatment for duodenal ulcer disease.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1987

The effect of protein deficiency on systemic release of rat mucosal mast cell protease II during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and following systemic anaphylaxis.

Serum rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII) was measured in protein-deficient rats to assess mucosal mast cell (MMC) activation during primary infection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and during systemic anaphylaxis produced by Nippostrongylus antigen in immune animals. In the first study, serum RMCPII increased 4-fold by day 15 after infection. By day 20, serum RMCPII continued to rise in protein-deficient animals, but decreased in nutritionally normal animals. This was associated with impaired worm rejection in protein-deficient rats. During systemic anaphylaxis, serum RMCPII was elevated in three groups of protein-deficient rats on 6%, 8% and 10% low protein diets and in nutritionally normal rats. All protein-deficient rats exhibited 3 to 7-fold less mucosal permeability of the small intestine to Evan's blue dye injected intravenously compared to nutritionally normal animals following anaphylactic stimulation. These results demonstrated that MMC are activated during infection in protein deficiency, and suggest that reduced MMC function does not explain delay in worm expulsion. Impaired mucosal anaphylaxis in protein deficiency could not be attributed to a failure of MMC response.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of duodenal ulcer occurrence. Double-blind comparison of ranitidine and cimetidine.

We compared ranitidine and cimetidine in maintenance therapy to prevent duodenal ulcer recurrence over a period of 24 months. Endoscopic examination at the end of 12 months showed that the ulcers of 26 of 31 patients (84%) on ranitidine in a dose of 150 mg remained healed and of 10 of 13 (77%) patients on cimetidine in a dose of 400 mg at night remained healed. Thirty-four patients continued in an open evaluation of ranitidine in a dose of 150 mg at night for a further 12-month period, and during this time there were four further recurrences. Life table estimates of duodenal ulcer recurrence during the 2-year period showed no significant difference between the two forms of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Blood loss during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the rat.

Faecal blood loss was measured during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the DA rat using 51Cr-labelled red blood cells (r.b.c.s). In an initial study, faecal blood loss was measured on day 7 of primary infection with 3000 larvae administered subcutaneously (s.c.), and found to be 0.03 ml/24 h in uninfected animals and 0.14 ml/24 h in infected animals. In a further experiment, blood loss was measured on the day before infection and for 13 days after primary s.c. infection with 5000 larvae. Faecal blood loss was 0.05 ml/24 h or less until day 3, began to rise from day 5, reached a peak of 0.51 ml/24 h on day 8, and fell until day 13. This was closely associated with the rise and fall of the pooled faecal egg count. Direct worm count confirmed a high worm burden on day 7 and expulsion by day 14. The effect of the worm burden on the haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured in a further experiment and showed a fall in Hb with a mean worm burden of 726 compared to that of 47 or 284 worms. The study concluded that there is minimal background blood loss in uninfected rats but that infection with N. brasiliensis is a cause of intestinal blood loss and this is associated with a fall in Hb concentration that is dependent on the worm burden.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

The effect of methionine and protein deficiency in delaying expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat.

Three protein-deficient diets containing 5%, 6%, or 7% casein, with and without 0.3% methionine supplementation, were fed to Wistar rats from weaning for 6 wk. Animals were infected subcutaneously with 1500 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and killed after 14 days when nutritionally normal animals have expelled more than 97% of the worm burden. There was a delay in worm expulsion that was related to both the protein content (p = 0.0006) and to methionine content (p less than 0.0001). Methionine supplementation significantly reduced the worm burden in animals fed the 7% protein diet from a geometric mean of 32.4 to 5.2 (p = 0.0408) and in rats fed the 6% protein diet from a mean of 162 to 8.1 (p = 0.0002) but had no effect in rats on the 5% casein diet. Thus, addition of methionine overcame the adverse effect of protein deficiency in these less severely affected groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An unusual complication of balloon tamponade in the treatment of esophageal varices: a case report and brief review of the literature.

A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was unable to be withdrawn 14 h after its initial insertion. Despite a number of recognized maneuvers, both gastric and esophageal balloons remained inflated leading to impaction of the tube. This uncommon complication along with other complications peculiar to the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube are described.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1982

A prospective study of persistent diarrhoea.

A prospective study was undertaken in 100 patients with diarrhoea to identify the causes and to better define the prevalence of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to determine if there was a diagnostic symptom complex evident in patients with IBS. A diagnosis of IBS was made in 28 patients and in this group the prevalence of lactase deficiency was found to be 40%. Pain in association with urgency was usual and urgency occurring in the absence of pain was more likely to be found in association with an organic colonic lesion. The two most important symptoms which distinguish IBS from other causes were blood in the motions and weight loss. Giardia lamblia were found in nine patients and 15 patients responded to an empirical course of either metronidazole or tinidazole, without a positive diagnosis of giardiasis being made. Fourteen patients had inflammatory bowel disease and a variety of drugs were responsible for diarrhoea in 10% of patients. Sigmoidoscopy and small bowel biopsy were the most valuable diagnostic investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of iron and protein deficiency on plasma levels and parasite uptake of [14C] fenbendazole in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

The Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-rat model was used to determine whether iron and protein deficiency, which are commonly associated with parasitic infections, affected the pharmacokinetic behaviour of fenbendazole as measured by plasma concentrations and uptake by worms. Plasma 14C concentrations after [14C] fenbendazole administration were higher in iron and protein-deficient rats than in sufficient rats. However, the uptake of 14C by N. brasiliensis in iron and protein-deficient rats was significantly less than in worms from diet-sufficient rats. The reduced anthelmintic uptake by worms in protein and iron-deficient hosts may account, in part, for reduced anthelmintic efficacy under these circumstances. These findings are relevant to understanding variations in response to chemotherapy in populations of parasitised hosts containing malnourished individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Delayed expulsion of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats on a low protein diet: the role of a bone marrow derived component.

Rats on a low protein diet, containing 10% casein as the only source of protein, have an impaired capacity to expel primary infections with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and remain susceptible to reinfection. In the present study, the transfer of syngeneic bone marrow cells to rats on a low protein diet reconstituted the expulsion mechanism allowing parasite rejection to occur at the same rate as rats on a sufficient diet. Serum transfer, on the other hand, did not significantly alter the rate of worm expulsion. These results demonstrate that a bone marrow derived component plays an important role in the impaired immunity of rats fed a low protein diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of iron deficiency, protein deficiency and dexamethasone on infection, re-infection and treatment of Giardia muris in the mouse.

The association between nutrient deficiencies, steroid administration, anti-flagellate therapy and giardiasis was examined using the Giardia muris/mouse model. Administration of steroids to BALB/c mice resulted in persisting high levels of infection with G. muris, whereas untreated animals were able to eliminate this parasite. In addition, steroid treatment significantly reduced the efficacy of anti-flagellate therapy. Protein-deficient mice eliminated the parasite at the same rate as mice on an optimum diet and also developed strong acquired resistance to re-infection. A similar pattern was observed in iron-deficient mice, except that the number of parasites that became established during the first 2 weeks of infection was significantly reduced. Thus, there was no evidence of synergism between iron and protein deficiency and infection in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Use of oral sodium cromoglycate in persistent diarrhoea.

Twenty patients with persistent diarrhoea participated in a randomised, double-blind trial of oral sodium cromoglycate and placebo. Eight patients noted significant improvement in their diarrhoea while taking sodium cromoglycate and this did not correlate with the presence of other atopic diseases, a history of food intolerance, or the presence of lactase deficiency. The results suggest that some patients with diarrhoea of unknown cause may have food allergy as a major contributing cause for their diarrhoea.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of iron and protein deficiency on the development of acquired resistance to reinfection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats.

Iron and protein deficiency delays the immunological rejection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the small intestine of rats undergoing a primary infection with the parasite. In the present study, iron and protein deficiency significantly reduced acquired resistance to reinfection with N. brasiliensis. Repletion of deficient animals with iron and protein restored their capacity to mount an effective immune response to a secondary infection with the parasite. These results suggest that chemotherapy of helminthiasis should be integrated with nutritional supplementation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the rat: effect of iron and protein deficiency on the anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole, pyrantel, piperazine, and levamisole.

The benzimidazole anthelmintics mebendazole and fenbendazole have been shown to be much less effective against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in the rat on a combined iron and protein deficient diet. In the present experiments it was shown that the anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole was significantly impaired in the rat on either an iron deficient or a protein deficient diet. Furthermore, iron and protein deficiency reduced the efficacy of the anthelmintics pyrantel and piperazine but not levamisole. The finding that nutritional deficiencies reduce anthelmintic efficacy may well be relevant to worm eradication programmes in iron deficient and protein calorie malnourished populations.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1978

The diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the biliary tract.

An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with presumed functional disorders of the biliary tract (biliary dyskinesia) is described. The current diagnostic criteria are pain compatible with biliary pain in the absence of gallstones and other organic gastrointestinal disease, or other disorders which might produce abdominal pain, together with reproduction of the patient's symptoms by cholecystokinin, or morphine, or both. Other diagnostic methods are described together with their limitations. The results of operation in 38 of 45 patients seen in this Unit during the past six years are presented. The results were poor in 20% of patients, but two-thirds of the group have had good results in the short term.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗