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Biomedical subjects

T Coste

Publications and source records attributed to T Coste.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Comparison of lansoprazole (30 mg) and omeprazole (20 mg) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. A multicenter double-blind comparative trial].

The efficacy of lansoprazole (30 mg/d) and omeprazole (20 mg/d) has been assessed in active duodenal ulcer disease in 144 patients included in a multicentric, randomized, double-blind trial. After two weeks, the healing rates were 74% and 58% in the lansoprazole and omeprazole groups, respectively (P = 0.049). After 4 weeks, the healing rates were 94% in each group (NS). The delay to pain relief was 2 days for lansoprazole and 3 days for omeprazole (NS). Minor side effects occurred in 12% of the lansoprazole treated patients and in 13% of the omeprazole treated patients. No severe adverse events were reported. A slight increase in serum gastrin level was observed, similar in both groups (+35 UI/L and +19 UI/L for lansoprazole and omeprazole respectively). This study confirms previous results concerning the efficacy of both treatments in duodenal ulcer disease. The statistical difference observed for healing rates after 2 weeks could correspond to a faster efficacy for lansoprazole (30 mg) than for omeprazole (20 mg).

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcers. Apropos of 616 patients operated on in Bujumbura].

From 1982 to 1989, 616 patients were operated for duodenal ulcers in Bujumbura. 497 were men and 119 females. The mean age was 38.4. The indication for surgery was the failure of medical treatment for 56.8%. Other complications presented 41.4% and 1.8% of the patients had recurring ulcer after previous operation. The study was divided into two periods: Period I (1982-1985) and period II (1986-1989). During Period I, we observed a rapid drop of frequency in interventions and the indication for complication constituted 58% of the total surgical interventions. In period II, the frequency of interventions increased and the indication for complications did not exceed 35.6%. Ulcerous stenosis remained the most frequent complication. The choice of surgical intervention is changing into favour of techniques like highly selective vagotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients].

A randomized double-blind trial of silymarin versus placebo was carried out in 116 patients with histologically proven alcoholic hepatitis, 58 of them with cirrhosis. Patients were not included in case of hepatic encephalopathy, contraindication to percutaneous liver biopsy, hepatocellular carcinoma, evident lack of discipline or refusal to enter the trial. Fifty-seven patients received silymarin orally 420 mg/day and 59 received placebo during 3 months. Biologic parameters were assessed in the serum, and a percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained at the start of the trial and 3 months later. Histologic scores of alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis were established on each biopsy specimen by two independent pathologists. The 2 groups were comparable at inclusion; 26 p. 100 of patients were lost to follow-up at 3 months, abstinence was obtained in 46 p. 100 of patients at the end of the trial. These percentages were similar in the two groups. Four patients died of hepatic failure during the trial, 3 in the placebo group. Significant improvement in the score of alcoholic hepatitis and serum amino transferase activity, was noted in both groups during the trial, irrespective of treatment with silymarin or placebo. No side-effects were noted. Our results suggest that silymarin 420 mg/d is not clinically relevant in the treatment of moderate alcoholic hepatitis.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1988

Changes in plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol during a high altitude mountaineering expedition (4800 m).

Effects of high altitude exposure on plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol were studied in 8 mountaineers who spent 3 weeks at the Annapurna IV base camp (4800 m) after a 12 day trek. In spite of the moderate physical exertion at the camp, the loss of body weight was more pronounced during the stay at high altitude than during the trekking period. Compared with baseline values observed at sea level, marked reductions in plasma cholesterol (-27%) and phospholipids (-19%) were found 3 days after arrival at the camp and persisted during the next 17 days. A less marked fall in plasma triglycerides occurred, weakly significant at the end of the stay. Because there were no relevant changes in very low density lipoproteins or in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, the low plasma cholesterol levels at the high altitude resulted mainly from the reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol: the mean HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio changed from 0.39 at sea level to 0.63 at the end of the stay at 4800 m. Fluctuations in LDL-cholesterol were not concomitant with those in body weight and were independent of the exercise training during the expedition. This study shows moreover that the early drop in LDL-cholesterol was associated with an opposite change in plasma levels of catecholamines and thyroid hormones. Taking into account that such hormonal responses are classically observed at high altitude, the concomitant decrease in LDL-cholesterol might be interpreted as being a relevant adaptative response to hypoxic conditions at high altitude.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two sucralfate dosages presented in tablet form in duodenal ulcer healing.

Two hundred twenty-two patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers participated in a controlled trial to assess and compare the effects of two dosage regimens of sucralfate tablets on ulcer healing, i.e., 1 g four times daily (group A, n = 131) and 2 g twice daily (group B, n = 128). Healing was defined as complete re-epithelialization. Clinical and endoscopic assessments were performed after four weeks (Day 28) and, if complete healing was not achieved, after four more weeks (Day 56). After four weeks, in group A (n = 114: eight patients were lost and nine were withdrawn), the ulcers had healed in 90 patients (79 percent), and in group B (n = 108: six patients were lost and 14 were withdrawn), the ulcers had healed in 80 patients (74 percent). The cumulative healing rates after eight weeks were 94 percent in group A and 95 percent in group B. No serious adverse effect was observed in either group. These results suggest that sucralfate tablets in a dosage of 2 g twice daily are as effective as 1 g four times daily in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcers and could lead to better patient compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Antigens A and B of the HLA system in dilated cardiomyopathies related to alcohol].

It has been hypothesized that dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is of dysimmune origin. Conventional immunological studies have provided no evidence that a primary disregulation of immune mechanisms is involved. In the present study, the possibility of an individual predisposition to DCM resting on a preferential distribution of HLA system antigens has been investigated. Typing of the HLA system antigens A and B was performed in a group of 38 DCM patients who were heavy drinkers. The results were compared with those obtained in: (a) 57 alcoholic patients without cardiopathy, and (b) a population of 306 healthy subjects. All subjects were caucasians. Compared with alcoholic patients without cardiac disease, DCM patients had a prevalence of B8 allele. The relative risk of developing DCM was 2.83 in the presence of the B8 antigen. This result suggests a genetic predisposition to DCM: the B8 allele, prevalent among our patients, is associated with the phenotype of numerous autoimmune diseases. This study therefore supports the theory that DCM is of dysimmune origin, but this must be confirmed by further investigations conducted on a larger number of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Diet and rectocolonic cancers. Results of a case-control study].

In a case-control study performed in an hospital of the North-Eastern Paris area, nutritional intakes of 94 patients with colorectal carcinoma were compared with those of 94 control patients, matched for age and sex. Results were expressed as mean daily nutrients and energy intakes. This dietary survey covered the "present period" (i.e. prior to the hospitalisation) and the "past-period" in case of striking and prolonged changes in dietary habits. Whatever the site of carcinoma (the rectum and sigmoid or the remaining colon) there was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls (in both sexes) for the following parameters: a) total energy intake, b) proportions of lipids, proteins and fat expressed as percentages of total energy intake, c) minerals, d) vitamins and e) dietary fibers. In women with colorectal carcinoma, a decrease in alcohol and lipid consumptions was observed. In patients with rectal or sigmoid carcinoma past alcoholic intakes were higher in both sexes. These results do not allow any clear epidemiological conclusion. In spite of their cost and length prospective studies are probably the only way to answer the difficult question of which dietary factors may be found in colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Resection of a retrohepatic inferior vena cava during hepatectomy for cancer. Favorable evolution without venous reconstruction].

A primary malignant tumor of the liver in a 48-year-old woman was resected by right hepatectomy extending to the medial segment of the left lobe, along with the retrohepatic inferior vena cava. The caval interruption was not followed by a venous reconstruction or an associated right nephrectomy. The favorable outcome suggests that resection of the suprarenal portion of the inferior vena cava can be considered in some exceptional cases, even if venous collateral circulation has not developed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Cholesterol turnover in human plasma lipoproteins: studies with stable and radioactive isotopes.

The kinetics of cholesterol labeling was studied in the plasma lipoproteins of three subjects who had received an oral dose of octadeuterated cholesterol and an intravenous administration of 3H-cholesterol and 14C-mevalonate or 13C-acetate. After each labeled cholesterol pulse into the plasma (absorption, exchange, or synthesis), the isotopic concentrations of free and esterified cholesterol became identical after 120 h. Before this time, very low-density lipoprotein free cholesterol appeared more easily exchangeable than high-density and low-density lipoprotein free cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins were shown to be a source for very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol esters and the role of very low-density lipoproteins associated with chylomicrons was demonstrated in the initial transport of dietary cholesterol. The rates of the various processes involved in cholesterol turnover were calculated. The total cholesterol inflow into the plasma by absorption and synthesis, determined by long-term kinetic data (18 or 28 wk) was consistent with the result obtained by sterol balance for the total cholesterol outflow from the plasma (fecal excretion and conversion into bile acids).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Origins of neutral sterols in human feces studied by stable isotope labeling (D and 13C). Effect of phytosterols and calcium.

A stable isotope labeling (13C and D) was administered to 8 subjects in order to observe the short-term effect of phytosterols (Cytellin 9 g/day) or calcium (calcium gluconate 3 g/day) on the processes involved in cholesterol elimination in the feces. Under control conditions, the mean fraction of fecal cholesterol having a plasmatic origin was 69% and that of cholesterol secreted by the digestive tract 11%. The remaining fraction represented unabsorbed dietary cholesterol. While both treatments reduced the absorption of cholesterol, Cytellin enhanced the fecal excretion of plasma cholesterol and calcium lowered it. The change observed in the rate of intestinal external secretion did not follow the change in the fecal excretion of cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Origins of neutral sterols in human feces studied by stable isotope labeling (D and 13C). Existence of an external secretion of cholesterol.

An experimental procedure using stable isotope-labeled cholesterol (13C and D) was carried out on 15 healthy subjects to distinguish the different origins of neutral fecal sterols in man: nonabsorption of dietary cholesterol, fecal excretion by transfer of plasmatic cholesterol and external secretion of cholesterol biosynthetized in digestive tract and directly eliminated. For a mean daily mass of 652 mg of fecal cholesterol, unabsorbed dietary cholesterol is 20% (133 mg), excreted cholesterol 67% (434 mg) and cholesterol from external secretion 13% (85 mg). A short treatment (4 days) with cholestyramine or different bile acids was then administered to each subject to study the possible variations in their fecal elimination of cholesterol. The more evident effect was the large stimulation of external secretion of cholesterol (234 mg/day) observed after chenodeoxycholic acid feeding (1 g/day). This treatment tends also to decrease dietary cholesterol absorption and to enhance excretion of cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[TRH response in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism (author's transl)].

A study of thyroid function was undertaken in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism the following tests were performed: T3 RIA, T4 RIA, T3 test and I.V. TRH-test. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of liver injury: histologically documented fibrosteatosis (group 1), cirrhosis (group 2); group 3 consisted of severe cirrhosis with coagulation defects precluding liver biopsy. 32 healthy subjects served as controls. Free thyroxine index was normal in the 3 groups of patients; on the contrary, serum T3 RIA was significantly reduced in the 2nd and the 3rd group. The decrease of T3 correlated with the degree of hepatocellular failure. TRH test was almost always normal. If patients are separated into two groups according to their circulating T3 levels, it appears that subjects with low T3 show a TRH-induced increase in TSH lower than in the other group, but not significantly different from normal subjects, suggesting an inadequate hypothalamic reactivity.

Adult↗