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Biomedical subjects

T Cherian

Publications and source records attributed to T Cherian.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparison of oral squamous cell carcinoma in younger and older patients in India.

This study examines the demographic, aetiological and clinico-pathological features of 37 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were less than 35 years old and a comparable number of patients who were greater than 60 years old. The study was undertaken at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India, between 1988 and 1990. In patients younger than 35 years old, oral SCC occurred more commonly in females, was apparent in all social classes and was associated with fewer aetiological factors. The tumours manifested predominantly as invasive lesions affecting the tongue and there was early spread to lymph nodes. By contrast, in patients older than 60 years of age, oral SCC was more common in males, occurred more frequently in social classes III and IV and was always seen in association with smoking, alcohol or pan chewing. These latter tumours presented as exophytic lesions of the buccal mucosa or gingivae and spread late to lymph nodes. The results indicate that the biological behaviour of oral SCC in young patients may be distinct from that occurring in older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Unusual multiple metastases from malignant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

A case of malignant pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid gland which metastasized to the kidney and multiple subcutaneous sites is presented. The patient presented as an acute emergency due to spontaneous rupture of the kidney containing metastasis. All the distant metastatic lesions were confined to the right side of the body.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1991

Immune response to intradermally injected inactivated poliovirus vaccine.

Immune response to intradermal inoculation of a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was measured in 8 adults and 10 children who were previously immune. A striking 4-fold to 1024-fold antibody booster response to all 3 poliovirus serotypes was found in 15 subjects and a similar response to 2 poliovirus serotypes occurred in the other 3 children. Induration and erythema of 3 mm diameter or above, indicative of a cell-mediated immune response, was seen in 12 subjects. Intradermal inoculation of IPV may be a useful technique for secondary immunisation programmes against polio and its use for primary immunisation merits investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of salvage surgery in heavily irradiated cancer of the buccal mucosa.

This report describes the authors' experience with salvage surgery in 78 patients with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa who failed after high-dose radical radiation therapy at Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India. Forty-four patients (56%) required a hemimandibulectomy for adequate tumor clearance. Fifty-four patients (69%) required a primary reconstructive procedure for wound closure. Follow-up periods ranged from 28 months to 63 months (median follow-up, 41 months). Thirteen patients (17%) developed nonfatal postoperative complications. Thirty-one patients recurred after surgery, five of whom were again salvaged by further surgery. Overall, the recurrence rate was 36%. Most of the recurrences (26/31) were at the primary site. The overall 5-year actuarial disease-free survival after salvage surgery was 59.7%. T stage of the recurrent tumor and its skin infiltration emerged as factors which significantly influenced disease-free survival (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bronchiolitis in tropical south India.

In a prospective hospital-based study of 328 children under 5 years of age with acute lower respiratory infections, 114 (35%) were diagnosed to have acute bronchiolitis. Of them, 87 (76%) were less than 1 year and 107 (94%) were less than 2 years of age. Signs of severe lower respiratory infections, namely tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 50/min) and subcostal retraction, were present in 95% and 93%, respectively. Of 88 children of whom roentgenographs were taken, 30 (34%) had evidence of pneumonia. No clinical signs discriminated between those with and without pneumonia. By culture or immunofluorescence antigen detection, viruses were found in 81 (71%) children with bronchiolitis; respiratory syncytial virus was the most common agent, found in 65 (57%). Parainfluenza viruses were the next most common, found in 12 (11%). Most cases of bronchiolitis occurred in outbreaks during the rainy months of August through November, coinciding with respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks. Although bacterial culture of blood was done in 56 children, no respiratory pathogen was isolated. In one child with bronchiolitis and consolidation, postmortem lung aspirate yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, bronchiolitis is primarily a viral syndrome in this tropical region, just as it is in temperate regions. Eight (7%) children died (all were infants); 5 had roentgenographic pneumonia and the remaining had other abnormalities contributing to death; all had been treated with antibiotics. Since one third of lower respiratory infections are bronchiolitis, and among infants under 1 year of age bronchiolitis comprises 47% of all lower respiratory infection cases, criteria for antibiotic management must take into account the availability of roentgenographic investigation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

An epidemic of poliomyelitis in southern Kerala.

An epidemic of poliomyelitis was recognized in May 1987 when there was a sharp increase in the number of children with acute paralytic poliomyelitis admitted to the SAT Hospital in Trivandrum in Kerala State. From May through September, 392 cases were admitted; the total admitted cases in 1987 were 458 in contrast to 119 in 1986. Evidence for type 1 poliovirus infection was found in 33 (85%) of the 39 children in whom virological investigations were done during the epidemic. In addition, evidence for poliovirus type 3 infection was found in four children. Data on the immunization status was available on 231 affected children in the epidemic; 175 (76%) had not received oral polio vaccine (OPV); 55 (24%) had received one or two doses and only one child had received three doses. Thus, lack of immunization was a major risk factor for disease. The estimated vaccine coverage with three doses of OPV in Kerala, based on the quantity of vaccine distributed during the years 1985, 1986 and 1987 were 94%, 100% and 91%, respectively. This outbreak occurred in spite of high vaccine coverage, and it illustrates the need for even higher coverage rates; the usefulness of hospitals as sentinel surveillance centres; the need for decentralized vaccine coverage data in order to prevent build-up of unimmunized susceptible children in any region; and the urgent need of a mechanism to respond to an epidemic quickly, with immunization, in order to curtail it.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Lack of evidence for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus in recipients of anti-D immunoglobulin containing HIV antibody.

Twenty nine Rh negative women who had received injections of anti-D (Rho) immunoglobulin preparations (from an Indian firm) contaminated with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were tested for seroconversion to HIV, 14-38 wk after injections. All 29 were negative for HIV antibody, indicating that infectious HIV or immunogenic concentrations of inactivated HIV were not present in the investigated immunoglobulin product.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of immunofluorescence & culture for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.

In 809 infants and children with acute respiratory infection, HEp-2 cells were used for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and an indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF) was used for the detection of RSV antigen in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal secretions. While RSV was detected in culture in only 87 subjects, IIF was positive for viral antigen in 158 subjects. In children with bronchiolitis and in those with pneumonia 57 and 19 per cent respectively, had evidence of RSV infection by culture or IIF. The frequency of virus antigen detection by IIF was above 90 per cent irrespective of the duration of symptoms before specimen collection. The frequency of virus isolation in culture was 86 per cent in children with less than 2 days duration of symptoms and 42 to 69 per cent in those with duration of symptoms of 2 days or more. However, this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the IIF test was not only rapid, but also more sensitive for the detection of RSV infection than culture.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

The effect of glucocorticosteroids on in vitro motility of the ureter of the sheep.

1. The effects of three glucocorticosteroids, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, as well as two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) indomethacin and diclofenac sodium were tested in vitro on the spontaneously rhythmic contracting ureteral preparation of the sheep. 2. The NSAIDs and the steroids methylprednisolone (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and dexamethasone (10(-8) - 10(-4) M), dose-dependently inhibited ureteral motility. Hydrocortisone caused a cessation of spontaneous contractions only at the high concentration of 10(-4) M. 3. Pretreatment of ureteral strips with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (10(-6) M) abolished the inhibitory action of the corticosteroids on peristalsis, consistent with the suggestion that the action of steroids on the ureter is mediated via the synthesis of the anti-phospholipase protein, lipocortin. 4. The potency of the steroids in descending order was found to be dexamethasone greater than methylprednisolone greater than hydrocortisone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of simple clinical signs for the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection.

The reliability of clinical signs that might be used by village health workers in distinguishing acute lower respiratory infection (LRI) from upper respiratory infections (URI) in children was evaluated. 142 infants and 108 preschool children with LRI and 151 infants and 281 preschool children with URI, attending hospital, were studied. Respiratory rates of over 50/min in infants and over 40/min in children 12-35 months of age, as well as a history of rapid breathing and the presence of chest retractions in both age groups, were found to be sensitive and specific indicators of LRI. Increased respiratory rates and history of rapid breathing were also sensitive in diagnosis of less severe LRI that did not necessitate admission to the wards, whereas chest retraction was not. All these clinical signs had a low sensitivity in diagnosing LRI in children aged 36 months and over.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Pyomyositis in south Indian children.

Thirty-two children with pyomyositis were studied. In 28 children, 23 boys and 5 girls, Staphylococcus aureus was the aetiological agent. The strains isolated were resistant to penicillin. The muscles of the thigh, back and upper arm were most frequently involved. Eight children had infections in other parts of the body, namely pneumonia, empyema, pericarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis and arthritis. Two children died. At follow-up one child had chronic osteomyelitis. In four neonates, beta haemolytic streptococcus was the causative organism. All were septicaemic. One infant died.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Motility of the human ureter, with special reference to the effect of indomethacin.

Ureteral motility was studied in isolated preparations obtained from 19 patients at surgery. Contraction was monitored in an organ bath and contraction recorded isometrically. In all but one patient rhythmic activity with a frequency of 2.0 +/- 0.3 contractions/min was recorded. In 6 patients contractions had to be elicited by stimulation with prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha. In the remaining cases motility started spontaneously within 30 min. In patients with bilharzia nephropathy various pathological types of contraction were recorded. Motility was dose-dependently inhibited with indomethacin.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1984

Low antibody response in infants with measles and children with subclinical measles virus infection.

During a measles epidemic (December 1979-March 1980) in two adjacent villages in Tamil Nadu, 78 of 143 under-fives were affected, eight of whom died, giving an attack rate of 54% and case-fatality rate of 10%. Seven months later 72 children (41 with measles, seven with history of measles in prior epidemics and 24 with no history of measles) were bled to measure measles virus haemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Of the 48 with measles history, 46 had measurable antibody. Surprisingly, of the 24 without a history, 16 had measurable antibody indicating the frequency of subclinical measles during epidemics. The geometric mean antibody titre was lower in infants with measles than in older children (P less than 0.05). The mean titre was lower in those with subclinical measles than in those with clinical measles (P less than 0.01).

Age Factors↗