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Biomedical subjects

T Chard

Publications and source records attributed to T Chard.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Identification of high-risk pregnancy by the routine measurement of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein.

A prospective study of 1,040 women who underwent delivery during 1977 at St. Bartholomew's Hospital was undertaken to evaluate the role of measurement of maternal circulating pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in the detection of high-risk pregnancy. A comparison of the predictive value of this test was also made with a variety of clinical, ultrasonic, and biochemical variables in the detection of high-risk pregnancies. The best antenatal predictors of fetal risk were severe preeclampsia and depressed maternal serum levels of human placental lactogen and SP1. It is suggested that measurement of SP1 may provide valuable information on fetal compromise in late pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The use of a patient-interactive microcomputer system to obtain histories in an infertility and gynecologic endocrinology clinic.

An inexpensive microcomputer has been programmed to obtain histories from patients attending an infertility and gynecologic endocrinology clinic. The system is directly interactive; patients enter their answers on a specially designed keyboard containing only "yes," "no," and "don't know" buttons and the numbers 1 to 5. A neatly formatted summary of the history is then provided by an interfaced printer. The history follows a branching pattern: Of the 330 questions incorporated in the program only 76 are asked in the course of the average history. The program contains numerous features which make it easy to use. For example, patients are provided with more detailed explanations of questions they find difficult to answer. These are produced either on command or automatically if the response time is prolonged. Crossover comparison with manual histories showed that the computer produces an accurate and exhaustive record containing many additional significant items. This system was designed to facilitate and not replace the physician interview. A confidential questionnaire revealed a high degree of consumer acceptance.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Determination of biparietal diameter in the second trimester as a predictor of intrauterine growth retardation.

Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) was measured by ultrasound at 18-21 weeks gestation in 1023 women. The results showed a clear relationship to birth weight at delivery (36 weeks or later): the sensitivity was 24.2%, the predictive value was 18.2%, and the specificity was 92.5%. We propose that BPD measured in the second trimester is a clinically useful predictor of intrauterine growth retardation.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Placental proteins (human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, and placental protein 5) in seminal plasma of normal men and patients with infertility.

Placental proteins, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), and placental protein 5 (PP5) have been detected in human seminal plasma of 20 normal men and 42 patients with infertility. Levels of hPL, SP1, and PP5 were similar in these groups. There were significantly higher levels of hCG in subjects with normal sperm counts than in those with oligospermia or azoospermia. The levels of PP5 in seminal plasma showed an association with sperm motility, suggesting that PP5 may have a significant biologic function in the maintenance of sperm motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Short-term variation in the level of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum.

Serial serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were examined over a 24-h period in six subjects. A short-term variation was demonstrated which was significantly greater than that due to the assay alone, but which showed no particular pattern. These findings may explain why an 'abnormal' AFP level frequently reverts to a 'normal' level on second sampling.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1983

Problems and pitfalls of risk assessment in antenatal care.

Current obstetric risk-scoring systems do not make a precise prediction of the chances of an abnormal outcome and so cannot be used in formal decision analysis. We examine here the feasibility of using Bayes' theorem to provide an accurate assessment of fetal risk and conclude that two severe limitations effectively exclude this approach as a useful contribution to antenatal care: (1) inaccuracy of the data base: geographical variations and the 'treatment paradox' conspire to reduce the reliability on which any assessment may be made; (2) 'dependency' of the risk factors: most obstetric variables are interdependent and are not therefore amenable to analysis by means of Bayes' theorem. Although fetal risk will be assessed subjectively for the foreseeable future, obstetricians should be aware of the essentially mathematical nature of decision-making.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Maternal blood levels of human placental lactogen in the prediction of fetal growth retardation: choosing a cut-off point between normal and abnormal.

Single estimations of serum human placental lactogen (hPL) were made in 527 unselected women between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. The association between decreased serum levels of hPL and intrauterine growth retardation was confirmed. The effect of changing the cut-off point between normality and abnormality on the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value was determined. When the 10th centile of hPL values was used, 29% of all growth-retarded fetuses were identified and 91% of all 'normal' fetuses were excluded. The 15th and 25th centiles yielded improved sensitivities of 37 and 50% respectively, but specificity was reduced. It is suggested that the 10th centile provides a good compromise between sensitivity on the one hand and specificity and predictive value on the other.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Placental protein 5: disappearance from the circulation after delivery.

Blood was collected from 8 women following delivery at term. The decline in serum concentrations of placental protein 5 following the delivery of the infant's head was studied for 12 h. Placental protein 5 levels fell very rapidly with a half-life of 5-39 min. In the majority of women placental protein 5 was undetectable after 12 h (i.e. less than 2 microgram/l).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

What do placental function tests predict? Observations on placental lactogen levels in growth retardation and fetal distress.

Single blood samples were obtained from an unselected population of 527 women between 36 and 40 wk gestation. Serum placental lactogen levels were lower than normal in patients whose infants were growth retarded or developed fetal distress in labor. These associations were independent; the fetal distress group did not contain an excess of subjects with growth retardation. Thus, the results of a biochemical test reflect dynamic aspects of placental function and not simply the overall growth of fetus and placenta.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Serum protein binding of diazepam in maternal and foetal serum during pregnancy.

1 The serum binding capacity for diazepam was significantly lower in pregnancy and there was a linear correlation with gestational age. 2 The binding of diazepam was not correlated to albumin during pregnancy. 3 In cord sera there was a significantly reduced binding capacity for diazepam with albumin levels of less than 40 g/l.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Human chorionic gonadotropin levels in maternal blood in late pregnancy: relation to birthweight, sex and condition of the infant at birth.

A total of 527 blood samples was obtained from an unselected population of women between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were measured using a specific radioimmunoassay for the beta 1-subunit of hCG. Serum hCG levels were higher in primigravidae and in women carrying female fetuses. They were also related to the birthweight of the child and to the occurrence of fetal distress.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

Circulating placental proteins (hCG, SP1 and PP5) in trophoblastic disease.

Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP 1) and placental proteins 5 (PP5) levels have been measured by radioimmunoassay in 20 patients (116 samples) with hydatidiform mole, one patient (nine samples) with invasive mole and 10 patients (103 samples) with choriocarcinoma. Measurement of both serum SP1 and hCG are useful in the monitoring of these diseases. The presence of PP5 in hydatidiform mole and its absence in choriocarcinoma support the hypothesis that PP5 is closely associated with the invasive activity of malignant trophoblast.

Adult↗