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Biomedical subjects

T Carrada-Bravo

Publications and source records attributed to T Carrada-Bravo.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Rabies as a public health problem].

Rabies virus belong to the family Rhabdoviridae; it has a coiled RNA core surrounded by a bullet-shaped envelop, covered with glycoproteins surface projections. After entry into a new host in the bite site, the virus multiplies in muscle cells and it spreads through neural pathways, without stimulating a protective host immune-response. Transmission depends on simultaneous delivery of virus to the salivary gland and the limbic system of the brain, which is the cause of the animal fury and biting tendency. In México, rabies continues to be a serious health and economic problem, and urban rabies still predominates with a large number of human and animal cases recorded yearly. A total of 426 human deaths were reported between 1978 and 1983. Over 9,069 cases of animal rabies were reported in 1986 and 50,000 patients required antirabies postexposure vaccinations. Infected animals can be identified by demonstration of specific fluorescence in brain tissue. A dog or cat which has bitten a human should be captured and observed by a veterinarian for 15 days. The immediate objective of postexposure treatment is to prevent virus from entering and damaging neural tissue, therefore, promptness is essential. All wounds should be thoroughly cleared with soap and water concurrent use of both passive and active immunization provides optimal therapy. Wherever possible, human rather than equine products should be used for passive immunization, and Fuenzalida's nerve tissue rabies vaccine should be used for active protection. Paediatricians should urge parents to caution children attempting to get stray or wild animals as pets. Domestic dogs and cats should be thoroughly vaccinated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Coccidioidomycosis in children].

Coccidioides immitis is the cause of coccidioidomycosis, the fungus has been found extensively in the Southwestern United States, and Mexico, and certain areas of Central and South America. Some climatic conditions, such as hot summers with little winter frost, combined with arid, alkaline soils produce ideal circumstances for preservation of the arthroconidia. Children and other human groups are infected by dustbone arthroconidia or by contact with infected soils. There has been limited epidemics of infantile coccidioidomycosis, however, only very few have been verified as to the source of the outbreak by the soil-culture of the fungus. The primary pulmonary infection is usually asymptomatic, but it may resemble influenza with cough, fever, and chest pain. Chronic pulmonary lesions are rare in children. Erythema multiforme an erythema nodosum have been described, namely in females. Arthralgias occurs in some patients. The disseminated form is similar to tuberculosis with lungs, lymph nodes, bones, joints, abdominal organs and skin being the frequently affected sites. Meningitis and limited dissemination to one of few sites is more common in mexican children than adults. Serologic tests are very useful in moderate to severe illnesses. Precipitins can be easily detected by immunodifusion. Higher and persistent complement fixation titers are observed in severe and disseminated infection. Conversion of a skin test with coccidioidin or spherulin from negative to positive strongly suggest coccidioidomycosis. Most cases do not require treatment, but amphotericin B or ketoconazol, are the standard therapy in severe pulmonary disease or disseminated forms, and surgery has been advocated for localized, persistent or drug-resistant, progressive lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Invasive amebiasis as a public health problem].

Amebiasis, an infection of humans with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, has a wide distribution in Mexico. The lumenal, asymptomatic infection, as measured by the presence of cysts in stools has been recorded from 2.4% at Ometepec, Guerrero to over 55% at Mixquic, D.F., but only a small percentage of those having intestinal infection will develop invasive amebiasis, the main clinical forms being dysentery and liver abscess. In Mexico City, from 0.8 up to 14% of cases of acute diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalization were found to be associated with E. histolytica. Serological surveys for antibodies, suggest that approximately 5.98% of people had intestinal mucosal or liver invasion, but amebic dysentery may be five to 50 times more frequent than liver abscess, namely in children. Amebiasis may cause death when it manifests itself as fulminating colitis or liver abscess. Lethality in adults has been estimated to be around 0.2 to 2%, but in children with liver abscess it may be 1.1 to 26%. In addition to being a potentially lethal disease, it has important socioeconomic consequences, because incapacitating infections are rather frequent in wage-earning adult males requiring several weeks of hospitalization and from two to three months for full recovery. In Mexico, amebiasis has been more closely associated with poverty and low levels of sanitation than to climate, and in view of the high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by E. histolytica, more research into better and cheaper methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention is clearly necessary plus a substantial improvement in control strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

New observations on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of sporotrichosis.

Five uncommon cases of skin sporotrichosis are presented, including a small family outbreak with interesting epidemiological findings and two patients treated with corticosteroids; we attributed the severity of the lesions to the steroids. Mice were used to confirm our hypothesis on the pathogenesis. The pathological findings in case of sporotrichosis in a dog are presented. A group of 359 pulmonary patients was tested with two different antigens of Sporotrichum schenkii.

Adult↗