Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T C Moore.
A case of high jejunal atresia with midgut deletion in the newborn is reported. The remnant of proximal jejunum near the ligament of Treitz shared a common supporting mesentery/mesocolon with the remaining midtransverse colon. The patient was managed by side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunal and transverse colonic remnants.
A case of massive symptomatic cystic hygroma confined to the left hemithorax and mediastinum in a 21-month-old boy is reported. The symptoms were of increasing respiratory distress and cough with fever. The mass surrounded all of the major vascular and nervous structures of the mediastinum and left hemithorax and was attached to the pericardium. It was excised, and the postoperative course was complicated by prolonged chylothorax and malfunction of the left hemidiaphragm. Seven other reported symptomatic cases of cystic hygroma confined to the thorax in early childhood are reviewed. The hygromas tend to be large and their care typically is complex and complicated. Hemorrhage into the cysts is a frequent finding and likely contributes to the acute and progressive symptoms.
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All anesthetic agents studied, general and local, that controlled pain sufficiently to permit surgery, produced sharp and prolonged reductions in the output of small and blast lymphocytes into efferent lymph from levels encountered in unanesthetized animals. The depth and duration of the depression in lymphocyte traffic were related to the doses of anesthetic agents and had no relation to the surgical trauma involved. Inflammation from previous recent drainage area surgery, extensive intraoperative manipulation of edematous inflammatory tissue, and postoperative manipulation of inflammatory tissue by distention manipulation with injected fluid were found to exert a strong modulating effect on the anesthesia-associated depression in lymphocyte traffic with the capability of rather quick action in elevating lymphocyte traffic. Rapid infusion of bradykinin and 8-bromo cyclic guanosine monophosphate, both traffic enhancing agents, into cannulated afferent lymphatic vessels of the study nodes during anesthesia-associated depression in traffic also were found to exert a modulating effect with prompt increases in lymphocyte output into the efferent lymph.
In the sheep single peripheral lymph node model of Hall and Morris, it is possible to cannulate efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels for long-term study of cells and substances in lymph and for short- and long-term infusions. By supporting the sheep in sternal recumbency (upright) to avoid positional alterations in lymphocyte traffic in short-term studies and by precise timing and measurement of lymph output and cell counts, it is possible to accumulate data on lymphocyte output into efferent lymph on a consecutive, cumulative basis and to detect long- and short-term alterations in lymphocyte traffic. With this model, studies on the effects of general and regional anesthesia were carried out on 42 unstimulated primary peripheral lymph nodes of sheep in vivo. The lymphocyte traffic depressing effects of general anesthesia were found to be significantly less when regional epidural anesthesia was employed. The duration of depression also was less. In the general anesthesia studies, the depth of depression in lymphocyte traffic appeared related to the dose and length of anesthesia. These alterations may play important roles in the immunologic responses to anesthetic compounds and approaches.
Denture sanitization is an important element in the treatment of denture stomatitis and should be emphasized in instructions to patients. A two-part study was designed to compare the efficacy of eight denture-cleaning methods in removing and/or killing aerobes, anaerobes, and yeasts on dentures. Part I tested the effectiveness of the cleaners on a pure yeast culture of C. albicans. Part II tested the various denture sanitization techniques under actual clinical conditions. The following conclusions were made from the information obtained in this study: Miller's and Kleenite were the most effective sanitizing agents. Brushing the denture with soap and water and soaking the denture in the cleaner Mersene were effective to a lesser degree. Although Clorox and Calgon was effective at killing yeast under in vitro conditions, it was not effective under clinical conditions. The other denture cleaners were not found to be effective under the clinical conditions of this study for the removal and/or killing of any of the three microorganism groups cultured. In the past, the function of denture cleaners has been to remove deposits and stains from dentures. With the present knowledge of the role of microorganisms in the etiology of denture stomatitis, more emphasis should be placed on the ability of denture cleaners to sanitize dentures.
The effects of a number of vasoactive and neurotransmitter substances on lymphocyte traffic were studied by assessing their effects on the release of lymphocytes into primary peripheral (popliteal) nodal efferent lymph of sheep following acute infusion into cannulated afferent nodal lymphatics. In a total of 23 experiments, the output of lymphocytes, small and blast, was increased by serotonin, substance P, bombesin, [met]enkephalin, isoprenaline and phenylephrine and was decreased by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and carbachol. Substances whose actions are modulated by prostaglandins and enhanced by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and which elevate blood monocyte and nervous tissue levels of cyclic GMP tended to increase lymphocyte traffic through peripheral lymph nodes in sheep in vivo. The opposite effect tended to be produced by substances whose actions require or are associated with prostaglandins or histamine, and which affect blood monocytic cyclic nucleotide levels by elevation of cyclic AMP or depression of cyclic GMP. Pain and inflammation tended to increase lymphocyte traffic, while analgesics and immunomodulators tended to decrease it.
Shock and arterial insufficiency have been observed to be associated with increased levels of sepsis and mortality. As the vast majority of small recirculating lymphocytes reach lymph nodes in arterial blood, the haemodynamic components of lymph node function would appear to be of importance. Lymphocyte traffic in sheep, as mirrored by the output of lymphocytes into the efferent lymph of popliteal lymph nodes, obtained by chronic cannulation of efferent lymphatics, was found to be sharply depressed both by intravenous nitroprusside infusion induced systemic arterial hypotension and by acute femoral arterial ligation on the side of the study node. In the nitroprusside infusion induced arterial hypotension studies, the depressions in lymphocyte traffic were closely related to the depressions in systemic arterial blood pressure. Excellent colateral circulation and compensatory physiological mechanisms in the sheep limited the duration of these depressions in lymphocyte traffic.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect on lymphocyte traffic of the long-term administration of prostaglandins to peripheral lymph nodes of sheep in vivo. In 12 studies prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was infused continuously by digital syringe pump into cannulated afferent lymphatics of nine popliteal lymph nodes in eight sheep. In 32 studies, arachidonic acid emulsified in sterile autologous serum or lymph was injected subcutaneously into the drainage area of peripheral lymph nodes in 11 sheep. Lymphocyte traffic was monitored by the output of small and blast lymphocytes into efferent lymph, which was collected by long-term cannulation. Long-term infusion of PGE2 produced a sustained decrease in the output of small lymphocytes in all of 12 studies and a decrease in blast cell output in all of the six infusions in which blast cell output was elevated prior to infusion. Cessation in PGE2 infusion was associated with increase in the output of small and blast lymphocytes into afferent lymph in all of eight studies. Single or repeated depot-type emulsion injections of arachidonic acid in amounts of 20 mg or more depressed small lymphocyte output in all of 30 studies, and injections of 0.2 mg or more depressed blast lymphocyte output in all of 22 studies in which blast cell outputs were elevated prior to the initial injection. It is observed that long-term bombardment of peripheral lymph nodes of sheep in vivo with prostaglandins, primarily of the E series, produces a chronic depression in lymphocyte traffic as mirrored in the output of small and blast cells into efferent lymph. We suggest that this response may be one of several mechanisms by which prostaglandins may affect the immune response in vivo.
Acute infusion of bradykinin into cannulated afferent lymphatics of popliteal lymph nodes of sheep in vivo consistently increased the output of both small and blast lymphocytes into efferent lymph. The increase, although marked, was limited in duration. Acute infusions of indomethacin into afferent lymphatics prior to acute bradykinin infusion prolonged markedly and increased the level of outputs of both small and blast lymphocytes. Prostaglandins appear to exert a major modulating influence on the stimulatory effects of bradykinin on lymphocyte traffic. In addition to increasing the traffic of small recirculating lymphocytes, bradykinin also appears to exert a potent stimulating influence on both the formation of blast lymphocytes and their release into efferent lymph.
Acute and chronic infusions of a lipophilic analogue of cyclic AP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) into cannulated afferent lymphatics of popliteal lymph nodes of sheep have reduced the output of both small and blast lymphocytes into efferent lymph and have tended to reduce the volume of efferent lymph flow (collected by chronic cannulation). Similar infusions of a cyclic GMP analogue (8-bromo cyclic GMP) have increased the output of both small and blast lymphocytes into efferent lymph and the volume of efferent lymph flow. It is suggested that cyclic nucleotide metabolism of lymphocytes and of vascular endothelium may play an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte traffic through peripheral lymph nodes in vivo and that secondary alterations in cellular cyclic nucleotide levels may be a common pathway by which the many and varied agents arriving in afferent lymph may affect lymphocyte traffic.
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Treatment of etiolated pea (Pisum sativum (L. cv. Alaska) seedlings with 2'-isopropyl-4'-(trimethylammonium chloride)-5'-methylphenyl piperidine-1-carboxylate (Amo-1618) prior to irradiation with white light inhibits photomorphogenesis and formation and stacking of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts, as well as (-)-kaur-16-ene (ent-kaurene)biosynthesis. Exogenous gibberellic acid also inhibits greening. A crudely determined action spectrum for the photoinduction of ent-kaurene biosynthesis shows two peaks, one in the blue region at 458 to 490 nanometers and another in the red region at 606 to 678 nanometers. The possible participation of phytochrome in the photoinduction of ent-kaurene biosynthesis is indicated by comparative effects of red, far red, and alternating red/far red irradiations on enhancement of enzyme activity. The activity of blue light as well as red shows a similarity of the photoinduction of ent-kaurene synthesis activity to the high irradiance responses, and indicates probable participation of a second photoreceptor. From these observations, it is concluded that photoinduction of ent-kaurene biosynthesis and chloroplast development in shoots are closely linked processes.
The occurrence of Hirschsprung's disease, with histologically verified colonic aganglionosis, in only 1 of 2 prematurely born and presumed identical (monozygotic) twins is reported. The occurrence of monozygotic twinning was supported by the observed sharing of a single and common placenta and by ABO and HLA identity of peripheral blood erythrocytes and leukocytes. The affected twin was of a slightly lower birth weight and experienced early respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolotis, and more prolonged umbilical artery catheterization (no encountered in the unaffected twin). This, to the authors' knowledge, is the first reported occurrence of Hirschsprung's disease discordant in monozygotic twins. The literature relating to genetic and environmental factors in clinical and experimental colonic aganglionosis is reviewed and speculation is presented regarding the occurrence of colonic aganglionosis discordant in monozygotic twins as reported here.
Kinetic of the increasing activity of histamine forming enzyme--histidine decarboxylase in host spleen and thymus, following kidney and heart allografting and after tumor cells transplantation is presented.
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Daily intralesional injections of bradykinin (250 microgram) into syngeneic SV40 virus-induced fibrosarcomas in inbred hamsters for 21 days produced marked inhibition of tumour growth, marked lymphoid cell infiltration of tumours, and significant elevations in plasma kallikrein and prekallikrein activity, compared with intralesional saline injections. All tumours were of comparable size and growth rates before injections were begun. Plasma kallikrein levels of animals which received the standard tumour cell inoculum subcutaneously and did not develop tumours were elevated significantly above normal levels and above levels of animals with large tumours. Kallikrein inhibitor activity of animals which did not develop tumours was depressed below normal levels. Intralesional injections of saline produced a significantly lesser response in plasma kallikrein and plasma prekallikrein activity than was encountered with subcutaneous saline injections in normal animals. Intralesional injections of bradykinin produced a response equivalent to that encountered with subcutaneous bradykinin injections in normal animals.
The ovary is second only to the sacroccygeal area as the commonest anatomic site for the occurrence of teratomas (including dermoid cysts) in infancy and childhood. While virtually all sacrococcygeal teratomas are present at birth or appear within the first 24 mo of life, ovarian teratomas are quite rare within the first 24 mo of life and seldom appear before 6 yr of age. Teratomas comprise half the surgically significant lesions of the ovary in infancy and childhood and carry a mean malignancy incidence of approximately 14% in this age group. Seven cases of ovarian teratoma in the first 2 yr of life have been reported. All of these have been seen in the second 12 mo of life. They differ from those occurring after 2 yr of age in the lesser incidence of abdominal pain, the higher incidence of an abdominal mass and the absence of reported malignancy.