Critical concentration of cadmium in renal cortex and urine.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T C Harvey.
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The body composition of the 17 members of the BMRES was studied using body weight and fat fold calipers, with measurements of whole body potassium and nitrogen. The full assessment was made just before departure from Birmingham and immediately on return. Daily observations of body weight and fat folds were made during the trek to high altitude. During the ascent all subjects lost body fat but there was little change in lean body mass. After return it was found that there had been further loss of body fat and some loss of lean tissue also. One subject who took methandienone retained potassium but had no increase in body nitrogen. There was no correlation between changes in body composition and acute mountain sickness.
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Serial measurements of whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen were carried out in 18 newly diagnosed diabetcs. Initial measurements were made before treatment of diabetes was commenced, and further measurements were carried out following the start of treatment. Six patients required insulin and the remainder were treated either with diet alone (four cases) or with diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Significant increases in whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen were noted following control of diabetes.Thesees. These changes were most marked in the patients treated with insulin. The techniques used for measurement of body potassium and nitrogen offer considerable advantages over conventional metabolic balance studies and the results indicate that the losses of potassium and nitrogen during period of poor diabetic control are much greater than that has been realized.
A new, rapid, non-invasive technique for measuring tissue-cadmium concentrations in patients and industrial workers has been designed and developed with a view to studying the cadmium content of the liver. The method utilises the principle of neutron-activation analysis whereby the specific changes produced by the inter action of nuclei and neutrons are analysed. Liver-cadmium content has been studied in cadavers and in four men with known of suspected cadmium poisoning. The patients all showed very high liver-cadmium levels of between 35 and 200 p.p.m. compared with under 1.0 p.p.m. in non-exposed subjects. The dose of radiation used in clinical studies was 0.4-1.0 rem and the detection limit of cadmium was 1.0 p.p.m.
Neutron capture gamma-ray analysis has been applied to the in vivo detection of Cd in man. The technique was designed for the screening of industrial workers at risk. The limit of sensitivity in a liver-sized phantom is 0-5 ppm for a dose of 0-4 rad. Reproducibility and the effects of positional uncertainties have been investigated. A number of cadavers were studied to establish normal limits prior to commencement of a programme of clinical investigation. A patient with known Cd poisoning was estimated to contain 65-110 ppm of Cd in his liver. A liver dose of 0-05 rad was required.
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