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Biomedical subjects

T C Davies

Publications and source records attributed to T C Davies.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43.

Gap junctions are made up of connexin proteins, which comprise a multigene family in mammals. Targeted mutagenesis of connexin43 (Cx43), one of the most prevalent connexin proteins, showed that its absence was compatible with survival of mouse embryos to term, even though mutant cell lines showed reduced dye coupling in vitro. However, mutant embryos died at birth, as a result of a failure in pulmonary gas exchange caused by a swelling and blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract from the heart. This finding suggests that Cx43 plays an essential role in heart development but that there is functional compensation among connexins in other parts of the developing fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A criterion-based review of preventive health care in the elderly. Part 2. A geriatric health maintenance program.

Although the geriatric population is growing rapidly and using an increasing portion of health care dollars, no consensus exists about the best approach to preventive medicine in this age group. The most comprehensive review to date is the 1989 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations. However, the USPSTF did not specifically address the unique situation of the elderly. Consequently, we have evaluated numerous screening tests and preventive interventions for the elderly by systematically applying the geriatric-specific criteria for preventive services proposed in Part 1 of this article (J Fam Pract 1992; 34: 205-224). Tests and interventions were measured against specific screening criteria and put into one of three categories: those that have been proven effective, those that may be effective but about which more research is needed, and those that are not effective. Recommendations were compared with those of the USPSTF. Proof of the efficacy of most screening tests and interventions in the current literature was found to be lacking, pointing to the need for substantial future research in this area.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The first vision.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hippocratic Oath↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic ultrasound in general practice.

A three-year diagnostic ultrasound training project for generalists is described. Specific applications and a rationale for the use of ultrasound by general physicians are presented. The current status of training programmes, credentialing strategies, and desirable equipment characteristics are also discussed. Finally, benefits, liabilities and controversies in diagnostic ultrasound imaging are reviewed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Obstetric ultrasound training for family physicians. Results from a multi-site study.

A practical program to train family physicians in obstetric ultrasound was tested with 13 family physicians. Each physician completed 6.5 days of course work and ultrasound laboratory apprenticeship prior to beginning a clinical preceptorship of approximately 14 months' duration. During the clinical preceptorship the physicians performed ultrasound studies in their own offices. All studies were reviewed by a local consultant radiologist utilizing examination data sheets and videotapes. At the conclusion of the training program, the physicians took a combined practical and written proficiency examination administered by an independent sonographer. Eight physicians completed the training, performing during the preceptorship an average of 78 examinations. The rated performance of the physicians improved markedly over the course of the preceptorship. During the last segment of the preceptorship the radiologist preceptors rated 94 percent of the ultrasound studies as acceptable, compared with 79 percent rated acceptable at the beginning of the preceptorship. Seven of the eight physicians completing the protocol took the proficiency examination: all passed. This study can provide a blueprint for an individual family physician to design his own training, or it can guide an academic department of family medicine in developing and evaluating ultrasound training programs for residents and practicing physicians.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

Compliance difficulties with progestin-supplemented estrogen replacement therapy.

Forty postmenopausal women were studied prospectively while undergoing estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Eighteen women with an intact uterus were cycled with additional progestin therapy. All but three women of the estrogen-progestin group elected to discontinue therapy because of undesirable "physiologic" withdrawal bleeding. Future progestin-ERT recommendations should take these results into consideration. Wide-scale re-education of patients and physicians will be necessary if the existing recommended regimens are to be observed. Alternatively, new or different pharmacologic agents and regimens will be necessary to achieve the postulated benefits of progestin-ERT without undesirable side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Dose-response studies with nitroso-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and dinitrosohomopiperazine in F344 rats.

Dose-response studies were carried out on female F344 rats with two carcinogenic cyclic nitrosamines, nitroso-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (NTHP) and dinitrosohomopiperazine (DNHP). Groups of 20 rats were given the nitrosamines in drinking water solution, at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1 mg/liter of the former and 110 to 1.1 mg/liter of the latter, each lower dose being 40% of the dose above it. The lengths of treatment were 25 or 30 weeks at the higher concentrations, and were extended to most of the lifespan at the lower concentrations. The mortality rate of the animals with induced tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract (and liver in the case of the highest dose of NTHP), decreased with lower doses at the higher concentrations. At the lower concentrations there was little effect on mortality rate, compared with untreated controls, but there were a number of rats with induced tumors of the upper GI tract and the incidence of these tumors increased with increasing dose of nitrosamine. Of the doses given, only the lowest dose of DNHP given for the shortest time was without significant carcinogenic effect. The relationship between dose of nitrosamine and carcinogenic potency, as measured by mortality rate, was linear over part of the range, but not at lower doses. The slopes of these dose responses differed between NTHP- and DNHP-treated animals, suggesting that the mechanisms of carcinogenesis by these two compounds are not identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Basic science in a predoctoral family practice curriculum.

A course in applied basic science was designed with topic material organized according to anatomic body regions. Details of the diagnostic method were explained early in the course, and clinical procedures for data gathering and problem analyzing were followed while the significance of basic science knowledge in dealing with clinical situations was described. A collection of 35mm slides constituted the focal point of the course. The authors conducted the course together and an atmosphere of intellectual honesty was developed through open discussion between faculty and students. Student curiosity was respected and rewarded. Summaries of the discussions were prepared retrospectively by the faculty instructors for review gy the students. This experience proved that family physicians can demonstrate effectively the relevance of basic science to clinical medicine.

Curriculum↗