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T Byers

Publications and source records attributed to T Byers.

135 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
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American Cancer Society guidelines for screening and surveillance for early detection of colorectal polyps and cancer: update 1997. American Cancer Society Detection and Treatment Advisory Group on Colorectal Cancer.

In the past, differences in opinion among professional groups about colorectal cancer screening have been a barrier to colorectal cancer prevention. It is clear that screening for colorectal cancer is currently practiced by fewer than 20% of American adults. However, a growing consensus now exists that even though we do not yet have trial data to compare precisely the various methods for screening, there is now both a compelling case for screening and a reasonable set of methods that clinicians and patients can consider. By applying the knowledge we already have, it is likely that most of the deaths from colorectal cancer in the United States could be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What can randomized controlled trials tell us about nutrition and cancer prevention?

Randomized controlled trials are regarded as the most definitive of study designs. The randomized controlled trials that have tested nutritional factors for cancer prevention are reviewed. Trials that have tested the effects of nutrients given as high-dose supplements have been largely disappointing, typically showing either no or harmful effects. Possible benefits of vitamin E for prostate cancer prevention and selenium for prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer prevention have emerged only as secondary endpoints in trials conducted for other purposes; confirmatory new trials for these nutrients are now underway or are planned. The limitations of both past and current randomized controlled trials for studying diet-cancer relationships are discussed. The disappointing findings that have emerged from short-term studies of high-dose supplements cannot be interpreted as direct tests of the diet-cancer relationship because high-dose supplements cannot fully simulate the effects of whole foods on cancer risk. As we await findings from current and future trials, we should not forget that the ample evidence from observational epidemiologic research--suggesting that diets rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many of the most common cancers--can provide a sound basis for nutritional recommendations aimed at reducing cancer risk.

Diet↗
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American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer: update of early detection guidelines for prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Also: update 2001--testing for early lung cancer detection.

Updates to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines regarding screening for the early detection of prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers, based on the recommendations of recent ACS workshops, are presented. Additionally, the authors review the "cancer-related check-up," clinical encounters that provide case-finding and health counseling opportunities. Finally, the ACS is issuing an updated narrative related to testing for early lung cancer detection for clinicians and individuals at high risk of lung cancer in light of emerging data on new imaging technologies. Although it is likely that current screening protocols will be supplanted in the future by newer, more effective technologies, the establishment of an organized and systematic approach to early cancer detection would lead to greater utilization of existing technology and greater progress in cancer control.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
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Nutrition during and after cancer treatment: a guide for informed choices by cancer survivors.

Many studies have been conducted about dietary interventions aimed at preventing cancer. The American Cancer Society has published guidelines on diet, nutrition and cancer prevention, which are updated periodically as new evidence emerges, and other groups, too, have issued statements or guidelines about nutritional strategies to prevent cancer. Much less is known, however, about optimal nutrition for cancer survivors. This report looks at the different phases of cancer survivorship, from active treatment to advanced disease, and presents existing evidence from which informed decisions can be made regarding dietary choices. Popular complementary and alternative methods related to dietary intervention are reviewed. Nutrition information is also provided according to common cancer sites. As this is an area that requires survivors and health care providers to communicate effectively, a special section on "frequently asked questions" is provided for use as a patient education handout.

Body Weight↗
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Effects of breast cancer treatments on plasma nutrient levels: implications for epidemiological studies.

The interpretation of case-control studies in which blood nutrient levels are examined as etiological factors in cancer is complicated by the possibility that either the disease or its treatment may alter these levels. Circulating levels of selected nutrients were examined prior to diagnostic biopsy and compared with levels 3 to 4 months after diagnosis among 71 women with breast cancer and 95 women with benign breast disease. Among women with benign breast disease or women with breast cancer who were not given postsurgical adjuvant drug therapy, levels of alpha-carotene, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and triglycerides did not change over time. In contrast, women who received chemotherapy had increased levels of cholesterol, retinol, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, and women on antiestrogen therapy showed increased levels of triglycerides and alpha-tocopherol. Overall, the concentrations of carotenoids (lycopene, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene) did not change in breast cancer cases, although subgroup analyses showed increased levels of beta-carotene among cases not receiving drug treatment and decreased levels among those receiving antiestrogens. In summary, blood levels of some nutrients did not appear to be affected by breast cancer or its treatments, but changes were noted for levels of plasma lipids, tocopherols, retinol, and beta-carotene. Those investigating the etiological relationship between breast cancer and circulating nutrients need to consider these effects in designing and interpreting epidemiological studies.

Adult↗