Biomedical subjects

T Bougerol

Publications and source records attributed to T Bougerol.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma levels of metapramine and its 3 major metabolites in patients with depression. Results and preliminary interpretations].

Metapramine (Timaxel) and his three major metabolites (19148 RP, 23669 RP, 19749 RP) have been determined in the plasma of 18 depressed inpatients treated by the antidepressant drug (12 women and 6 men; 7 are smokers and 11 non-smokers). In a steady state, interindividual variability is very important, especially for 23669 RP. No significant correlation exists between normalized doses (mg.kg-1) and normalized plasma concentrations (ng.ml-1/dose mg.kg-1) of metapramine or anyone of its metabolites. The plasma metabolic ratios reveal also important intraindividual and interindividual variability. Two populations of patients seem to exist: extensive metabolizers and relatively poor metabolizers, without apparent clinical consequence because 23669 RP shows an antidepressant activity. Women seem, with equal normalized doses, to exhibit higher plasma levels of unchanged metapramine than men, due to a lower protein-binding rather than to a more active metabolism. In patients who received a poly-medication smoking seems not to induce desmethylation of metapramine. The plasma metabolic ratios, compared by the analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon distribution-free test, are significatively influenced by sex and not by tobacco-smoking.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Visual potentials evoked by a pattern reversal checkerboard in 50 depressed patients].

The pertinency of the visual evoked potentials (VEP) was studied as an index of depression in a group of 50 depressed patients (according to DSM III criteria). The VEP recordings were realized before an antidepressive treatment (D0) and 4 weeks after the beginning of the treatment (D28). Identical recordings were realized with 15 healthy and voluntary reference subjects. Stimulations were reversal checkerboard. The analysis of the results indicate at D0 a reduction of P1 and N1 latencies in the depressed people compared to the reference subjects, and an increase of the P1-N1 amplitude. These differences disappear at D28 (after the antidepressive treatment), as we don't notice any significative difference between D0 and D28 with the reference subjects. The interpretation of these results leads to the hypothesis of a neurophysiological modification of the attentional processes during the depression state. The antidepressive treatment seems merely to produce a normalization of the evoked responses in the depressed patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Multidisciplinary approach to depression. Preliminary results].

In the present study, clinical interview, Visual Evoked Potentials, psychological tests, TRH test, plasmatic MHPG dosage were investigated in 30 depressed patients with major depressive disorders. All the explorations were realised before and after 28 days of an antidepressant treatment. Thanks to analysis we found out the value of psychological tests. The study of evoked potentials brings to light the existence of electrophysiological variables, subordinate to the clinical state. On the contrary, "TRH Test" does not give us any useful indication, and plasmatic MOPEG dosage, although it confirms the existence of two groups of depressed patients, does not suggest any relationship with evolutive types.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Descriptive approach to latent forms of schizophrenia].

The computerized medical file, used in routine work in an Adult Psychiatry University-Hospital Unit enabled us to select 113 cases among 1,000 consecutive hospitalizations, the diagnosis of which could possibly lead to schizophrenia. These cases which we named "paraschizophrenic states" are linked to DSM III-R criteria of borderline (27 cases), schizoid (40 cases) or schizotypical (15 cases) personalities, schizophreniform trouble and unspecified psychotic trouble (17 cases), brief reactional psychosis (14 cases). We selected 196 cases of schizophrenia in the same cohort of hospitalized patients. As it is now usually admitted, we marked out two subgroups in this second group: the positive schizophrenia which gather together the paranoid and undifferentiated patterns and the negative schizophrenia which correspond to disorganized, catatonic and residual models, according to DSM III-R criterion. We compared the "paraschizophrenic states'" group and its five subgroups (we indeed joined schizophreniform trouble and unspecified psychotic trouble under the name of "other psychotic trouble" by reason of their relative nosographic lacks of precision and of their too small sizes) with the schizophrenia's group and its two subgroups. Each group is matched for sex (1.51 men for 1 woman in the first group and 1.45 men for 1 woman in the second group). We evaluated statistics for markers usually studied in schizophrenia in each subgroup. These markers are of three classes: biographical: age during the study, age of troubles' onset, season of birth; socioeconomic: socioeconomic level of family and patient's student status; psychiatric: family (history affective trouble, psychotic trouble, alcoholism), treatment response and short- and middle-term prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative efficacy of bromocriptine, carbamazepine and cyproheptadine with neuroleptics in 24 refractory chronic schizophrenic patients].

Different drugs have been used as adjuvant to neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenia. Bromocriptine, carbamazepine and cyproheptadine have shown an efficacy added to neuroleptics in schizophrenia. In our study, 24 chronic schizophrenic inpatients considered to be resistant to neuroleptics were treated double blind with the associations haloperidol (40 mg a day)--carbamazepine (400 mg a day), haloperidol (40 mg a day)--bromocriptine (2.5 mg a day), haloperidol (40 mg a day)--cyproheptadine (24 mg a day) and haloperidol (40 mg a day)--placebo. The drugs were given successively, in a randomized succession using a latin square procedure, for four 5-weeks periods. A psychiatric assessment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the SANS (Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms) and the SAPS (Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms) occurred every two weeks. Extrapyramidal symptomatology and abnormal movements were assessed using the AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) and the Simpson-Angus scale. Using an ANOVA, we cannot show any clinical efficacy of any of those three drugs as an adjuvant to haloperidol. The discrepancy between our results and the data of the literature can be linked to the high specificity of our sample (resistance to neuroleptics). We cannot show any specific efficacy of those drugs on positive and negative symptoms, using the sub-factors of the SAPS and SANS.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical effects of clozapine: effect on negative symptoms].

OBJECTIVES: we have realized an open study in a population of chronic schizophrenic inpatients treated with clozapine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical response and the effect of extrapyramidal symptoms of this atypical antipsychotic. METHODS: our sample is composed of 25 chronic hospitalized schizophrenics (18 males, 7 females; average age = 36.57, SD = 8.41) with an initial important symptomatology (average score on BPRS = 64.92, SD = 7.99). The weekly assessment was done using PANSS and EPRS during 9 weeks. After a 15-days period of treatment adjustment, each patient reached a daily dose of 400 mg. Then the dosage was adjusted according to the clinical condition of the patients (average = 429.41 mg per day). RESULTS: using the PANSS, we identified a statistically significant (p < 0.05) clinical improvement from the fourth week of treatment for global score, positive, negative and general psychopathology sub-score. For EPRS a dramatic improvement (p < 0.01) occurred from the second week. We found no correlation between the improvement of negative symptoms and the improvement of extrapyramidal symptoms. We individualized a sub-group of 7 good responders who showed an improvement of 20% or more on PANSS global score at the ninth week. This group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) more intense initial negative symptomatology compared to non-responders. CONCLUSION: the improvement of extrapyramidal symptoms precede the improvement of psychotic symptoms; this effect underlines the good neurological tolerance of clozapine. The clinical efficacy concerns both positive and negative symptoms. The efficacy on negative symptoms seems to be primary. In our sample, patients with intense negative symptomatology improve more than others.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychometric properties of PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) in the French version in a sample of schizophrenic patients].

Our study focuses on psychometrics properties of the french version of the Positive and Negative Syndrom Scale (PANSS). 85 schizophrenic subjects, in accordance with DSM III-R criteria were included in this study. Our results allow us to discuss the construct validity and the reliability of this scale. The traditional 3 dimensions of the PANSS (positive, negative and general psychopathology) are discuss. We show that expect positive scale and general psychopathology scale average several symptomatic dimensions. We propose a 5 dimensions solution (negative, hostility, positive, disorganization, anxiety), which represent 54% of the total inertie. The internal consistency of this solution is presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Frontal lobe cognition disorders in 42 schizophrenic patients compared with 19 normal probands].

In schizophrenia, the hypothesis of frontal dysfunctions is sustained by various clinical, neuroradiological and neuropsychological observations. We have studied the degree of frontal cognitive impairment in 42 schizophrenic patients according to the DSM IV as compared to 19 normal subjects. Furthermore, the performances of the different tests were connected with the age, the duration of the disease, the severity of the illness (measured by the PANSS scale) and the incidence of the treatments. The neuropsychological tests used in this study were the D48, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the Stroop color and word test, the word fluency and a target detection test. The results obtained from this study agree with the occurrence of frontal cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Such impairments are increased with the age and the duration of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Attention models in evaluating schizophrenia].

Models of information processing, a part of cognitive psychology, have influenced theories of schizophrenia in the past few years. Study of attention disorders is an original approach of schizophrenics' cognitive disturbances. The authors have reviewed the literature of attention disorders in schizophrenia. Disorders of attention are analysed in different points of view. 'Subtype, syndromic (positive and negative forms) and symptomatic levels of analysis are documented. Subtype approach of attention disorders is not confirmed in the literature. Symptomatic approach of attention disorders in schizophrenia is actually well documented (especially for hallucination and delusion), but very heterogenous. Attention disorders are different in positive and negative syndromes of schizophrenia. Positive patients are more distractible and an early disorder of information processing is a part of cognitive disturbances of negative patients. Some neurobiological and information processing disturbances are discussed in reference of this syndromic approach.

Attention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Fluoxetine, akathisia and suicide].

Several cases of suicidal thinking or suicidal behavior during fluoxetine treatment are described in the literature. Akathisia or dysphoric extrapyramidal reactions may explain the emergence of suicidal ideation during fluoxetine treatment. Retrospective and controlled studies found no relationship between fluoxetine and the emergence of suicidal ideation. Some cases reports of akathisia or suicidal ideation with other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) suggest that same mechanisms (pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions) are involved in extrapyramidal effects during treatment with SSRIs. The clinical use of SRIs is discussed.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗