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Biomedical subjects

T Bolwig

Publications and source records attributed to T Bolwig.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following physical restraint.

OBJECTIVE: We describe a case of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following the use of physical restraint in a patient with a diagnosis of acute delusional psychotic disorder. METHOD: A new case report of DVT and PE associated with prolonged physical restraint is presented. The literature on physical restraint, DVT, and PE was reviewed using a search of Medline and Psychinfo from 1966 to the present. RESULTS: Four other reported cases of DVT and PE were found in association with physically restrained patients. CONCLUSION: Risk of DVT and PE in association with immobilization during physical restraint may occur in spite of no pre-existing risk factors. Medical guidelines for the prevention of thrombosis following physical restraint are presented. Despite the absence of controlled trials of treatment effectiveness, the catastrophic outcome of DVT and PE warrants early and vigorous intervention in patients undergoing physical restraint.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Platelet serotonin transporters and the transporter gene in control subjects, unipolar patients and bipolar patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to relate the number of platelet serotonin transporters in unipolar and bipolar patients and in control subjects to two polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene: a VNTR in intron 2 and a deletion/insertion in the promoter region. METHOD: Density of platelet serotonin transporters was determined by radioligand binding analysis. Genotyping was performed by PCR amplification of polymorphic regions followed by size determination of the obtained fragments. RESULTS: The control subjects and the two groups of patients were similar with respect to the genotype and allele distribution belonging to the two polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene for. An interaction between status (control, unipolar- or bipolar patient) and VNTR genotype regarding the number of platelet serotonin transporters was observed; unipolar patients with the genotype 12/10 had more platelet serotonin transporters than bipolar patients and controls with this genotype. No association related to the polymorphism was found in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene. CONCLUSION: An association was observed between the polymorphism in intron 2 of the serotonin transporter gene and the number of platelet serotonin transporters. Unipolar patients with a particular genotype had more platelet serotonin transporters than the corresponding controls and bipolar patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The influence of climate on development of winter depression.

126 patients suffering from winter depression participated in the study. Every second week patients completed the 13 item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the period September to May in the years 1991 to 1994. Local weather data from this period were obtained from the Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. No significant correlation was found between score on BDI and cloud cover, rainfall or atmospheric pressure. A significant correlation was found between score on BDI and minutes of sunshine, global radiation, length of daylight and temperature. This is in accordance with the theory, that lack of light is a contributing factor for development of winter depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transient decrease in calbindin immunoreactivity of the rat fascia dentata granule cells after repeated electroconvulsive shocks.

Changes in hippocampal calbindin immunoreactivity were investigated after repeated electroconvulsive shocks. Adult rats were subjected to 10, 20, or 36 electroconvulsive shocks (50 mA, 0.5 seconds), given as on shock per day, 5 days a week. The rats were sacrificed and processed for calbindin immunohistochemistry 1, 2, and 30 days after the last electroconvulsive shock. In the rats receiving 10 or 20 electroconvulsive shocks, a selective reduction of the calbindin immunoreactivity of the dentate granule cell bodies, dendrites, and mossy fibers was noted 1 and 2 days after the last electroconvulsive shock. After 36 electroconvulsive shocks there was an almost complete loss of calbindin immunoreactivity from the granule cell bodies and dendrites, and the calbindin immunoreactivity of the mossy fibers was markedly reduced. Thirty days after the last of 36 electroconvulsive shocks, the calbindin immunoreactivity was back to normal. Besides demonstrating pronounced changes associated with repeated electroconvulsive shocks, the results confirm the transient nature of these changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Increased somatostatin and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus following hippocampal kindling.

As neuropeptides may play a role in the electrical kindling model of epileptogenesis, hippocampal somatostatin, Met-enkephalin and cholecystokinin were studied by immunocytochemistry in rats 24 h following full hippocampal kindling (three stage 5 seizures). As control animals we used sham-kindled rats, unoperated rats and rats subjected to a single electroshock-induced seizure. In addition, the distribution of septohippocampal, cholinergic fibers and hippocampal mossy fibers were studied by histochemistry. The important finding was that after kindling there was, as compared to unoperated control, (1) a marked increase of somatostatin immunoreactivity in cell bodies in the dentate hilus and their presumed projections area in the outer parts of the dentate molecular layer, and (2) a marked increase of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals. We found no evidence of aberrant sprouting of mossy fiber collaterals in the fascia dentata.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Does seizure activity produce Purkinje cell loss?

Eight Wistar rats were exposed to 140 electroconvulsive seizures over 50 days. Ten rats served as controls. The density of Purkinje cells in cerebellum ranged from 15.3 to 18.5/mm in the treated rats and from 15.2 to 19.1/mm in the controls. No Purkinje cell loss was disclosed in the rats subjected to electroconvulsive seizures. Twenty-five Mongolian gerbils of the seizure-susceptible strain were selected according to seizure score with five animals in each group. Five Mongolian gerbils of a seizure-resistant strain served as controls. The density of the Purkinje cells ranged from 21.4 to 29.8/mm in the seizure-susceptible animals and from 27.6 to 31.5/mm in the controls, with a lower density in the gerbils with seizures compared with the controls (p less than 0.05). There was no relation to type or number of seizures. Eight gerbils of the seizure-susceptible strain were included as a supplementary group, to disclose any possible genetic trait as an explanation of the lower Purkinje cell density. The Purkinje cell density in these animals ranged from 24.8 to 30.9/mm and did not differ from the density in the seizure-resistant gerbils. Thus the lower density of Purkinje cells in the seizure-susceptible Mongolian gerbils is a result of seizure activity. The excessive epileptic input with stimulation of the glutamatergic innervation of the Purkinje cells resulting in a persistent elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tone may explain the damage to the Purkinje cells in the gerbils and the loss of Purkinje cells found in patients with severe epilepsy.

Animals↗