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Biomedical subjects

T Bieber

Publications and source records attributed to T Bieber.

162 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Efficiency of acitretin in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Acitretin (etretin [Ro-10-1670]) is the major metabolite of etretinate with a much shorter elimination half-life. The drug was used in the treatment of 20 patients who had cutaneous lupus erythematosus. All patients responded to treatment, but in five, the result was unsatisfactory. In 15 patients, an excellent (total clearing) or good response (marked reduction of all lesions) was seen. In seven of them, acitretin was superior to previous therapy with antimalarials and/or systemic corticosteroids. In particular, five of six patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus showed complete clearing of their lesions, usually within two to four weeks. Side effects were the same as with etretinate. It is concluded that acitretin is a highly effective and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Acitretin↗
PubMed1988

[Localized neutrophilic eccrine hydradenitis in mitoxantrone therapy: a typical side-effect of cytostatic drugs].

In a 59 year-old woman, polychemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone was started because of liver and bone marrow metastases following operative treatment of breast cancer with subsequent X-ray treatment in 1982. Three weeks after the fourth cycle of polychemotherapy multiple small, firm, reddish papules and pustules developed on the lymphedematous right arm. Histology revealed a dense, well-circumscribed granulocytic infiltrate around the acrosyringial part of the sweat gland duct. Skin lesions cleared completely after the chemotherapy had been changed to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU. The purpose of our report is to present this largely unknown distinct clinicopathologic entity caused by anthracyclines.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinical aspects, immunology and therapy].

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a distinct subset of cutaneous lupus erythematosus which is defined by clinical and immunological characteristics. With regard to clinical expression and prognosis, SCLE assumes an intermediate position within the spectrum of LE between purely cutaneous discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. The main clinical characteristics of SCLE are extensive papulosquamous or anular lesions and photosensitivity. The disease is frequently associated with Sjögren's syndrome and systemic symptoms, mainly arthralgia. Renal involvement is, however, rare. Circulating Ro-antibodies represent the main autoimmune phenomenon. An immunogenetic disposition to develop SCLE is evidenced by the detection of the HLA-B8, DR3-phenotype in a large proportion of patients. Drug therapy comprises primarily glucocorticosteroids and antimalarials, but retinoids have recently also proved highly effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cutaneous infiltrates of histiocytosis X contain plasminogen activator-bearing epidermotropic dendritic cells different from Langerhans cells.

Plasminogen activators (PA) play an important role in cell migration and tissue degradation. Considering the strong epidermotropism of atypical mononuclear cells in histiocytosis X (HX) skin infiltrates leading to intraepidermal abscess formation, it was the purpose of this study to look for tissue-type PA (t-PA) and/or urokinase-type PA (u-PA) on HX cells. Four monoclonal antibodies against PA were used, employing the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique on cryostat sections from four patients with HX. Twenty percent to 40% of infiltrating cells in the epidermis expressed the t-PA antigen. t-PA+ cells were present in the follicular centers of human tonsil, absent in normal epidermis and scanty in cutaneous infiltrates from mycosis fungoides and lupus erythematosus. Double labeling with anti-PA and T6 (CD1) or S100 protein revealed some of the HX cells to express both antigens (t-PA+ CD1+ or t-PA+ S100+). We conclude that cutaneous infiltrates of HX contain PA+ dendritic cells which are different from normal Langerhans cells and which may be responsible for the strong epidermal alterations in HX.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Human epidermal Langerhans cells internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis T6 (CD1 "NA1/34") surface antigen. Birbeck granules are involved in the intracellular traffic of the T6 antigen.

Using immunogold staining of a suspension of living human epidermal cells to identify the Langerhans cell membrane-associated antigen T6 (revealed by the monoclonal antibody BL6), we have observed internalization of T6 antigen in Langerhans cells. This phenomenon is at least partly due to receptor-mediated endocytosis involving coated pits, coated vesicles, endosomes, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. These ultrastructural results suggest that T6 antigen may be part of a receptor site. Following receptor-mediated endocytosis, the appearance in the cell center of the first labeled Birbeck granules suggests that Birbeck granules could represent T6 intracellular transport organelles carrying T6 from the central part of the cell to an unknown destination.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1987

[Erosive pustulous dermatitis of the scalp].

We present a 46-year-old female patient suffering from progressive, pustular and erosive lesions of the scalp. The nosology and the differential diagnosis of this disease entity, called erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp, are discussed.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Reactivity of monoclonal antibody BE 2 in different stages of mycosis fungoides and in benign dermal infiltrates.

The cutaneous infiltrate in mycosis fungoides (MF) is predominantly composed of T4-positive T-cells. Attempts to distinguish the early stages of this condition from benign inflammatory infiltrates using anti-T3, T4 and other T-cell-associated antibodies have hitherto been unsuccessful. Recently a monoclonal antibody BE 2 has been described as selectively reacting against leukemic cells in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. To investigate whether the BE 2 antigen is differentially expressed in different stages of MF and benign dermatoses, thus facilitating diagnosis, especially of early MF, the reactivity of monoclonal antibody BE 2 against cutaneous infiltrates from such conditions was assessed. In the early stages of MF only a small number of reactive cells was present. In benign inflammatory infiltrates, especially in those that clinically and histologically were hardly distinguishable from early MF, BE 2 reactivity was essentially the same as in eczematous-stage MF. Lesions from plaque and tumor stage MF contained large numbers of BE 2-reactive cells. Our results indicate that expression of BE 2 is associated with the stage of a given MF lesion and is essentially identical in early MF and eczematous lesions with a similar histopathological appearance.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[The Langerhans cell: outpost of the immune system in the epidermis].

The Langerhans cell is a dendritic cell within the epidermis, which shows itself as the outer guardian of the immunological system. The cell stretches dendrites between the keratinocytes, makes a spiderweblike antigen snare, and thus plays the part of a highly specialized macrophage within the epidermal tissue. The development of new identification methods has made it possible to study the functions of the Langerhans cell in allergic contact dermatitis. The roll this cell plays in the pathogenesis of other dermatoses is still unclear, however.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Langerhans cells do not express alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine (AMAC)-1.

We have cloned a novel human CC chemokine, alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine (AMAC)-1 that is highly homologous to macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. In contrast to MIP-1alpha, AMAC-1 is induced in macrophages by Th2-associated cytokines IL4, IL13, and IL10 in vitro; in addition, AMAC-1 is expressed by Th1-suppressive alveolar macrophages in vivo. Surprisingly, however, AMAC-1 is also expressed by GM-CSF-induced, in vitro monocyte-derived dendritic cells when treated by IL4. Here, we present a detailed analysis of AMAC-1 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro and show that the prime dendritic cells in vivo, i.e. epidermal Langerhans cells, do not express AMAC-1 mRNA. In conclusion, AMAC-1 is a novel CC chemokine whose Th2-associated expression pattern in alternatively activated suppressor macrophages in vivo and in vitro and its absence from epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo suggest that it may be involved in inhibition of Th1 reactions and in tolerance induction.

Chemokines, CC↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Papular palmoplantar hyperkeratosis following chronic medical exposure to arsenic: human papillomavirus as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of arsenical keratosis?

This study presents the case of a 38-year-old patient from Pakistan with vitiligo, who developed multiple verrucous papules on the palms and soles several years after receiving "herbal treatment" from a travelling Indian doctor for a period of 12 months. Histopathological examination showed changes consistent with the diagnosis of arsenical keratosis. Molecularbiological examination of a skin biopsy detected an atypical human papillomavirus. This observation supports the concept of human papillomavirus as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of premalignant arsenic-induced skin tumours.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unexpected functions of FcepsilonRI on antigen-presenting cells.

In contrast to mast cells and basophils, the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) shows structural and functional differences. It consists only of a minimal structure of one alpha- and two gamma-chains and enables APC to efficiently take up and present antigen in IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions that are thought to play a pivotal role in atopic diseases. However, recent studies of FcepsilonRI signal transduction and function on APC suggest additional mechanisms by which FcepsilonRI engagement on APC could affect inflammatory reactions. FcepsilonRI ligation is able to induce major signaling events like protein tyrosine kinase activation including p72(syk) leading to PLC-gamma1 phosphorylation and consecutive calcium influx. Late signaling events like the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB provide a link to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th-polarizing factors such as IL-12 and the induction of antiapoptotic factors. FcepsilonRI-mediated IL-10 production in monocytes could also influence their differentiation. Since there are hints that in vivo a functional FcepsilonRI signaling pathway only exists in individuals from an atopic background, we suggest that these unexpected mechanisms may have an effect on inflammatory reactions in atopic diseases.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fc epsilon RI on human epidermal Langerhans cells: an old receptor with new structure and functions.

Structural and functional analysis of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilonRI) on Langerhans cells (LCs) has highlighted new aspects of the biology of this structure when expressed on antigen-presenting cells. In contrast to effector cells of anaphylaxis, i.e. basophils and mast cells, where Fc epsilonRI is a tetrameric structure constitutively expressed at high levels, this receptor on LCs lacks the classical beta-chain and its expression varies depending on the donor and the inflammatory environment of the cells in the skin. Although the signalling pathway seems to be similar to that of basophils or mast cells, only LCs from individuals with atopic dermatitis are fully activated by receptor ligation while LCs from normal individuals fail to exhibit calcium mobilization. LCs from normal and atopic individuals use Fc epsilonRI to maximize antigen uptake via specific IgE and subsequent presentation to T cells and may be responsible for driving the T cell response in either Th0, Th1 or Th2 type.

Humans↗