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Biomedical subjects

T Beppu

Publications and source records attributed to T Beppu.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Influence of esophageal transection for esophageal varices on serum bile acid level.

The concentration of total bile acids in the serum was measured in thirty-three patients before and after esophageal transection for esophageal varices, in an attempt to determine the influence of this surgery on the naturally developed portasystemic shunt and also the liver function relating to the bile acid metabolism. The levels of fasting total bile acids in the serum were decreased on the first postoperative day, but gradually increased up to the preoperative levels by the twenty-first postoperative day. The maximum value of total bile acids, as determined in ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance tests, was decreased after the esophageal transection (p less than 0.01). The average of the maximum total bile acids in UDCA tolerance tests was 79.5 microM in the preoperative stage, and 61.0 microM in the postoperative stage. This finding suggested that esophageal transection abolished the portasystemic collaterals and contributed to an increase in efficient hepatic blood flow, which led to the improvement of liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical effect of cephems: cefoperazone in the treatment of postoperative infections].

Cefoperazone (CPZ) has a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive, -negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms, it is also highly active against Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. which are hardly susceptible to current cephalosporins. The clinical studies on CPZ were performed in postoperative wound infections and abdominal cavity infections, and the following results were obtained. Overall clinical effect: The rates of effectiveness were 100% in postoperative wound infections and 71.4% in abdominal cavity infections. Bacteriological effect: The rates of eradication were 90% in postoperative wound infections and 80% in abdominal cavity infections. Side effects: Any side effects on marked changes in laboratory findings were not observed in any of the cases treated with CPZ. Based on the above results, we considered that CPZ is a highly useful antibiotic for the treatment of postoperative infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Case of calcified prolactinoma combined with Rathke's cleft cysts].

A case of chromophobe adenoma with capsular calcification combined with Rathke's cleft cysts is presented. A 28-year-old woman presented with a seven-year history of amenorrhea. Several months before admission to our department of neurosurgery on November 6, 1982, she developed galactorrhea and difficulty in reading because of visual failure. Neurological examination on admission revealed bitemporal hemianopsia, visual disturbance, left optic atrophy. Plain skull films and CT scan showed suprasellar capsular calcification. The patients hormonal status was assessed pre- and postoperatively. The basal serum prolactin (PRL) level was elevated at 790ng/ml, but other hormone basal plasma levels were within normal limits despite decrease in FSH, LH, The LH, FSH and PRL demonstrated a blunted response to LH-RH (100 micrograms). Both TSH and PRL demonstrated a blunted response to TRH (500 micrograms). The GH showed no response to insulin tolerance test (0.1 U/kg). On November 24, right frontal craniotomy was performed. A grayish bulging mass was noted surrounded by a calcified layer(2-3 mm) in the suprasellar region. When incised this calcified hard layer, showed multi-small cysts with yellow fluid. Under the cyst layer, there was a soft mass which was curetted easily. Histologically, under the ossified layer, there were multi-small cysts, lined by a single layer of ciliated columnar epithelium. The central soft mass was regarded as a chromophobe adenoma with no calcified body. Following partial removal of the tumor, there was prompt improvement in clinical signs and plasma PRL level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative determination of non-sulfated bile acids in the serum of patients with hepatobiliary diseases by mass fragmentography.

Individual non-sulfated bile acids in the serum of 65 patients with hepatobiliary diseases were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Serum with deuterium labeled deoxycholic acid as an internal standard was hydrolyzed with strong alkali, extracted with ether after acidification under cooling, and quantitated by mass fragmentography as the hexafluoroisopropyl-trifluoracetyl derivatives. In obstructive jaundice, the ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher than others. Cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid levels were correlated with total bilirubin levels in obstructive jaundice and acute hepatitis. Lithocholic acid value was independent of the degree of liver injury. Total bile acid value was helpful in estimating the extent of liver cell injury and cholestasis, and these two pathological conditions can be distinguished to some extent by cholic to chenodeoxychoic acid ratio.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1983

Determination of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in serum by mass fragmentography.

A Sep-Pak C18 cartridge was used for purification of bile acids from serum. Three kinds of deuterium labeled internal standards were required for accurate measurement of individual sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids. These internal standards were added to the serum before its application to the cartridge. Separation of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids was performed on piperidinohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The nonsulfate fraction was submitted to alkaline hydrolysis, and the sulfate fraction to solvolysis followed by alkaline hydrolysis. Each fraction was converted to the hexafluoroisopropyl-trifluoroacetyl derivatives and quantitated by mass fragmentography. The recovery of each bile acid sulfate was quite satisfactory. In fasting healthy subjects the mean of total nonsulfated bile acids in serum was 1.324 micrograms/ml, and that of total sulfated bile acids was 0.450 micrograms/ml. Sulfated lithocholic acid comprised a large part of sulfated bile acids in healthy subjects.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase by anions: possible existence of two anion-binding sites in the site for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

Certain anions were found to inhibit p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas desmolytica. The inhibition was of competitive or mixed type with respect to NADPH (apparent Ki = 4-30 mM). Among the anions, monovalent anions such as halogen ions and azide inhibited ionization of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate (p-hydroxybenzoate) on binding with the enzyme . substrate complex of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, without dissociating the substrate from the enzyme. On the other hand, multivalent anions (anions of polybasic acids), such as inorganic phosphate, borate, and sulfate, did not inhibit the ionization. Halogen ions induced remarkable spectral changes in the FAD moiety of the enzyme on binding, while the change due to inorganic phosphate was only slight. Chloride inhibited the binding of NADH with the enzyme as well as that of NADPH, whereas borate inhibited the binding of only NADPH. These results indicate that the monovalent and multivalent anions probably bind to the sites in the enzyme which interact, respectively, with the pyrophosphate and 2'-phosphate moieties of NADPH. The results provide strong support for the catalytic mechanism in which the phenolate anion of p-hydroxybenzoate participates in the process of substrate hydroxylation by C (4a) peroxyflavin. The results also suggest that repeated ionization/neutralization of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate may occur during one cycle of the catalytic turnover.

4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase↗
PubMed1983

Purification and properties of a cytochrome P-450 of a fungus, Fusarium oxysporum.

A cytochrome P-450 was isolated from a fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, which grew on a medium containing soybean oil as a sole carbon source. It was found as a heme protein that possess lipoxygenase activity, and seemed to exist in the soluble fraction of cell-free extracts. The cytochrome revealed multiplicity and could be separated into a least 3 fractions (A, B, and C). Two of them, termed Fusarium P-450A and -B, were highly purified. The complex of the ferrous Fusarium P-450 with carbon monoxide showed a Soret peak at 447 nm. The properties of the cytochromes (P-450A and -b) were closely similar to each other, the only detectable difference being in the pI (isoelectric point) value (5.2 and 5.0, respectively). The pI and molecular weight (48,000) values together with amino acid composition of Fusarium P-450 were similar to those of other cytochromes P-450 from various sources. Some other spectral properties as well as interactions with various ligands were also studied. Peroxidase or chloroperoxidase activity was not detected with Fusarium P-450.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Genetic analysis of A-factor synthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces griseus.

A-factor is a potent pleiotropic effector produced by Streptomyces griseus and is essential for streptomycin production and spore formation in this organism. Its production is widely distributed among various actinomycetes including Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Genetic analysis of A-factor production was carried out with S. coelicolor A3(2), and two closely linked loci for A-factor mutations (afsA and B) were identified between cysD and leuB on the chromosomal linkage map. In contrast, genetic crosses of A-factor-negative mutants of S. griseus, using a protoplast fusion technique, failed to give a fixed locus for A-factor gene(s) and suggested involvement of an extrachromosomal or transposable genetic element in A-factor synthesis in this organism.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1983

Cloning of a pleiotropic gene that positively controls biosynthesis of A-factor, actinorhodin, and prodigiosin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces lividans.

A-factor (2S-isocapryloyl-3S-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone), an autoregulating factor originally found in Streptomyces griseus, is involved in streptomycin biosynthesis and cell differentiation in this organism. A-factor production is widely distributed among actinomycetes, including Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces lividans. A chromosomal pleiotropic regulatory gene of S. coelicolor A3(2) controlling biosynthesis of A-factor and red pigments was cloned with a spontaneous A-factor-deficient strain of S. lividans HH21 and plasmid pIJ41 as a host-vector system. The restriction endonuclease KpnI-digested chromosomal fragments were ligated into the plasmid vector and introduced by transformation into the protoplasts of strain HH21. Three red transformants thus selected were found to produce A-factor and to carry a plasmid with the same molecular weight, and a 6.4-megadalton fragment was inserted in the KpnI site of pIJ41. By restriction endonuclease mapping and subcloning, a restriction fragment (1.2 megadaltons, approximately 2,000 base pairs) bearing the gene which causes concomitant production of A-factor and red pigments was determined. The red pigments were identified by thin-layer chromatography and spectroscopy to be actinorhodin and prodigiosin, both of which are the antibiotics produced by S. coelicolor A3(2). The cloned fragment was introduced into the A-factor-negative mutants (afs) of S. coelicolor A3(2) by using pIJ702 as the vector, where it complemented one of these mutations, afsB, characterized by simultaneous loss of A-factor and red pigment production. We conclude that the cloned gene pleiotropically and positively controls the biosynthesis of A-factor, actinorhodin, and prodigiosin.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1983

Serum concentrations of bile acid glucuronides in hepatobiliary diseases.

Bile acid glucuronides in the serum in various hepatobiliary diseases (36 cases) were quantitated by mass fragmentography and their clinical significance was discussed. Serum was added to defined amounts of deuterium-labeled bile acids and their glucuronide and sulfate derivatives, and the bile acids were separated into unconjugated, glucuronidated and sulfated groups after enzymatic cleavage of amide bonds. The liberated bile acids were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Bile acid glucuronides comprised about 7-8% of the total bile acids in the serum of various patients. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the major glucuronidated bile acid while cholic acid was mostly unconjugated. Lithocholic acid was almost all either sulfated or glucuronidated. In patients with obstructive jaundice, glucuronidated bile acids also comprised about 5%, although their absolute amounts were increased. In patients with liver cirrhosis, bile acid glucuronides were decreased, especially in decompensated cases, possibly as a result of hepatocellular dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Leptomycins A and B, new antifungal antibiotics. I. Taxonomy of the producing strain and their fermentation, purification and characterization.

A strain of Streptomyces was found to produce new antifungal antibiotics. The active compounds were purified and separated into two substances named leptomycin A and B by high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular formulae of leptomycins A and B are C32H46O6 and C33H48O6 respectively, and physicochemical and biological properties of them are very similar to each other. Leptomycins A and B exhibit strong inhibitory activity against Schizosaccharomyces and Mucor.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1983

Leptomycins A and B, new antifungal antibiotics. II. Structure elucidation.

The structures of new antifungal antibiotics, leptomycins A and B produced by Streptomyces sp. ATS1287 were determined as described below (Fig. 1) on the basis of their spectral and chemical character. Leptomycins have unique structures which belong to the unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acids with delta-lactone rings at the end.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1983

Secondary renal oxalosis. A statistical analysis of its possible causes.

Various clinical and pathologic items were examined regarding renal oxalosis in 501 autopsy cases. The rubeanic acid method (Yasue) was applied to 501 kidney sections to demonstrate the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. The extent of renal oxalosis was determined by counting the black-stained crystals per 10 low-power field (1.3 cm2). Thus, severe oxalosis (more than 50 crystals) was observed in 38 cases; moderate oxalosis (between 10 and 50 crystals) in 19 cases; mild (fewer than 10 crystals) in 36 cases, and no deposition in 408 cases. Acute or chronic renal failure and xylitol infusion were found to be highly correlated to renal oxalosis. Cases with diabetes mellitus, with hepatocellular degeneration, or with glucose infusion, as well as neoplasms or some other alleged causes, were found to be primarily unrelated to renal oxalosis, even though the overlapping renal insufficiency, or xylitol infusion caused some of these items to appear related. In cases with xylitol infusion, the extent of renal oxalosis was shown to be dose-dependent: No severe or moderate oxalosis was observed in cases where the total dose of infusion was less than 100 g, while in cases over 500 g, 10/24, or 44 percent, showed severe oxalosis.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1983

[Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in arteriovenous malformation].

Cerebral vasospasm after SAH from AVMs is rare. Only few reports have been made. Vasospasm was confirmed in 4 out of 13 patients with SAH from AVMs at the Sagamihara National Hospital in the past 5 years. The incidence of vasospasm following rupture of AVM is higher than those in previous reports ranging between 8 and 12 percent. This high incidence (31%) might be attributable to the timing from the last SAH attack until angiography. The existence of massive subarachnoid blood clots around the arteries of the circle of Willis is the most important factor causing vasospasm after SAH from AVMs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Albumin therapy for patients with increased intracranial pressure: oncotic therapy].

Albumin plays an important role in maintaining an adequate plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP). On the basis of the Starling's law, we postulated that elevation of plasma COP produced by infusion of serum albumin would result in the withdrawal of cerebral interstitial fluid. To test the hypothesis that an oncotic gradient would produce cerebral dehydration and result in reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP), we infused intravenously 25% solution of salt-poor human serum albumin, 2g/kg over 60 minutes for 10 patients with increased ICP. In these 10 patients, the degree of brain edema was not severe but mild to moderate by judging from CT scan findings. In addition to ICP, various parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulse rate, PaCO2 and urine volume were measured before, during and after albumin infusion. Hematological studies including COP, total protein, albumin-globulin ratio, protein fractions, hematocrit (Ht), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and electrolytes were also performed before, during and after administration of albumin. The raised ICP (27.4 +/- S.E. 1.6 mmHg) decreased significantly down to 19.1 (+/- 1.9) mmHg and remained stable for at least 240 minutes without any changes of MABP, pulse rate and PaCO2. CVP elevated significantly and remained at higher levels in comparison with control despite increase of urine output after administration of albumin. This results suggested that an adequate circulatory volume was maintained. A significant increase of total protein, serum albumin concentrations and albumin-globulin ratio was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A histidine residue in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase essential for binding of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

Chemical modification with diethylpyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic anhydride) was examined to demonstrate the existence of an essential histidine residue at the NADPH-binding site of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2) from Pseudomonas desmolytica. Among some ligands, NADPH was noticeable in protecting the enzyme from the modification-caused inactivation. Although several amino acid residues were modified during the inactivation process, inhibition of the enzyme could be correlated with modification of a single histidine residue which was masked by addition of NADPH. The pK of the essential histidine residue was estimated to be 6.5-6.7. The Kd (Km) for NADPH of the inactivated enzyme was shown to have been increased greatly, although the Kd for substrate (p-hydroxybenzoate) was not changed.

4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase↗