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T Banks

Publications and source records attributed to T Banks.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Diversity in junctional sequences associated with the common human V gamma 9 and V delta 2 gene segments in normal blood and lung compared with the limited diversity in a granulomatous disease.

The T cell receptor (TCR) junctional regions (N regions) of the common human V gamma 9 and V delta 2 gene segments were sequenced from the blood and lung of normal individuals (195 transcripts) and a group of individuals with sarcoidosis (220 transcripts), a granulomatous disease in which increased numbers of V gamma 9+ gamma/delta + T cells are often observed. In normal individuals, the vast majority (86%) of blood V gamma 9 transcripts used the J gamma P gene segment. In contrast to this restriction of J region usage, there was a large diversity of the junctional region, with less than 20% of blood V gamma 9 junctional regions showing identical sequences for any one normal individual. For the blood V delta 2 transcripts in normal individuals, there was restriction of J region usage, with 93% using J delta 1. The junctional regions were even more diverse than for V gamma 9, with a unique sequence observed in each transcript examined. Compared with blood, sequences from the normal lung showed a small increase in identical junctional regions, particularly in one individual where 46% of V gamma 9 transcripts examined were identical, suggesting a response of some gamma/delta T cells to antigens found in the lung in the normal state. In marked contrast to normals, some individuals with sarcoidosis had large numbers of V gamma 9 transcripts, as well as V delta 2 transcripts, sharing identical sequences. For V gamma 9 blood transcripts, two individuals showed 84 and 56% of junctional region sequences to be identical, respectively. Similarly, blood V delta 2 transcripts showed 43, 33, and 25% identical junctional region sequences in three individuals. In the sarcoid patient with the most striking over-representation of blood V gamma 9 junctional sequences, lung V gamma 9 transcripts showed increased (67%) use of the same junctional region sequence as in blood. This limited diversity of TCR junctional regions among some individuals with sarcoidosis suggests a response from specific stimuli, possibly antigenic, and that gamma/delta T cells may play a specific role in granuloma formation in sarcoidosis, as has been suggested in other granulomatous diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Domain structure of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein B: neutralizing epitopes map in regions of continuous and discontinuous residues.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) is a multifunctional glycoprotein required for infectivity; it is thought to promote fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane and entry of virions into cells. To map the antigenic and functional domains on gB, we constructed amino terminal derivatives lacking the entire carboxyl terminus and internal deletion mutants lacking defined regions of the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Transient expression of the mutants in COS-1 cells revealed that the amino terminal derivatives were released into the medium whereas those with deletions in the extracellular domain were mostly retained within the transfected cells. Analysis of intact gB and the amino terminal derivatives showed that the intact molecule formed dimers whereas the mutant derivatives did not. Reactions of the derivatives with a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies to gB showed that the neutralizing epitopes cluster in two domains. The first maps in the amino terminal 190 residues and contains seven continuous epitopes, five of which are HSV-1-specific. Reactions of antibodies with a set of oligopeptides fine-mapped the epitopes between residues 1 and 47. The second domain is composed of discontinuous epitopes and was expressed by amino terminal derivatives that were at least 457 residues in length or longer. Eleven epitopes map in this region, including those of four potent neutralizing antibodies whose cognitive sites mapped between residues 273 and 298 in mapping studies using antibody-resistant mutants. Results of the present study indicate that the cognitive sites of these antibodies are assembled into the discontinuous domain by juxtaposing residues from the amino-terminal half of gB monomers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

A major neutralizing domain maps within the carboxyl-terminal half of the cleaved cytomegalovirus B glycoprotein.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) encodes several glycoproteins reported to be structural homologues of glycoproteins encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To map the antigenic and functional domains on the 907 amino acid CMV glycoprotein B (gB), we cloned and expressed a subfragment of BamHI fragment R of the CMV (Towne) genome into an expression vector and reacted the resulting gene product with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Our results showed that the DNA fragment encodes related glycoproteins which we previously designated gA and which others have reported to be homologous to HSV-1 gB in CMV (AD169). Analyses of the processing of CMV gB transiently expressed in eukaryotic cells showed that glycosylation occurred independently of viral infection. Ten antibodies with complement-dependent and independent neutralizing activity reacted with a truncated derivative of gB that contained 619 amino-terminal residues but lacked the transmembrane and intracellular regions of the molecule. Twelve additional antibodies reacted with a CHO cell line expressing a 680 amino-terminal derivative of gB. All of the reactive antibodies precipitated the 447 residue carboxy-terminal cleavage product of gB from extracts of CMV-infected cells. These results showed that the neutralizing epitopes map in at least two domains of gB which are located in a discontinuous segment of 219 amino acids between residues 461 and 680 from the amino terminus of the molecule.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1989

Dietary management of the patient with atherosclerosis: are the new National Cholesterol Education Panel recommendations enough?

The black patient has a poorer prognosis with arteriosclerotic heart disease than does a white patient and needs a more aggressive approach to reduce cholesterol and other risk factors. The new National Cholesterol Education Panel recommendations are similar to those used in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial study which lowered cholesterol levels only by 5% to 7% over a seven-year period. We recommend a more aggressive dietary approach introducing the postinfarction patient to a less than 10% fat and 50 mg cholesterol vegetarian diet while recovering in the hospital.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Pneumoperitoneum associated with mechanical ventilation.

The true incidence of pneumoperitoneum associated with mechanical ventilation is unknown, but current estimates range from rare to 7 percent of intubated intensive care unit patients. This syndrome should be strongly suspected when pneumoperitoneum develops in a mechanically ventilated patient with a combination of (1) peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) greater than 40 cm H(2)O; (2) positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) greater than 6 cm H(2)O; and (3) coexistent evidence of significant pulmonary barotrauma. An illustrative case report is presented where this entity was recognized and the patient managed without laparotomy. Controlled prospective studies should determine the true importance of this problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Echocardiographic diagnosis of supravalvular aortic stenosis.

The echocardiographic features of supravalvular aortic stenosis seen in a patient with valvular aortic and multiple pulmonary branch stenosis are described. Since patterns of valvular, discrete subvalvular, and supravalvular aortic stenosis can be recognized by echocardiography, it is now possible to screen close relatives of patients having supravalvular aortic stenosis and pulmonary branch stenosis by this non-invasive technic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Infective endocarditis as a complication of heroin use.

Infective endocarditis in heroin addicts has been reported to have a mortality as high as 85% and reports have varied widely regarding predominant valvular involvement and infecting microorganisms. A retrspective study was done and 61 cases of heroin-associated infective endocarditis were identified at Freedmen's Hospital and the District of Columbia General Hospital, Washington, DC between January 1969 and January 1973. Our results indicate that staphylococcal infection of the tricuspid valve has a much higher incidence in this population than has generally been believed and that it is the predominant presentation of infective endocarditis in these patients. The outcome of patients in our series compares favorably with previous reports and suggests that early diagnosis and prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are important and may lead to improved survival in addicts with tricuspid endocarditis.

Adolescent↗