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T Baker

Publications and source records attributed to T Baker.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
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A benzodiazepine-anticholinergic drug synergism in the prevention of stress-induced gastric mucosal erosion in mice.

Chlordiazepoxide and clidinium each, as a function of dose, prevent stress-induced gastric mucosal erosion in mice. Clidinium was 2.5 times more potent than chlordiazepoxide. When used in a combination of 2 parts chlordiazepoxide and 1 part clidinium, the protective effect was nearly five times greater than that produced by clidinium alone. Furthermore, the combination dosing proved nearly three times more potent than the potency that was predicted from simple additivity of the individual drug effects. This potentiation appears related to the number of ways in which the combination treatment can decrease autonomic input to the gastric mucosa. Thus, the peripheral cholinergic blockade by clidinium may be potentiated by a central chlordiazepoxide suppression of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. Therefore, the combined use of these drugs in the therapy of stress-induced gastric disorder appears to have a rational pharmacologic basis.

Animals↗
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Weekly paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or persistent advanced ovarian cancer.

The purpose of the study is to assess the role of palliative chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel in patients with persistent or recurrent advanced ovarian cancer. Twenty-eight patients with predominantly paclitaxel- and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer disease were treated with weekly paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 for 6-8 weeks. In 25 patients (89.2%), this combination represented at least a third line of therapy and for 14 patients (50%) it was more than the fifth line. A clinical response rate of 50% (14 partial responses) was obtained in the 28 patients with evaluable disease. Five patients (17.9%) had stable disease and nine patients (32.1%) had progression of disease. In patients with stable disease or a response, the median progression-free interval was 6 months and overall median survival is 8+ months. All the responses in paclitaxel-resistant tumors were seen in patients with a paclitaxel-free interval of more than 12 months. This regimen is well tolerated with acceptable toxicity. These data suggest that weekly paclitaxel has considerable antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant advanced ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
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Efficacy of adjuvant CYVADIC chemotherapy in early-stage uterine sarcomas: results of long-term follow-up.

Data on adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage uterine sarcomas are conflicting and most often based on small patient groups with relatively short duration of follow-up. Approximately 60% of patients present with stage I disease with an overall 5-year survival of 30-50% when treated with surgery alone. This study examines the efficacy and results of long-term follow-up of a multiagent chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for patients with stage I uterine sarcoma. Between 1982 and 1999, 24 evaluable patients with completely staged uterine sarcomas received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate (1mg /m(2)) on days 1 and 4, doxorubicin (40 mg /m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (400 mg /m(2)) on day 2, and dacarbazine (200 mg /m(2)) on days 1 through 4 for a total of nine monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. Survival distributions were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical significance was determined with the log-rank test. Factors significant on univariate analysis were analyzed in a multivariate fashion using Cox proportional hazards model. The histologic distribution of patients was 46% leiomyosarcoma, 33% mixed mullerian tumors, 13% stromal sarcomas, 4% adenosarcomas, and 4% hemangiosarcoma. The patients received 206 of a planned 216 cycles of chemotherapy. The median follow-up of the patient population was 93 months (range 11-213 months). Eight patients (33%) developed recurrent disease. The median time to recurrence was 19 months (range 7-184 months). The estimated survival for the entire group was 88, 75, and 69% at 2, 5, and 15 years, respectively. Factors that did not affect survival included age, histology, and tumor grade. Four patients required dose reductions secondary to grade 2-3 toxicities (hematologic). Grade 1 neurotoxicity was observed in six patients (25%) and grade 2 neurotoxicity in one patient (4%). Adjuvant CYVADIC chemotherapy appears to be safe and well tolerated in patients with stage I uterine sarcomas. Our data provide information on the longest duration of follow-up ever reported and suggests that CYVADIC may have a potential role in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage uterine sarcoma.

Adult↗
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Effects of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the growth rate of xenografted human bronchogenic carcinomas.

1. The influence of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists and agonists on the volume doubling times (Td) of human bronchogenic carcinomas propagated as s.c. xenografts in immunosuppressed mice was examined. 2. The H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, increased Td. 3. Treatment with the H2-receptor agonist, 4-methyl histamine, had no effect on Td. 4. Co-administration of 4-methyl histamine and cimetidine abolished the effects of cimetidine. 5. The 5-HT2-receptor antagonists, cinanserin and ketanserin, both increased Td. 6. Treatment with the 5-HT1/2-receptor agonist quipazine (0.1 mg/kg, reflecting 5-HT2 agonist activity) decreased Td, while a higher dose (10.0 mg/kg) had no effect. 7. The 5-HT1/2-receptor antagonist, methiothepin, decreased Td. 8. The 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, increased Td in one tumour line but not in another, while the 5-HT releaser/depletor, fenfluramine, increased Td. 9. Histamine may stimulate tumour growth through the histamine H2-receptor, while the dominant effect of 5-HT is 5-HT1-receptor inhibition. 10. Tumour growth in some bronchogenic carcinomas may involve 5-HT uptake mechanisms.

Animals↗
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Prevalence of prostatic cysts in adult, large-breed dogs.

The prevalence of prostatic cysts was evaluated in 85 adult, male dogs weighing more than 16 kg which were admitted for problems unrelated to the prostate gland. Urine culture and prostatic evaluation by ultrasonography were performed in all dogs. Prostatic cysts were identified in 12 (14%) of the 85 dogs. Cultures of prostatic cysts were positive in five (42%) of the 12 dogs. Nonclinical, aerobic bacteriuria was documented in 9% of the study population. Urine cultures correlated with prostatic cyst cultures in four of the five dogs that had positive prostatic cyst cultures. Results of this study indicate that the prevalence of prostatic cysts in adult, intact male dogs is approximately 14% and that approximately 42% are infected with bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the incidence of nausea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and diagnostic laparoscopy.

Thirty-four patients undergoing gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy and 30 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies were followed prospectively for nausea and vomiting 24 hours postoperatively. Diagnostic laparoscopy patients had a significantly higher incidence of nausea and vomiting than laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with similar anesthetic techniques, duration of surgery, and population parameters. All patients had their stomach contents suctioned after induction. While both procedures involve bowel manipulation, patient position and organ manipulation differ: diagnostic laparoscopy involves the Trendelenburg position and laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves the reverse Trendelenburg; diagnostic laparoscopy involves the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes while laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves mainly the gall-bladder and its appendages. These factors may contribute to the differences found in this study.

Adult↗
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Accidental Falls↗
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Long-acting diltiazem CD is safe and effective in a hypertensive Mexican-American population.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of diltiazem CD for reducing blood pressure in Mexican-American patients with mild to moderate hypertension. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Twelve clinical sites in the United States. PATIENTS: Patients with baseline diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 115 mm Hg. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated with an average daily dose of diltiazem CD 246 mg (60 patients) or placebo (58 patients) to achieve a trough diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Diltiazem CD significantly reduced mean diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo, -8.2 versus -4.1 mm Hg, respectively (p=0.0025). Diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg or a reduction of 10 mm Hg or more was achieved by 57% of diltiazem CD versus 28% of placebo recipients. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were also reduced with diltiazem CD. Adverse events were mild, with similar frequency for diltiazem CD (15%) and placebo (19%). CONCLUSION: Diltiazem CD is safe and effective in hypertensive Mexican-Americans, and diastolic blood pressure reductions compare with those in non-Hispanic white patients.

Adolescent↗