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Biomedical subjects

T B Young

Publications and source records attributed to T B Young.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional study of recurrent herpes labialis. Prevalence and risk factors.

Consecutive blood donors at 25 sites in southern Wisconsin were interviewed in 1985 to ascertain recurrent herpes labialis histories, other perioral conditions, and status on possible predisposing factors and correlates of lesion recurrence. The prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis was 32.9%. Of the cases, 51.3% reported at least two recurrences per year, 8.6% characterized their condition as severe, and 10% sought medical care. Relations were examined between recurrent herpes labialis and family history of the disease, ethnicity, complexion, hair and eye color, other chronic perioral conditions, solar radiation, exposure to dental procedures, and smoking. The risk of recurrent herpes labialis associated with disease in various first-degree family members, estimated by age-adjusted odds ratios (nominal 95% confidence intervals) were: mother, 3.30 (1.86-5.84); father, 3.80 (1.80-8.12); sister(s), 3.93 (2.25-6.89); and brother(s), 6.81 (3.14-15.04). Ethnicity and phenotypes were not related to disease status. Cases had a higher prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.79-5.02) and reported more exposure to solar radiation and more extensive dental histories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The significance of asymptomatic microhematuria in men 50 or more years old: findings of a home screening study using urinary dipsticks.

In an ongoing home screening study 231 men 50 or more years old without known causes of hematuria have tested their urine each week with a chemical reagent strip for the presence of blood. After 3 months of testing 23 patients have had hematuria at least once. Of these men 5 have had urinary cancers and 5 have had other serious underlying diseases requiring immediate treatment. In only 3 of these 10 men (only 1 with cancer) did hematuria occur in more than a third of the testings or on subsequent microscopic urinalysis. The degree of hematuria was unrelated to the seriousness of its cause. We conclude that in this population hematuria occurs so intermittently that when found on routine urinalysis, regardless of quantity, serious underlying pathological conditions must be ruled out aggressively. Furthermore, regular hematuria home testing appears to offer promise as an economical means to detect urinary cancers and other serious diseases in asymptomatic men 50 or more years old.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1987

Case-control study of colon cancer and drinking water trihalomethanes in Wisconsin.

A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that chronic ingestion of trihalomethanes (THMs), occurring as chlorination byproducts in drinking water, carries a risk of colon cancer. Lifetime residential and water source histories and information on water-drinking habits, diet, sociodemographics, medical and occupation histories, lifestyle and other factors were obtained by questionnaire from a statewide sample of newly-diagnosed colon cancer cases (N = 347), controls with cancer of other sites (N = 639) and general population controls (N = 611). Since no data on past THM levels exists, it was necessary to devise a scheme to generate THM estimates for all Wisconsin water sources. For this, a statistical model based on quantitative THM measures and routinely-recorded data taken at 81 municipal water facilities was used in conjunction with individual residential histories to estimate lifetime and period-specific THM exposure for each case and control. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for age, sex and urban living, for colon cancer and THM exposure. The study results indicate that THM in Wisconsin drinking water does not pose a significant colon cancer risk. Odds ratios for exposure to the middle and highest category of lifetime cumulative THM were 1.05 (95% Cl = 0.66-1.68) and 0.93(95%Cl = 0.55-1.57) respectively, relative to the cancer control group, and 1.10 (95%Cl = 0.68-1.78) and 0.73 (95% Cl = 0.44-1.21) respectively, relative to the general population controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Post-traumatic, delayed rupture of the colon without identifiable cause.

This paper reports the case of a male adult, 47 years old, with a gunshot wound to the right thigh, with no previous history of abdominal or cardiovascular disease, and a consistently satisfactory circulatory state on admission and thereafter. He showed signs of perforation of the caecum on the 10th day following admission. The explanation for this has been hard to find, and a search of the literature revealed no previous similar reported occurrence.

Colon↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous traumatic rupture of the quadriceps tendons.

A case is reported of simultaneous traumatic rupture of quadriceps tendons diagnosed in the accident and emergency department within 2 hours of injury. This is an extremely rare injury and diagnosis is often missed. Possible mechanism of the injury, predisposing factors, guidelines for diagnosis and results of surgical treatment are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Conservative treatment of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the humerus.

This paper reports a prospective study of 72 consecutive patients with fractures or fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the humerus, treated during 1981. Most were elderly and treatment was conservative. Of the 72 patients 64 were followed up for a period of six months. Observations were made on the type of fracture, the speed and pattern of recovery of shoulder movements, on the time of commencement of physiotherapy, and on its duration. We found that with conservative treatment alone, 94% of our patients had good or satisfactory results at six months from injury. The criteria for manipulation are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors for the elderly with proximal femoral fracture.

A prospective study of 125 elderly patients (over 65 years) with proximal femoral fracture was carried out to compare pre-fracture sociomedical factors with the local and general complications following surgical treatment, in predicting mortality and length of stay. A poor pre-fracture mental state was more important than associated physical illness in predicting mortality. Pre-fracture mobility state was the most useful early prognostic predictor of length of hospitalization. Post-operative general complications were the most significant in predicting mortality and length of hospitalization, and more important than failure of operative technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Psychological distress and patient satisfaction.

Psychologically distressed patients and clients of health care and social service organizations are found to report somewhat more dissatisfaction with services than do the nondistressed. Four explanations for this relationship are examined: 1) the psychologically distressed are generally dissatisfied; 2) service providers react negatively to the psychologically distressed; 3) psychologically distressed patients are dissatisfied when service providers do not respond to their psychological needs; and 4) patients who deny their psychological distress tend to be dissatisfied. The results show that the psychologically distressed report more dissatisfaction because of the very high levels of dissatisfaction found among patients who deny having personal problems.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1982

Drinking water treatment and risk of cancer death in Wisconsin.

A case control study of drinking water treatment practices and female cancer mortality was conducted in Wisconsin. Cancer deaths for 1972-1977 from 28 Wisconsin counties and noncancer deaths matched to cancer deaths on age, year of death and county of residence, were compared for characteristics of drinking water supplied to their places of residence. Using logistic regression, estimates of relative risk associated with chlorinated water were examined allowing for the influence of indicators of water organics and the potential confounders of occupation, marital status and urbanicity. Only colon cancer appeared to be related significantly to chlorination in all models explored. A dose-response relationship was found between crude indicators of trihalomethane level (chlorination X organic contamination) and colon cancer death. The odds ratio for chlorinated surface water for colon cancer was 2.81 (p less than 0.01); approximately half this risk was found for chlorinated ground water. Consequently, a case control study of colon cancer and drinking water quality utilizing newly diagnosed patients is being conducted in Wisconsin.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiologic study of drinking water chlorination and Wisconsin female cancer mortality.

The association between gastrointestinal, urinary tract, brain, lung, and breast cancer mortality and drinking water trihalomethane exposure, as estimated by average daily chlorine dosage of water source 20 years past, was investigated for Wisconsin white females by use of a death certificate-based case-control study design. A total of 8,029 cancer deaths and 8,029 controls (noncancer deaths) matched on county of residence, year of death, and age were taken from mortality records of 28 counties for the years 1972-77. Data on characteristics and treatment of municipal water supplied to the residences of cases and controls were obtained from questionnaires sent to the water superintendents of the 202 waterworks associated with the sample. By the use of logistic regression analysis, odds ratios for site-specific cancer death associated with high, medium, and low chlorine-dosed water as compared to unchlorinated water exposure were determined; the control variables were urbanicity, marital status, and occupation. With the exception of cancer of the colon, no anatomic cancer site was significantly associated with any chlorine dose exposure category. For colon cancer, odds ratios of 1.51 [95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.06-2.14], 1.53 (95% Cl=1.08-2.00, and 1.53 (95% Cl-1.11-2.11) were obtained for high-, medium-, and low-dose chlorination, respectively (P less than or equal to 0.02). For colon cancer cases and controls exposed to water sources affected by rural runoff, odds ratios of 3.30 (95% Cl=1.45-7.47), 3.60 (95% Cl=1.57-8.26), and 2.74 (95% Cl=1.10-6.88) were observed for high, medium, and low chlorine dosages 20 years past (P less than or equal to 0.025).

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiologic study of oral cancer in a statewide network.

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risks of male and female oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer associated with poor oral health, mouthwash use, occupation, histories of tobacco and alcohol use, and other factors. Data were collected from all newly diagnosed patients entered into the Wisconsin Head and Neck Cancer Network over an 18-month period (N = 623). The prevalence of painful or ill-fitting dentures was significantly higher among males and females with oral cavity cancer. Relative risks for painful dentures were 5.97 (males) and 1.60 (females); for ill-fitting dentures, the relative risks were 3.15 (males) and 2.15 (females). For males, high relative risks of oropharyngeal cancer were also found to be associated with these indicators of poor dentition. Other indicators of poor oral health, including toothbrushing frequency and prevalence of broken teeth, were not associated with oral cancer. Mouthwash use was not found to carry a risk of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer. The risks of upper aerodigestive cancers with smoking and alcohol were confirmed for males, and lifetime use patterns were explored. Notable sex differences in exposure to alcohol and tobacco were found. There was little evidence that past alcohol use was related to female oral cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗