On the heredity of ESR spectra intensity of the human hair.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
T Asai
Publications and source records attributed to T Asai.
[So-called intoxication syndrome].
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Adolescent↗
Airway obstruction in a child with asymptomatic tracheobronchomalacia.
PURPOSE: To report a case of airway obstruction with hypoxia during emergence from anesthesia due to unexpected tracheobronchomalacia in a child. CLINICAL FEATURES: In a previously healthy 22-month-old boy with no symptoms or signs of respiratory disease, general anesthesia was induced by inhalation of increasing concentrations of sevoflurane (up to 5%) in oxygen and a laryngeal mask was inserted. Partial airway obstruction persisted during surgery, but obstruction was relieved by positive-pressure ventilation. During emergence from anesthesia, airway obstruction with hypoxia occurred, necessitating tracheal intubation. Emission of carbon dioxide as well as of sevoflurane was reduced and emergence from anesthesia markedly delayed. Fibreoptic tracheoscopy showed marked collapse of the tracheobronchi during expiration, and a diagnosis of tracheobronchomalacia was made. No respiratory complications occurred postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic tracheomalacia should also be suspected in case of airway obstruction during anesthesia in young children.
Airway Obstruction↗
Endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of the extent of gallbladder carcinoma.
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed preoperatively in 39 patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Diagnosis of the anatomical extent of gallbladder carcinoma was compared with histologic analysis, and staging accuracy was evaluated according to the TNM classification. Carcinoma considered to be at an early stage with no lymph node metastasis was correctly diagnosed in 87.5%. Differential diagnosis between early and advanced staged tumors was possible in 79.5%. Overall accuracy for depth of tumor invasion (T) was 76.9%. Limitations were due to many stones in the gallbladder and microinfiltration of carcinoma. Assessment of regional lymph node metastasis (N) was at a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 92.9%, for an overall accuracy of 89.7%. We believe endoscopic ultrasonography is useful in the clinical staging of gallbladder carcinoma.
Adult↗
Single-allele correction of the Dmo1 locus in congenic animals substantially attenuates obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes phenotypes of the OLETF rat.
1. Whole-genome scans have identified Dmo1 as a major quantitative trait locus for dyslipidaemia and obesity in the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. 2. We have produced congenic rats for the Dmo1 locus through successive back-cross breeding with diabetic OLETF rats. Marker-assisted speed congenic protocols were applied to efficiently transfer chromosomal segments from non-diabetic Brown Norway (BN) rats into the OLETF background. 3. In the fourth generation of congenic animals, we observed a substantial therapeutic effect of the Dmo1 locus on lipid metabolism, obesity control and plasma glucose homeostasis. 4. We have concluded that Dmo1 primarily affects lipid homeostasis, obesity control and/or glucose homeostasis at fasting and is secondarily involved in glucose homeostasis after loading. 5. The results of the present study show that single-allele correction of a genetic defect of the Dmo1 locus can generate a substantial therapeutic effect, despite the complex polygenic nature of type II diabetic syndromes.
Alleles↗
Torsion of the wandering spleen: CT and angiographic appearance.
OBJECTIVE: To seek CT and angiographic appearances that characterize torsion of the wandering spleen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT and angiographic findings of two cases of preoperatively diagnosed torsion of the wandering spleen were reviewed, and the findings were closely compared with intraoperative and histopathological findings. RESULTS: Characteristic CT appearance seemed to be a whirled appearance formed at the medial side of the displaced spleen. The angiographic finding that was characteristic of the disease was a tapered and abruptly twisted distal splenic artery. CONCLUSION: These findings were useful in making the early and correct diagnosis of this rare but fulminant condition.
Adolescent↗
Epileptiform EEG discharges in healthy children: prevalence, emotional and behavioral correlates, and genetic influences.
Epileptiform discharges in 8 electrode waking EEGs at rest and during hyperventilation in 1,057 healthy children aged 6-12 years from an elementary school were studied: Epileptiform discharges, detected in 53 children (5.0%), consisted of centrotemporal spikes (37 cases), generalized spike and slow wave complexes (10 cases), occipital spikes (2 cases), frontal spikes (1 case), and a combination of multiple spike and slow wave complexes and focal spikes (2 cases). The occurrence of a positive past history of febrile convulsions was higher in children with epileptiform discharges (18.9%) than in those without epileptiform discharges (9.4%). Using the Rutter scales for teachers and parents, we compared the emotional and behavioral problems of children with epileptiform EEG discharges with those of children without epileptiform discharges. No statistically significant differences were noted, indicating that the emotional and behavioral problems existing are most probably coincidental and not directly related to the epileptiform discharges. A genetic basis for generalized epileptiform discharges was postulated because the occurrence of generalized discharges in siblings of probands with generalized discharges was higher (4 of 9, 44.4%) than the prevalence in all subjects. However, the occurrence of centrotemporal spikes in the siblings of probands with centrotemporal spikes was not higher (2/38, 5.3%) and an autosomal-dominant genetic factor for centrotemporal spikes in waking EEGs of healthy children could not be confirmed.
Affective Symptoms↗
Changes in sequestered leukocytes and platelets in the pulmonary microvasculature of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
The role of leukocytes (WBCs) and platelets (PLTs) in the pulmonary circulation may be important in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. We investigated the changes in WBCs and PLTs in the pulmonary microvasculature during the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension in MCT rats by real-time confocal scanning laser microscopy. The number of WBCs sequestered in the pulmonary microvasculature increased significantly from day 7 after MCT injection, but no further increase occurred from days 14-28. The number of PLTs sequestered in the pulmonary microvasculature increased significantly from day 7 after MCT injection, and reached a peak on day 14. However, the number of PLTs sequestered on days 21 and 28 after MCT injection was significantly lower than on day 14. These findings suggest that PLTs mainly contribute to the initial and middle stages of the development of MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, while WBCs mainly contribute to the middle and late stages.
Animals↗
Evaluation of cross-circulation through circle of Willis using an ultrasonic Doppler technique. Part I. Comparison between blood flow velocity by ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry and angiogram.
In 24 patients with cerebrovascular disease and 6 without organic brain lesions, the increased velocity of blood flow in both the internal carotid and vertebral arteries during a contralateral carotid compression was compared with the angiographic appearance of the circle of Willis. The flow velocity was measured using ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry. It was not possible to investigate fully the relationship between the increase of velocity of blood flow in the internal carotid artery and the anatomical variations of the circle of Willis, specifically the anterior cerebral and communicating arteries. The velocity of flow in the patients with an aplastic proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery showed no increase. There were no differences in the increase of velocity of flow in the vertebral artery in patients with hypoplastic, normal and fetal posterior communicating arteries. It is considered that although anatomical variations of the circle vessels influence the cross-circulation via the circle of Willis, peripheral vascular factors distal to the circle also play an important role in the quantity of cross-circulation through the circle.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of cross-circulation through circle of Willis using an ultrasonic Doppler technique. Part II. Comparison between blood flow velocity by ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry and cerebrovascular resistance.
The correlation between the increase in velocity of blood flow in both the internal carotid and vertebral arteries during a carotid compression and the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) was investigated in 11 patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 4 without organic brain lesions. The velocity of blood flow was measured by an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. CVR was calculated from cerebral blood flow and arterial blood pressure. There was no correlation between the increased velocity of blood flow in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries and CVR. The increased velocity of blood flow in patients with low CVR was, however, significantly higher than that of patients with high CVR. The investigation of cross-circulation by ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry is a useful non-invasive method for the detection of changes in cerebral vascular resistance.
Adolescent↗
Involvement of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) in the synovial cell hyperfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate a possible role of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial cell function, we have studied CREB expression of synovial cells and the effects of an inhibitor of the cAMP/CREB signal pathway on synovial cell function in patients with RA. METHODS: We examined CREB expression by immunohistochemical staining, immunocytochemical staining, and gel shift assays. Effects of cAMP/CREB inhibitor on the proliferation of RA synovial cells were assessed by [3H]-TdR incorporation, and those on proinflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by reverse transcription PCR and ELISAs. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining of synovial tissue revealed that CREB is expressed mainly in the lining and sublining layers of synovium in patients with RA. DNA binding activity of CREB was ascertained by a gel shift assay. We also confirmed nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of CREB in TNF-alpha stimulated RA fibroblast-like synovial cells by immunocytochemical staining. Modulators of cAMP/CREB signaling pathway, such as Rp-cAMP, had an inhibitory potential on RA synovial cell proliferation in vitro. Rp-cAMP also inhibited the proinflammatory cytokine and MMP production. CONCLUSION: CREB is involved in the synovial cell activity in patients with RA. Inhibition of CREB activity by its inhibitor brings about the correction of aberrant synovial cell functions in patients with RA, thus suggesting a possible clinical application of cAMP/CREB inhibitors.
Aged↗
An experimental study of the F-wave in the dog: effects of spasticity and central muscle relaxant.
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Animals↗
Surgical experience with coronary arterial sequelae of Kawasaki disease in children.
The coronary arterial sequelae due to Kawasaki disease have been treated surgically in five children ranged from 6 to 9 years old. The procedures were aortocoronary bypass surgery in all cases, coronary artery aneurysmectomy in one case and left ventricular aneurysmectomy in one case. The early results of operated cases have been good with the graft patency of 86% confirmed by angiography one month after surgery. The characteristic features of coronary artery damage in patients with Kawasaki disease are coronary artery aneurysms, which manifest wall irregularity, thrombus, calcification and stenosis. The significant stenosis of coronary artery could often be observed at the inlet or outlet of the aneurysm in major coronary artery branches. Although the early results of aortocoronary bypass surgery in the children with Kawasaki disease have been good, long-term follow up is mandatory to investigate the status of autogenous saphenous vein grafted in children.
Angiocardiography↗
Use of the pulse oximeter for teaching axillary nerve block.
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Axilla↗