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Biomedical subjects

T Arima

Publications and source records attributed to T Arima.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cloning of serum RNA associated with hepatitis C infection suggesting heterogeneity of the agent(s) responsible for the infection.

Fifty-six lambda gt11-random-primed-cDNA recombinants of which translation products react with antibodies in the serum drawn from patients with hepatitis C (blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis) were cloned from serum pooled from donors presumably infected with hepatitis C. The specificity of these clones for hepatitis C infection was determined using 3 test panels. Of these 29 clones were determined to be specific for Japanese hepatitis C infection. However one of the 29 clones was positive for 1 out of 5 normals in an American test panel while 12 clones were positive for the American panel as well. The remaining 28 clones reacted well with serum from transfusion associated chronic hepatitis C comparing to the sporadic cases in the Japanese panel. When they were tested with normal donors, another clone reacted with a distinct donor group with which the other clones did not react. These results may suggest the presence of heterogeneity in Japanese hepatitis C.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1989

The effects of a prostacyclin analog OP-41483 on pulmonary oxygen toxicity in an isolated heart-lung autoperfusion model.

Using an isolated canine heart-lung autoperfusion model, the effect of prostacyclin analog (OP-41483) on pulmonary oxygen toxicity was investigated. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 inspired oxygen at concentrations (FiO2) of 0.95 and 0.6, respectively, while groups 3 and 4 received OP-41483 (0.1 micrograms/kg/min) in addition to FiO2 of 0.95 and 0.6. Autoperfusion was performed for five hours, and during the experiments the systolic blood pressure was maintained at 100 mmHg and the cardiac output at 40 ml/kg/min. After five hours of perfusion, PaO2 decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 410 +/- 49 mmHg to 237 +/- 38 mmHg in group 1, and also decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 368 +/- 44 mmHg to 243 +/- 26 mmHg in group 2. However, no significant changes in PaO2 were observed in groups 3 and 4. The pathological examinations clearly revealed perivascular edema and vascular dilation in groups 1 and 2, whereas no abnormal pathological findings were seen in groups 3 and 4. The above results indicate that OP-41483, when administered at the low dose of 0.1 micrograms/kg/min, induces no circulatory changes and exerts an effective action with respect to the prevention of pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of TXA2 on renal lysosomal membrane].

ONO-3708, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist, was administered by a double blind method during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to study the changes in the plasma and urinary TXB2 levels. Lysosomal enzyme, urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was assessed, in order to investigate the in vivo effect of TXA2 on renal lysosomal membrane. Plasma and urinary TXB2 increased significantly (P less than 0.01) during CPB, showing an increase in TXA2 originating from the kidney, in addition to the increased excretion of platelet derived TXA2 during CPB. Urinary NAG increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in the placebo group during CPB and the value of post CPB increased further more (P less than 0.01). In ONO-3708 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 group, urinary NAG slightly but not significantly increased during CPB, but was inhibited significantly (P less than 0.01) as compared with two other groups. As shown above, the increased production of TXA2 appears to inhibit the functions of the renal lysosomal membrane in vivo. Furthermore, ONO-3708 has demonstrated a lysosomal membrane stability effect, and it seems reasonable to expect some antishock effect of this drug.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in urinary prostaglandins during cardiopulmonary bypass in man].

We measured urinary and plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto PGF1 alpha and urinary NAG during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and studied their clinical significance. Subjects studied were 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Urinary and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha increased during CPB. However, predictive plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, calculated by urinary excretion, were higher than actual plasma levels. This result suggests that the kidney produces TXA2 and PGI2. Significant correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01) was observed between NAG and TXB2 during CPB. The results suggest that TXA2 impairs the function of the renal urinary tubules.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

[An experimental study on mesenteritis and deformities of the intestinal canal; with special reference to the changes with time of deformities (angulation, distortion, coil-like appearance)].

1. The relationship of the mesenteric inflammation with intestinal loop deformities was made clear and changes of these deformities were examined with time, using experimental model rabbits. 2. The above rabbit was laparotomized and was caused to develop mesenteritis by applying acetic acid onto sigmoid mesentery and descending colic mesentery, then the abdomen was closed. Subjects were divided into 2 groups (A and B); A group and B group were re-laparotomized 3-7 and 21 days later, respectively and were observed for mesentery and loop appearance, then were extirpated for sigmoid colon and descending colon with mesenterium attached thereto. Roentgenograms were taken first with attachment of mesentery, secondly there-without. Then, the intestinal canal was opened and the mucosal surface was observed, together with bleeding and blood flow disturbance in the depth of the wall in transmitted light. 3. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Macroscopically, mesentery was marked with redness for A group and with thickening and twitch due to cicatricial contraction for B group. 2) A group near to the third day showed remarkable shortening, narrowing and marginal irregularity of the loop, which disappeared with time and were scarcely observed for B group; these deformities were considered to involve mesenteric inflammations and ischemia caused by secondary blood flow disturbance. 3) A group near to the 7th day and B group showed remarkable angulation, distortion and coil-like appearance; these deformities are considered to have been caused by thickening (stiffness) of the mesentery and its attachment and twitch-distortion due to cicatricial contraction. 4) Coil-like appearance disappeared upon cutting off the mesentery from the loop.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical significance of the free vascularized bone grafts in fractures with large bone defects and non-union.

With the rapid progress of microscopic techniques in surgery, the free vascularized bone graft has been widely applied in fractures with large bone defects, non-union, congenital pseudoarthrosis, bone tumors, osteomyelitis, aseptic necrosis of the bone and osteogenesis imperfecta. We obtained excellent results with the free vascularized bone graft in three cases. One was a case of non-union with large bone defects of the right femur that had not improved despite many attempts at treatment over nine years after an open fracture of the right femur. The other two cases were open fractures with massive bone defects of the right legs. These results are reported here with an outline of the free vascularized bone graft.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in urinary immunoreactive-TXB2 and 2,3-dinor TXB2 in man following cardiopulmonary bypass].

We measured urinary levels of i-TXB2, 2,3-dinor TXB2 and NAG following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and studied their clinical significance. Subjects studied were 8 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In the CABG group, urinary i-TXB2, 2,3-dinor TXB2 and NAG level increased significantly (P less than 0.05) 3hrs after CPB, but decreased on and after the 1st postoperative day. In the DVR group, these levels showed similar changes, but i-TXB2 and NAG levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than those of the CABG on the 1st or 3rd postoperative day. A significant correlation (r = 0.84, P less than 0.05) was observed between NAG and i-TXB2 on and after 2nd postoperative day. The results suggest that urinary i-TXB2 during the period immediately after CPB is derived from platelets and reflects the functional changes in renal urinary tubules, while urinary i-TXB2 level on and after the 2nd postoperative day reflects the function of the renal urinary tubules.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

[In vivo protective action of urinastatin during extracorporeal circulation].

A patient undergoing extracorporeal circulation is in the state of controlled shock. The object of the present study is to investigate the prophylactic effect of ulinastatin (6000 U.kg-1 or 12000 U.kg-1 during extracorporeal circulation by a randomized study. Although the ratio of lactic acid/pyruvic acid did not show significant changes, the increase was inhibited in 12000 U.kg-1 treated group. In 12000 U.kg-1 treated group, beta-glucuronidase reflecting the function of lysosomal membrane, as well fibronectin reflecting the endothelial function, were suppressed. The results of the present study indicate that administration of ulinastatin 12000 U.kg-1 is effective and useful for the organism.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗
PubMed1987

Expression of ABH and Lewis blood group antigens in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Possible evidence for the hepatocellular origin of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.

Expression of ABH, Lewis, and sialyl Lea antigens was studied in five combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas. Formalin-fixed liver tissues were immunostained for those antigens using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Results were compared with those obtained in normal liver tissues and cholangiocarcinomas, and also with the previous observations of the authors on hepatocellular carcinomas. Although not detected in normal parenchymal liver cells, A, H, Lewis, and sialyl Lea antigens were found in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma cells. Incompatible A antigen also was detected in one blood type O patient. Distribution and intensity of the antigens were similar to those in hepatocellular carcinomas and different from those in cholangiocarcinomas. No preferential accumulation of blood-group antigens could be found in the area of cholangiocarcinoma-like differentiation of the combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. The observations suggested that Regional morphological differentiation of the hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma might not be always associated with the change in the expression of the blood group antigens. Moreover, the expression was essentially the same between the hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and the typical hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, therefore could be a variant of the hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetic studies of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.

The tolerability and metabolism of cimetidine administered for over 7 days were studied in 30 patients with liver diseases and 19 control subjects who had peptic ulcers. Cimetidine was well tolerated by these patients without any side effects. The cimetidine in the serum and urine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum cimetidine levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of the patient group did not significantly differ from those of the control group after oral administration. Following intravenous administration, the half-life of cimetidine increased and cimetidine clearance decreased in the liver disease group. These differences seem to be totally explicable by the impaired renal function associated with the liver disease. Furthermore, accumulation of cimetidine in serum did not occur following continuous treatment with cimetidine in these patients. It was concluded that a reduction of cimetidine dosage is not necessary in patients with liver disease as far as their renal function is not disturbed, since the metabolism of cimetidine was not affected by the liver dysfunction itself.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

In vitro interferon producing activity of peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with chronic liver disease.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was induced from a human peripheral mononuclear fraction by incubation with a streptococcal preparation stabilized with penicillin G (OK432). This IFN-gamma-producing activity was significantly reduced in patients with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients with liver cirrhosis it was also reduced but not significantly. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA and skin tests for the purified protein derivative of tuberculin, phytohemagglutinin-P and a polysaccharide fraction prepared from streptococcus pyogenes Su strain were determined to have no significant relation to this IFN-gamma-producing activity. Although the addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the culture medium enhanced the IFN-gamma-producing activity, there was no difference in this enhancement between normal control and chronic hepatitis. Therefore reduction of the IFN-gamma-producing activity observed in chronic hepatitis seems to be caused by a decreased number of IFN-gamma-producing activity cells or hypofunction of these cells or both. Since HBeAg became negative in patients whose IFN-gamma-producing activity was increased by the administration of the immunopotentiator OK432 or IFN-beta, the IFN-producing system in the patients with B type hepatitis may contribute to the elimination of HBV. Adenine arabinoside suppressed IFN-gamma-producing activity both in vivo and in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ricinus communis agglutinin II-reactive glycoproteins from the ascites of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Ricinus communis agglutinin II-reactive glycoproteins from the ascites of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were prepared using lectin affinity chromatography. Normal serum- and cirrhotic ascites-components were removed by columns with immobilized antibodies against them. Ricinus communis agglutinin II-reactive glycoproteins thus obtained were supposed to be hepatocellular carcinoma-associated and less than 0.1% of the protein in the starting material. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these glycoproteins revealed more than 10 major polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 20K to 200K daltons. The rabbit antiserum raised against them reacted with at least three components of 45, 52 and 55K daltons. The serum level of this antibody-reactive glycoproteins was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was elevated in 91% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 70% of cases of other gastrointestinal carcinoma, 88% of cases of liver cirrhosis, 55% of cases of chronic hepatitis, and 25% of cases of acute hepatitis. The mean value of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly greater than those of other groups. These results suggest that some of Ricinus communis agglutinin II-reactive glycoproteins in hepatocellular carcinoma patients may be cancer-associated glycoproteins and that their serum levels are increased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Ascites↗
PubMed1987

Role of endogenous gastric mucosal prostaglandins in the formation of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by aspirin, ethanol, HCl and CH3COOH.

The role of endogenous mucosal prostaglandins (PGs) in the production of acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML) was examined in rats. Aspirin, ethanol or 0.6 N-HCl was given intragastrically and 20% acetic acid was injected into the gastric wall. Endogenous gastric mucosal PG (A + B), PGE and PGF were determined by radioimmunoassay. Their gastric contents were markedly reduced by aspirin administration (p less than 0.001). The level of gastric mucosal PGs still remained low (p less than 0.001) after the aspirin-induced AGML began to heal. Furthermore, rats with AGML induced by ethanol, HCl or acetic acid, showed no decrease in endogenous gastric mucosal PGs compared with the controls. These findings indicated that endogenous PGs are not necessary for either the induction or healing of experimental AGML.

Acetates↗
PubMed1987

Natural killer activity in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with OK432, interferon, adenine arabinoside and glycyrrhizin.

Natural killer (NK) activity in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic liver disease was measured using 51Cr labeled K562 cells as target cells. NK activity was elevated but not significantly in patients with chronic hepatitis compared with healthy controls and significantly lower in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The activity decreased in the order of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the level of NK activity in patients with chronic hepatitis did not correlate with the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), it tended to be elevated in association with elevation of ALT in patients treated with OK432, interferon-beta, glycyrrhizin or adenine arabinoside. In chronic liver disease, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test showed a positive correlation with NK activity. In all patients who were treated with the immunopotentiator, OK432, and whose HBeAg became negative, NK activity was elevated during the treatment. These results suggest that the NK activity in peripheral blood may be related to hepatocytic injury even if this is not the effector mechanism of the injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Subgenomic studies on hepatitis B virus DNA integrated into the genome of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into the chromosomal DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue was studied by the Southern blot analysis using probes for subgenomic regions C, PreS, S and X. Eighteen Hind III-fragments prepared from DNA of the tumor regions of six patients with HCC, and hybridized with a full genomic HBV probe were analyzed. Lack of region S or PreS was concurrently accompanied by deletion of their 3'-end region of the HBV minus strand DNA. Region C was missing in 11 out of 18 fragments while regions X, S and PreS were deleted in 5/18, 3/18 and 5/18 respectively. Therefore, in some sequences integrated by subgenomic HBV DNA, the integration of replicative intermediate of the HBV minus strand DNA into the chromosomal DNA may take place and one of the viral integration sites seems to be in the region X.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Clinical evaluation of autoantibodies to liver cell membrane specific antigen, liver specific lipoprotein, and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect circulating autoantibodies to three liver cell membrane surface antigens, i.e., liver cell membrane specific antigen (LCM), liver specific lipoprotein (LSP), and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP). In autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune CAH), the positive rate and mean titer (normal range, less than 5.5 units) for anti-LCM were 100% and 13.5 units before corticosteroid treatment and 100% and 9.9 units during the treatment. The corresponding values for anti-LSP were 84% and 11.8 units, and 81% and 8.9 units, and those for anti-THGP were 84% and 12.3 units, and 81% and 7.9 units. In an autoimmune CAH patient, elevation of the plasma levels of autoantibodies during the treatment apparently preceded the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, the ALT elevation induced by transcatheter arterial embolization was not associated with the elevation of these autoantibodies in an autoimmune CAH patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. In primary biliary cirrhosis, drug-induced hepatitis, and non-hepatic immunological disorders, the production of the three autoantibodies did not directly correlate with liver cell damage. These findings suggest that the elevation of autoantibodies against LCM, LSP, and THGP can be a useful guide for the prednisolone treatment of autoimmune CAH.

Adult↗