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Biomedical subjects

T Ariga

Publications and source records attributed to T Ariga.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Preparation and specificity of avian anti-GM2(NeuGc) ganglioside antiserum.

Antibodies to N-glycolyl neuraminic acid-containing GM2 ganglioside, GM2(NeuGc), were prepared by immunizing chickens. The specificity of the antibodies was examined by the double immunodiffusion test and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). One(C-4) of two antisera produced did not cross-react with GM3(NeuGc) but the other(C-3) did as assessed by the double immunodiffusion test. In RIA, the antibody activity of C-4 antiserum was detected only in the IgG fraction. Specificity of the serum was examined using authentic glycolipids which were structurally related to GM2(NeuGc). The antiserum showed a high specificity for the homologous ganglioside by either an RIA or an inhibition assay. This antiserum is a useful tool for the detection of GM2(NeuGc) in human and animal tissues under normal and/or disease condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Turnover of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in rabbits.

FPA disappeared from the circulating blood along a double-exponential decay curve consisting of an initial phase (t 1/2 = 1.8 min) and a late phase (t 1/2 = 34.7 min). The rapid decrease in blood FPA was due to the large extravascular space, the size of which was estimated to be about 5 times larger than that of intravascular space. The actual amounts of 125I-FPA distributed to the organs and tissues were generally quite low. However, in the case of the urine, the injected amount of FPA was excreted at the rate of 50% per hour. Thus, the urinary FPA levels may reflect the occurrence of intravascular coagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Thermotropic behavior of glycosphingolipids in aqueous dispersions.

The thermotropic behavior of 20 chemically related glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of high purity, containing neutral and anionic carbohydrate residues in their oligosaccharide chains, was studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. In general, the polar head group of GSLs appears to be one of the major determinants of their phase behavior. Compared to phospholipids, the presence of the carbohydrate rather than the phosphorylcholine moiety in the polar head group and a sphingosine base in the hydrocarbon portion of GSLs reduces the effect on the transition temperature (Tm) brought about by increasing the number of methylene groups in the amide-linked fatty acyl chains. For simple neutral GSLs, the Tm's were 20-40 degrees C higher than those of phospholipids with comparable hydrocarbon chains. As the oligosaccharide chain of GSLs becomes more complex, the excess heat capacity, Tm, enthalpy (delta Hcal), and entropy of the transition decrease proportionally to the number of carbohydrate residues present in the polar head group. The Tm and delta Hcal for anionic GSLs were 16-25 degrees C and 1-3 kcal mol-1 lower than those of neutral GSLs with comparable oligosaccharide chains. A linear dependence of delta Hcal with Tm was found. However, the slopes of these plots were different for neutral and for anionic GSLs, suggesting different types of intermolecular organizations for the two. The Tm and delta Hcal were linearly dependent on the molecular area of both neutral and anionic GSLs; this indicated that the influence of the complexity of the polar head group in GSLs for establishing the thermodynamic behavior may be mediated by the intermolecular spacings.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1985

Metabolism of [17,18-3H2]hexacosanoic acid and [15,16-3H2]lignoceric acid in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN).

We have studied the metabolism of [17,18-3H2]hexacosanoic acid and [15,16-3H2]lignoceric acid in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). The successful solubilization of the very long chain fatty acids as albumin conjugates was confirmed by analysis using glycerol density gradient centrifugation. The composition of radioactive fatty acids in total lipids of fibroblasts after culture for 7 days in the presence of [17,18-3H2] hexacosanoic acid or [15,16-3H2]lignoceric acid was analyzed by radio-gas chromatography. Most of the fatty acids added to the culture media were degraded to shorter-chain fatty acids both by control, and ALD or AMN fibroblasts. However, the content of the remaining radioactive hexacosanoic acid or lignoceric acid was much higher in ALD or AMN fibroblasts, and the content of radioactive shorter-chain fatty acids was much lower in ALD or AMN fibroblasts. These results indicate that the degradation of very long chain fatty acids is decreased in ALD, but also that there is a substantial amount of residual activity of their degradation in ALD fibroblasts.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1985

An interspecies comparison of gangliosides and neutral glycolipids in adrenal glands.

Gangliosides and neutral glycolipids of adrenal glands of mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, pig, cow, monkey, and chicken were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The major gangliosides common to all species had lactosylceramide in their core structure. GM3 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) was the major ganglioside in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat, whereas GM3 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was the major one in mouse, cow, and monkey. GD3 was also detected in all species except mouse and GD3(NeuAc)2 was the major in pig adrenal gland. GM4(NeuAc) was detected in the adrenal glands of guinea pig and chicken but not in those of the other species. In the neutral glycolipid fractions, galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide and globotetraosylceramide were detected and the proportions of these glycolipids varied among the species. Guinea pig and chicken adrenal glands contained large amounts of galactosylceramide, this being consistent with the presence of GM4 in these two species. Globopentaosylceramide was detected in mouse, guinea pig, cat, and chicken by the TLC-immunostaining procedure.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1985

Neutral oligosaccharides in the urine of a patient with glycogen storage disease type II.

Neutral oligosaccharides were isolated from urine of an adult patient with glycogen storage disease type II, a deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, by chromatography on columns of activated charcoal, Dowex 50 X 2 and Dowex 1 X 2. Total neutral oligosaccharides in the urine of the patient were increased about 5-fold as compared with those in normal controls. The most accumulated oligosaccharide was separated by Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography, and finally purified by paper chromatography. Based on various studies, including carbohydrate analysis, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, degradation by glucoamylase and isopullulanase, and methylation analysis, the structure of this oligosaccharide was deduced to be Glc alpha 1----6Glc alpha 1----4Glc alpha 1----4Glc. This oligosaccharide appears to be accumulated in urine of the patient with acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency as an end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Two positional isomers of sialylheptasaccharides isolated from the urine of a patient with sialidosis.

We describe the structures of two positional isomers of sialylheptasaccharide isolated from the urine of a patient with sialidosis with partial deficiency of beta-galactosidase. Based on structural studies including compositional sugar analysis, exoglycosidase digestion, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and methylation analysis, their structures were deduced to be as follows: AcNeu alpha 2----6Gal beta 1----4GlcNac beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3(Man alpha 1----6)Man beta 1----4GlcNac; AcNeu alpha 2----6Gal beta 1----4GlcNac beta 1----2Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNac. Sialyloligosaccharide 1 has previously been found in the urine and liver of patients with mucolipidosis I and II and sialidosis, but sialyloligosaccharide 2 has not been found yet in human urine. These two sialyloligosaccharides could not be completely separated by any chromatographic procedures tested. The analytical techniques, including methylation study and NMR spectroscopy, could not clearly detect the differences between them. However, alpha-mannosidase treatment gave important information for the structural analyses of these sialyloligosaccharides.

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin production in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines in patients with ataxia telangiectasia.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 7 patients with ataxia telangiectasia were transformed by Epstein-Barr virus, and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were established. Immunoglobulin levels in the supernatants of the LCL were measured in order to analyze immunological abnormalities, especially the low levels of serum IgA in these patients. We found that the geometric means of IgA production in the supernatants of the LCL from the 7 patients were significantly lower than those from 9 healthy controls (5.0 vs. 834 ng/ml, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that the low levels of serum IgA in ataxia telangiectasia are attributable at least in part to an intrinsic abnormality of B cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The neuropathy of plasma cell dyscrasia: binding of IgM M-proteins to peripheral nerve glycolipids.

In some patients with neuropathy and plasma cell dyscrasia, the M-proteins bind to peripheral nerves. Binding of M-proteins to peripheral nerve glycolipids was examined by immunostaining after thin-layer chromatography. The IgM from 16 patients with anti-MAG M-proteins bound to the same two glycolipid bands in peripheral nerve. The IgM that bound to the glycolipids had the same idiotype as the anti-MAG M-protein, indicating that it was the M-protein that bound to both glycolipids. The reactive glycolipids did not contain sialic acid and were not gangliosides. No immunostaining of peripheral nerve glycolipids was observed with IgM from patients with neuropathy and IgM M-proteins that did not bind to MAG, and the anti-MAG antibodies did not bind to brain glycolipids. Anti-MAG M-proteins probably bind to the same or closely related carbohydrate determinants that are shared by a number of glycoproteins and glycolipids of peripheral nerve.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative combination therapy involving local administration of a non-specific immunoactivated preparation (OK-432) and chemotherapeutic preparations for patients with stomach cancer].

OMF therapy, which is a combination therapy consisting of OK-432 administered locally, Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil, was administered to 50 cases of stomach cancer (52 episodes) preoperatively. Judging the criterion for a positive (+) effect as being the existence of degeneration or necrosis in 1/3-1/2 of carcinomas visible within whole fields, the ratio of histological effectiveness shown by this therapy was 75%. As for its effect on metastatic foci of lymph nodes, when 70 case from an n1 group and 8 from an n2 group with metastatic positive lymph nodes, including 17 cases (4 in Stage II and 13 in Stage III) ablated for curing were studied, a greater than positive (+) effect was shown in 51 out of the total of 78. Consequently the effective ratio was 65%. The survival ratio of 16 cases in Stage III on the 48th month calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 78.6%. The survival time of 50% of 9 cases in Stage IV (absolute non-curing ablation) was 15 months. Tissue samples were examined constantly after local administration of OK-432. Exudation of neutrocytes was shown on the 1st day, and that of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmacytes on the 4th day. At this stage, degeneration of the primary focus or necrotizing change was observed. Interstitial reaction peaked on the 14th day, but histiocytes tended to decrease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isolation and characterization of a novel phytosphingosine-containing GM2 ganglioside from mullet roe (Mugil cephalus).

The major ganglioside from the roe of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) has been isolated and purified. Compositional analysis of this ganglioside revealed that it contained an equimolar ratio of the following residues: N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, glucose, and the long-chain base. Further structural studies by sequential enzymatic hydrolysis, permethylation analysis, and proton NMR spectroscopy indicated that the structure of the oligosaccharide moiety was identical to that of GM2 ganglioside from human brain: GalNAc beta 1----4Gal beta 1----4(3----2 alpha NeuAc)-Glc----ceramide. This ganglioside, however, differed from brain GM2 in its ceramide portion. The most striking differences are the presence of large amounts of C18 and C20 phytosphingosine (over 80% of the total long-chain bases) and the preponderance of monounsaturated alpha-hydroxy fatty acids (over 80%). Such a phytosphingosine-containing GM2 ganglioside has never been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chemical-ionization mass spectra of the permethylated sialo-oligosaccharides liberated from gangliosides.

Permethylated mono- and di-sialo-oligosaccharides liberated from several parent gangliosides have been examined by chemical-ionization mass spectrometry with ammonia as the reagent gas in order to elucidate their structures. Several major fragment-ions, in addition to both the protonated and ammonium adduct molecular-ions, may be readily assigned without interference from the ceramide moiety. Sialic acid-containing di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide ions can be clearly observed and used to determine the sugar residue to which the sialic acid residue is attached. The neutral-sugar skeletons produced by the loss of sialic acid give rise to both the protonated and the ammonium adduct ions; in the case of tetrasaccharides, these are further degraded to produce di- and tri-saccharide ions. These characteristic ions are useful for the determination of the number of sugar residues and their sequence in an oligosaccharide structure. The chemical-ionization mass spectra of GM3- and GM1-oligosaccharides with isobutane show the ions corresponding to each monosaccharide residue. These results indicate that chemical-ionization mass spectrometry is highly useful in determining the complete sugar-sequence of gangliosides.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1984

Carrier detection of sialidosis with partial beta-galactosidase deficiency by the assay of lysosomal sialidase in lymphocytes.

Lysosomal and plasma membrane sialidase activities in lymphocytes were studied in four patients with sialidosis with partial beta-galactosidase deficiency, four obligate heterozygotes, and three siblings of a patient. Lysosomal sialidase activity in homozygotes was absent, and that in heterozygotes was significantly decreased to 70% of control level. The results indicate that carriers can be detected by the assay of lysosomal sialidase activity of lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Adrenal medulla gangliosides.

The gangliosides were examined in adrenal glands of mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, monkey, pig, ox and chicken. GM3 ganglioside was predominant in all examined animals except pig. In pig GD3 ganglioside was the major one. GM4 ganglioside was found in guinea pig and chicken. The distribution of sialic acid varied in each species. NeuNGly containing gangliosides were not detected in rat, guinea pig, rabbit and chicken. The other animals have both NeuNAc and NeuNGly containing gangliosides. Chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla contain gangliosides at concentrations 3 and 7 times as great as microsomal and mitochondrial fractions, respectively. These gangliosides were NeuNAc-containing GM3 and NeuNGly containing GM3 in the same amount.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

Isolation and characterization of a novel disialoganglioside from bovine adrenal medulla.

A novel GDlb ganglioside which contains only N-glycolylneuraminic acid was isolated from bovine adrenal medulla by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Iatrobeads column chromatography. The concentration of this ganglioside was 0.9 nmol lipid-bound sialic acid per gram fresh tissue, which accounted for 2.7% of the disialoganglioside fraction. The structure was elucidated by sugar analysis, neuraminidase digestion, and permethylation studies. The complete structure of this ganglioside was identified as GDlb (NeuGc)2 or II3 (NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

Ganglioside composition of chromaffin granule membrane in bovine adrenal medulla.

The ganglioside composition of chromaffin granule membranes of bovine adrenal medulla was investigated. Two major gangliosides, which accounted for over 95% of total gangliosides, were characterized as GM3 (NeuAc) and GM3 (NeuGc) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Chromaffin granule membranes contained a relatively higher concentration of gangliosides than the membranes of other subcellular organelles; three times higher than microsomal membranes and seven times higher than mitochondrial membranes. This high concentration of ganglioside in chromaffin granule membranes could contribute to the high concentration of gangliosides in the adrenal medulla as compared to other extraneural tissues.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

Gangliosides and neutral glycolipids in guinea pig adrenal glands.

Glycolipids were isolated from the adrenal glands of seven strains of guinea pig by DEAE-Sephadex and Iatrobeads column chromatographies. The average lipid-bound sialic acid content of the adrenal glands was estimated to be 96.0 +/- 30.4 nmol/g fresh tissue. The ganglioside fraction contained two major gangliosides which accounted for 82% of the total lipid-bound sialic acid. They were identified as N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylceramide (GM4) and N-acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide (GM3). The neutral glycolipid fraction contained one major and three minor glycolipids. The major glycolipid was identified as galactosylceramide, which accounted for 81% of the total glycolipid. The other three glycolipids were identified as Forssman glycolipid (7%), lactosylceramide (5%), and gangliotriaosylceramide (7%). In all strains examined, the glycolipid patterns were similar.

Adrenal Glands↗