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Biomedical subjects

T Araki

Publications and source records attributed to T Araki.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical localization of tenascin, estrogen receptor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human endometrial carcinoma.

Tenascin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein which plays a role in cell attachment, proliferation and migration. To elucidate the function of tenascin in the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma, we studied tenascin expression in the endometrial carcinoma of 36 cases. In 22 of the carcinomas, tenascin expression was intense in the entire extracellular space, especially at the front of muscle invasion. Furthermore, in cases with metastases, deep invasion into muscles and vascular invasion, the rate of tenascin expression was significantly high. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the tenascin reaction product in the stroma around fibroblasts located some distance from the basal lamina of cancer cells. On the other hand, tenascin expression was found in a high proportion of cases showing weak or no expression of estrogen receptor, and intense expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1. These results suggest that tenascin not only promotes cell proliferation and invasion but also inhibits further proliferation of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens as potential prognostic markers in human ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Carcinoma-associated Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens have been shown to aid in the prediction of tumor aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Tn and sialyl-Tn antigen expression in human ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 32 primary ovarian carcinomas, 6 benign and 2 normal ovarian tissues were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies against Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens and a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method Immunostainings were assessed semiquantitatively and the measurements were then correlated with the established prognostic factors of ovarian carcinoma. i.e. disease stage and histological grade. RESULTS: Of the 32 ovarian carcinomas, 22 (69%) expressed Tn and 28 (87.5%) sialyl-Tn antigens. Immunostaining measures for Tn antigen were significantly associated with the clinical stage (p < or = 0.02) and histological grade (p < or = 0.05) of the tumors. The results for sialyl-Tn antigen revealed more significant associations with the clinical stage (p < or = 0.002) and histological grade (p < or = 0.007). The clinical stage and histologic grade of the tumors were also highly correlated with each other. Similarly, combined Tn and sialyl-Tn antigen expression revealed significant correlations with the prognostic factors. Benign and normal ovarian tissues showed no reactive Tn and sialyl-Tn antigen. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of Tn and sialyl-Tn antigen expression in primary ovarian carcinoma may contribute to the prognosis of the disease.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1996

An Economic Analysis of Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Improvements in the Colonias of El Paso County, Texas.

The authors conducted a cost-benefit analysis of a project to improve water supply and sanitation infrastructure in a rural community (colonia) along the United States-Mexico border. The present value of total costs in the scenario without improvements was $42,937,507, compared with net costs with improvements of $34,600,800. It is estimated that improved access to safe drinking water and solid waste sanitation prevented 155 cases of hepatitis A and 5,165 cases of gastrointestinal illness over 26 years and saved $846,541 in associated health care costs, approximately 10% of the total estimated savings. The majority of benefits was in the form of time savings and increased land values. The authors did not consider the value of improving environmental conditions for future generations and preventing communicable disease epidemics associated with poor sanitation. Accurate value estimates for these benefits might strengthen the argument for undertaking similar infrastructure-improvement projects in the colonias and in other underdeveloped rural areas of the United States. cost-benefit analysis; water supply and sanitation; health care costs; disease-prevention effectiveness Hanley & Belfus, Inc. Int J Occup Environ Health 1077-3525 2 3 1996 July/September Decreases in Subpopulations of T Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells in the Blood of Retired Chromate Workers 222 225 EN Takeshi Tanigawa Shunichi Araki Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Akinori Nakata Takaharu Araki Susumu Sakurai To examine the effects of past exposure to chromates on lymphocyte subpopulations in man, the authors measured subpopulations of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry together with B lymphocytes in blood samples from 27 male workers and 22 healthy controls. All subjects were nonsmokers. The numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ (suppressor-inducer), CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and total T lymphocytes, CD16+CD57+ NK cells, and total lymphocytes in the blood of chromate workers were significantly smaller than those in the blood of healthy controls (analysis of covariance with age as a covariate). It is suggested that suppressor-inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells with intermediate NK cell activity are most susceptible to the effects of past exposure to chromates as compared with other lymphocyte subpopulations such as B and CD4+CD29+ T lymphocytes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Ganglioneuroma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance features.

12 patients who had histological proven ganglioneuromas were investigated by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. CT scans (n = 11), conventional spin-echo MR images (n = 10) and dynamic MR images (n = 5) were acquired. All lesions showed a well defined, oval shape. Five lesions (42%) showed calcification which was punctate in four and coarse in one on CT. CT attenuation was predominantly low in three of 10 (30%) and intermediate in the remaining seven (70%). In all lesions MR signals were mainly of low intensity on T1 weighted images (T1WI) and of high intensity on T2 weighted images (T2WI). Dynamic MR studies in five cases showed a lack of early enhancement but gradual increasing enhancement. One case had a ganglioneuroblastoma component which showed soft-tissue density and coarse calcifications on CT scans, MR images with intermediate intensity on T1WI and T2WI and early enhancement and little washout on dynamic MR images. In conclusion, ganglioneuroma typically shows punctate calcification and low attenuation on CT and marked hyperintensity on T2WI with gradual increasing enhancement on dynamic MR images. If a ganglioneuroma has atypical CT and MR features, coexistence of a malignant component should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A reference value for delta-aminolevulinic acid in plasma in the population occupationally unexposed to lead.

To obtain a reference value for delta-aminolevulinic acid in plasma (ALA-P), we determined ALA-P levels in 141 subjects (105 males and 36 females) without occupational exposure to lead. The distribution of ALA-P levels in males can be regarded to follow log-normal distribution and the geometric mean was 8.7 micrograms/l with 95% confidence interval of 6.0-12.5 micrograms/l. These data would be useful as a baseline for evaluating the relationship between ALA and its biological effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[An 85-year-old case of Basedow's disease associated with high output heart failure and angina pectoris].

We report a rare case of Basedow's disease associated with high output heart failure and angina pectoris over the age of 80 years. An 85-year-old woman was admitted with palpitation, finger tremor, hyperidrosis and weight loss. Basedow's disease was diagnosed by physical (diffuse goiter) and laboratory (free T3 19.4 pg/ml, free T4 > 8.0 ng/dl, TSH < 0.1 microU/ml, TRAb positive, 123I uptake high) findings and was treated with methimazole. Chest oppression and dyspnea on exertion with negative T wave, cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion appeared after methimazole. Cardiac catheterization showed a high cardiac output (CI 5.01/min/m2, PCW 26 mmHg, PA 57/26 mmHg, RA 15 mmHg) and a significant coronary stenosis (LAD [symbol: see text] 99%). High output heart failure and angina pectoris responded to treatment. They subsequently worsened, because she stopped taking methimazole for a month and serum levels of thyroid hormones increased again. After retreatment with methimazole, serum levels of thyroid hormones decreased to within normal limits, and high output heart failure and angina pectoris also improved.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of multiple myeloma associated with abnormal plasma cells and M-protein in pleural effusion].

A 77-year-old woman with hypertension was admitted to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea end peripheral edema. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and right pleural effusion. Hypertensive heart failure was diagnosed and treated, and right pleural effusion disappeared in 2 weeks. Abnormalities on laboratory data, i.e. anemia and increased ESR et al. continued after the improvement of heart failure. Serum IgG was elevated (2570 mg/dl), while IgA and IgM were decreased. Immunoelectrophoresis indicated the presence of monoclonal IgG-lambda in the serum. Bone marrow puncture revealed an increase in atypical plasma cells (38.4%). Multiple myeloma was diagnosed from these findings and treated with melphalan and prednisolone. But increases in atypical plasma cells (43.2%) and serum IgG (2573 mg/dl) continued. During treatment, right pleural effusion increased again. Thoracocentesis showed bloody effusion with numerous atypical plasma cells, and the presence of monoclonal IgG-lambda was indicated by immunoelectrophoresis. The patient died of renal and heart failure 2 months after the onset of malignant pleural effusion. Cytological examination and immunoelectrophoresis are necessary for pleural effusion in multiple myeloma.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of anterior cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm].

The incidence of intracranial dissecting aneurysms is lower than that of berry aneurysms. Following the recent spread of the use of cerebral angiography, however, the number of patients identified as having this type of aneurysm has been increasing. In a majority of cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysms, the aneurysm afflicted the vertebral and basilar arteries. After these, the internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery are the next most frequently affected. It is very rare that this type of aneurysm develops in the anterior cerebral artery. According to our search of the literature, only 17 cases of dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery have been reported to date (including the case to be presented here). The case we recently encountered was that of a 52-year-old male. On October 25, 1994, the man suddenly developed a headache and strong paresis of the left leg while performing clerical work. The plain head CT, taken next day, revealed low density in the area supplied by the right anterior cerebral artery. An angiogram taken 6 days after onset disclosed characteristic signs of dissecting aneurysm (i.e., double lumen, etc.) at the A2 segment of the right anterior cerebral artery, as well as the presence of non-ruptured berry aneurysms at the bifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. The non-ruptured berry aneurysms were treated by neck clipping, while the dissecting aneurysms were treated conservatively. The patient was discharged on March 21, 1995, without needing any assistance to walk. We analyzed the 17 reported cases of dissecting aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery. The cause of this aneurysm was often hypertension, and only 3 of the 17 cases were rated as being idiopathic cases. The site of this aneurysm was often the pericallosal artery (segments A2, A3, etc.). Of the 17 patients, 11 were middle-aged or elderly (over 40). The male-to-female ratio was 13: 4, indicating a predominance of males. The incidence did not differ significantly between the right and left hemispheres. The number of ischemic cases was more than double that of hemorrhagic cases. Most ischemic cases had a good prognosis, even when treated conservatively. All 3 patients with the hemorrhagic type, who were treated conservatively, died.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1996

Uptake of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201 in tumor cell lines.

UNLABELLED: We investigated the kinetics, cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of 99mTc-tetrofosmin in tumor cell lines and compared them with those of 99mTc-MIBI and 201TI. METHODS: At specific intervals after incubation with radiotracers, cellular uptake was determined. Cells were also treated with nigericin, carbonyl cyanide m-chloro-phenylhydrazone (CCCP) and ouabain to determine their effects on the uptake of the tracers. RESULTS: Each tracer showed similar uptake kinetics in both cell lines, and a steady-state was maintained for at least 4 hr. Nigericin stimulated the uptake of both 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI in HBL-2 cells, although it inhibited their uptake in SW-13 cells. Nigericin also inhibited 90% of 201TI uptake in both cell lines. Addition of CCCP caused 73%-97% release of accumulated 99mTc-MIBI from both cell lines with or without nigericin pretreatment, indicating that most of the accumulated 99mTc-MIBI was related to mitochondria. The effect of CCCP on accumulated 99mTc-tetrofosmin was less marked than that on 99mTc-MIBI in both cell lines, indicating that only a part of accumulated 99mTc-tetrofosmin, was related to mitochondria. Ouabain preincubation inhibited 74%-77% and 51%-53% of 201TI uptake in HBL-2 and SW-13 cells, respectively, as well as inhibited 22%-31% uptake of 99mTc-tetrofosmin in both HBL-2 and SW-13 cells. Uptake by the dead cells of either cell line was negligible for each tracer. CONCLUSION: Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin uptake depends on both cell membrane and mitochondrial potentials. Only a small fraction of 99mTc-tetrofosmin accumulates inside the mitochondria, while most 99mTc-MIBI accumulates inside the mitochondria. Thallium-201 uptake is partly independent of the Na+, K+ pump.

Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone↗
PubMed1996

Will thallium-201 replace gallium-67 in salivary gland scintigraphy?

UNLABELLED: We investigated and compared findings on combined 99mTc pertechnetate-201Tl with those of [99mTc]pertechnetate-67Ga scintiscans to elucidate the advantages of 201Tl in detecting various salivary glands disorders. METHODS: We studied 23 patients: 6 had sialadenitis, 12 had benign tumors and 5 had malignant tumors. All but four patients had undergone [99mTc]pertechnetate (before and after lemon stimulation), 201Tl (early and delayed) and 67Ga imaging. RESULTS: Five of six sialadenitis patients showed various degrees of diffuse uptake of 99mTc. All six except one showed early uptake without retention of 201Tl on delayed imaging. The 67Ga scan showed uptake in all patients except one. Nine of 12 benign tumors showed a cold defect on 99mTc scans. Patients with Warthin's tumors and plasmacytoma showed increased 99mTc uptake at the tumor with retention. The 201Tl scan showed early uptake without retention in benign tumors except in three patients, two of whom had Warthin's tumor. Five of the benign tumors, however, were positive on 67Ga scan. None of the malignant tumors showed any uptake of 99mTc. The 201Tl scan showed uptake with tumor retention on delayed images in three patients; three other patients also had positive 67Ga scans. Overall, sensitivity and specificity of 201Tl in detecting malignant tumors were 60% and 73%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 85%. Sensitivity and specificity for 67Ga were 60% and 47%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 80%. CONCLUSION: In view of sensitivity, specificity and convenience of 201Tl as well as future prospects for dual-isotope acquisition, 67Ga may be replaced by 201Tl in detecting salivary gland disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Age dependency of nanosecond fluorescence characteristics in human arteries.

Human arteries fluoresce as a result of illumination by UV-light. The fluorescence characteristics of the human aorta and basilar artery were investigated with respect to aging. For this experiment, a time-resolved microscope fluorometer was employed. Resultant fluorescence decayed on a nanosecond scale when applying pulse UV-light. These fluorescences were found to be age dependent in the basilar artery; the fluorescence decay time decreased with increasing human age. However, fluorescence from the aorta did not show the age dependency.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[89Sr Therapy for pain relief in patients with bone metastases].

Radioactive strontium chloride (89Sr) was administered for pain relief in 6 patients with bone metastases (4 prostate cancer and 2 breast cancer patients). Out of 6 patients, 2 showed apparent relief of bone pain and improvement of QOL, and 3 showed slight relief of the pain with or without improvement of QOL; that is, 83% was effective. Side effects were seen in 2 patients; transient deterioration of bone pain in one patient and bone marrow suppression in the other patient. The patient who showed bone marrow suppression had rather more lesions of bone metastasis (diffuse metastasis) and least urinary excretion of the radioactivity. Urinary excretion for 2 days varied 5 to 40% of the administered dose and was less in the patients with more metastatic lesions.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1995

Age-related changes in bindings of second messengers in the rat brain.

Age-related alterations in bindings of major second messengers in the brain were studied in 3-week- and 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month-old Fisher 344 rats using receptor autoradiography. [3H]Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) and [3H]forskolin were used to label protein kinase C (PKC) and adenylate cyclase, respectively. In immature rats (3-week-old), [3H]PDBu binding showed a significant decrease only in the cerebellum as compared to adult rats (6-month-old), whereas [3H]forskolin binding exhibited a significant reduction in the neocortex, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and substantia nigra. In aged rats, [3H]PDBu binding showed no significant change in all brain areas. In contrast, [3H]forskolin binding showed a conspicuous reduction in various brain areas in 18-month-old rats as compared to adult animals. The age-related reduction was especially observed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell layer, dentate gyrus, thalamus and molecular layer of cerebellum of 24-month-old rats. The results indicate that adenylate cyclase system in the rat brain is more susceptible to aging processes than phosphoinositide cycle system. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the change in the adenylate cyclase system is more pronounced than that in the phosphoinositide cycle system in immature rat brain. These findings suggest that the adenylate cyclase system is primarily affected in aging processes and this may lead to age-related neurological deficits.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1995

Graded expression of immunomolecules on activated microglia in the hippocampus following ischemia in a rat model of ischemic tolerance.

Preconditioning of the brain with sublethal ischemia protects against neuronal damage following subsequent longer periods of ischemia (ischemic tolerance). In order to evaluate the potential involvement of microglial activation in ischemic tolerance, we immunohistochemically visualized microglial cells in the hippocampus in a rat model of ischemic tolerance. Three minutes of forebrain ischemia (preconditioning ischemia) or sham operation was followed by 6 min of ischemia (second ischemia) 3 days later. The brains were perfusion-fixed after 2 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. Microglial cells were localized by histochemical staining with isolectin-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia and by immunohistochemistry of immunomolecules with monoclonal antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class I (OX18) and class II (OX6) antigens and complement receptor type 3 (OX42) and with a rat macrophage marker ED1 and a pan-T cell marker W3/13. Quiescent microglia were stained only by OX42. Preconditioning ischemia led to moderate microglial activation as shown by staining with isolectin, OX42, and OX18. Six minutes of ischemia (without preconditioning) caused early generalized microglial activation as shown by lectin and OX42 after 2 h and by OX18 after 1 day. This length of ischemia produced CA1 neuronal destruction after 3 and 7 days when we observed phagocytic transformation of microglia and increased expression of immunomolecules including OX6 and ED1 However, no staining was seen with W3/13. Following 6-min ischemia with preconditioning, early microglial activation was observed with lectin, OX42, and OX18, but CA1 neuronal damage was prevented and the microglial activation returned toward normal after 7 days. Thus, activation of microglia and expression of immunomolecules occurred in a graded and controlled fashion in response to different degrees of neuronal injury.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Limbic seizures originating in the olfactory bulb: an electro-behavioral and glucose metabolism study.

We studied seizures which were induced by a microinjection of kainic acid (KA) into the unilateral olfactory bulb (OB) in the rats. The first epileptiform discharge appeared in the OB, was then propagated to the amygdala and the hippocampus unilaterally, and finally propagated to the unilateral sensori-motor cortex. Consistent graded behavioral changes, almost identical to those of the amygdaloid and hippocampal seizures, occurred during the development of the seizures, and three stages were classified: stage 1 was staring, stage 2 consisted of masticatory movement and stage 3 demonstrated rearing and rearing and falling. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) measured with the [14C]2-deoxyglucose method revealed a graded propagation of seizure activities at each stage in the unilateral structures. At stage 1, the increased activities propagated from the OB localized in the anterior olfactory nucleus; at stage 2, the endopiriform nucleus, the nucleus accumbens, the entorhinal cortex, the ventral globus pallidus and the globus pallidus were all activated; at stage 3, the thalamic nuclei (mediodorsal, ventrolateral, ventromedial and centromedian nuclei), the substantia nigra pars reticulata, the entopeduncular nucleus and the sensorimotor cortex were also activated. The globus pallidus, which receives afferent fibers from the nucleus accumbens, was the first structure that was activated metabolically among the extralimbic structures. No metabolic activation occurred in the amygdala and the hippocampus in spite of the early propagation of epileptiform discharges to these structures on EEG. These results suggest that OB seizures involve the limbic structures, while the amygdala and the hippocampus have a little contribution to OB seizures. In addition, the nucleus accumbens plays an important role as a functional interface between the limbic and the motor system in OB seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Temperature-controlled high-performance liquid chromatography using a uniformly sized temperature-responsive polymer-based packing material.

Uniformly sized polymer-based packing materials modified with a temperature-responsive polymeric selector, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), on either the internal or the external surface were prepared by an in situ surface-selective modification method. These packing materials were utilized as stationary phases in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate their ability to thermally control chromatographic separation selectivity. A packing material having a modified internal surface showed temperature-dependent separation selectivity in drug separation. Drugs that could not be separated below the phase transition temperature of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) selector were separated faster and with much better resolution above the phase transition temperature, while the unmodified base packing material afforded worse resolution of the drugs above the phase transition temperature due to the peak overlapping resulting from faster elution of all the solutes employed. In addition, a packing material modified on the external surface showed a temperature-responsive shift of the elution region for a polypeptide such as BSA, which was thought to be useful in direct injection of a serum sample.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

Post-ischemic changes of [3H]glycine binding in the gerbil brain after cerebral ischemia.

Sequential changes of [3H]glycine binding in the gerbil were investigated in selectively vulnerable areas 1 h to 7 days after 10 min of cerebral ischemia. A significant reduction in [3H]glycine binding was found in the hippocampus and thalamus from as early as 1 h after ischemia. In contrast, the striatum and frontal cortex showed a significant decline in [3H]glycine binding from 5 h after recirculation. Thereafter, a severe reduction in [3H]glycine binding was observed in all regions 7 days after ischemia. MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) immunoreactivity was unaffected in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and thalamus up to 48 h after ischemia. Thereafter, a severe loss of MAP2-immunoreactive neurons was found in these regions, especially in the hippocampal CA1 sector. However, the striatum showed a severe loss of MAP2 immunoreactivity from 24 h after ischemia. These results demonstrate that transient cerebral ischemia causes severe reduction in [3H]glycine binding throughout the brain, and this reduction precedes the neuronal damage in selectively vulnerable areas. These findings suggest that a neurotransmitter, glycine, may play a key role in the pathogenesis of post-ischemic neurodegeneration in selectively vulnerable areas.

Animals↗