Biomedical subjects

T Aparisi

Publications and source records attributed to T Aparisi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Local tumour resection in interferon treated osteosarcoma patients.

Fifteen patients with primary classical osteosarcoma tumours are presented, all of whom have been operated on with local en bloc resection of the tumour mass in combination with adjuvant treatment with human leucocyte interferon. All patients have at present been followed up for more than fifteen years and half of them have shown no tumour recurrence. One patient committed suicide and eight died of generalized tumour disease. Two patients developed lung metastases five and eight years after primary surgery. This form of treatment, allowing limb preservation, is presented as an alternative to conventional ablative surgery providing that it is reserved for centres with specialized surgical teams.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

The correlation of arthrography with the results of treatment in late diagnosed congenital dislocation of the hip.

The aim of this study was to assess the value of arthrography of the hip in the investigation of late diagnosed congenital dislocation. The results of the treatment of 109 hips were related to the findings at arthrography. The hip radiographs at follow-up were normal in all cases where the arthrogram had demonstrated a congruent reduction (86). When the arthrogram had indicated a block in reduction the results were less favourable, and dysplasia or subluxation was present at follow-up in 19 cases, despite repeated conservative or operative treatment. Four hips appeared normal after operation. Arthrography gave valuable information and showed good correlation with the results of treatment.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1986

Lysis of autologous tumor cells by blood lymphocytes tested at the time of surgery. Correlation with the postsurgical clinical course.

Lymphocyte-mediated lysis of autologous tumor cells (autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity ALC) was tested at the time of surgery in 108 patients (46 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, 25 adenocarcinomas of the lung, 19 soft tissue sarcomas and 18 osteosarcomas). The clinical course of these patients in relation to the test results has been published previously. The group was evaluated again after an extended observation time, now with a mean of 80.2 months (range 36-108). The test was rarely positive in patients with metastasis (2 out of 28 experiments). There was a correlation between the ALC results and the postsurgical clinical course for patients without detectable metastasis in that (1) a negative test was invariably a bad prognostic sign, i.e., all 32 patients with negative ALC died within 3 years (mean survival time 16.1 months). (2) The remission and survival times were longer for the ALC positive patients (p less than 0.001). (3) All 37 individuals who are alive at present without recurrence belong to the reactive group. The ALC results correlated with the clinical course in 88% of patients. The correlation was highest for the groups of soft tissue sarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. There was no correlation between killing of K562 cells and ALC, or between lymphoproliferative response to PHA and ALC reactivity.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structural localization of adenosine triphosphatase.

The localization of ATPases in 7 osteogenic sarcomas of osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic type was investigated at the fine structural level using two types of substrates: one with lead as capturing ion and one with strontium (the latter presumed to reveal sites of Na+-K+-dependent transport ATPase). Reaction product with the lead-ATP medium was located on the plasma membrane and the membranes bordering subjacent vesicles and vacuoles in all the various types of osteoblastlike and fibroblastlike cells and also in types 1 and 3 chondroblastlike cells, and multinucleated giant cells believed to be neoplastic. Furthermore, deposits of reaction product were demonstrated in lysosomelike organelles in all the aforementioned cells. Except in the case of chondroblastlike cells, precipitates marking the localization of enzyme were confined to areas of the plasma membrane where adjacent cells were closely applied (the free surface lacked precipitates). In chondroblastlike cells the reaction product was usually deposited along the whole plasma membrane. Presence of L-Homoarginine or L-Tetramisole in the incubation medium in concentrations that have been shown to completely abolish alkaline phosphatase activity did not affect the occurrence of the reaction product with ATP as substrate indicating that the enzyme hydrolysing ATP was substrate-specific. Reaction product marking sites of Na+-K+-dependent ATPase was confined to plasma membranes and lysosomes of cells in vessel walls. The observations strengthen the notion obtained in studies on the localization of alkaline phosphatase, namely that osteoblastlike, chondroblastlike, and fibroblastlike cells in osteogenic sarcomas are histogenetically related to one another and to those multinucleated giant cells that presumably are of a neoplastic nature.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1986

Quantitation of the nuclear DNA content in tissue prepared for electron microscopy.

The possibility of determining the cellular DNA content in tissue prepared for electron microscopy (EM) was investigated. Comparative cell population DNA analyses of deparaffinized and Epon-embedded sections of equal thickness (2 micron) from the same tumor (osteosarcoma) showed almost identical DNA distribution curves. The methodologic prerequisites for both EM and DNA analyses of identical cells was then investigated. Using a special technique involving consecutive sections of 500-600 A and 2-micron thickness for EM morphology and Feulgen staining, respectively, nuclear parts of identical cells could be identified in both types of sections. Thus, cells selected in ultrathin sections could be identified in corresponding Feulgen-stained Epon-embedded sections for cytophotometric DNA analysis. All normal cells (lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages), as defined and selected at the ultrastructural level, proved to be diploid (with normal DNA content) as determined in the corresponding Feulgen-stained Epon-embedded sections, whereas all analyzed osteosarcoma cells, except one, were aneuploid. The results indicate that 2-micron thick Feulgen-stained, Epon-embedded specimens from osteosarcoma, previously fixed in glutaraldehyde and OsO4, may be used for cytophotometric DNA measurements. Since aneuploidy is almost exclusively found in malignant cells, this criterion may serve as a marker for such cells. Consequently, whenever it is questionable whether in a mixed population a given cell selected for ultrastructural study is malignant or not, DNA cytophotometry may give decisive information, provided aneuploidy can be demonstrated.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1985

Radiographic measurement of the lumbar spine. A clinical and experimental study in man.

The accuracy of radiographic measurements of lumbosacral lordosis, vertebral size, spondylolisthesis, and disc height were studied. Errors caused by lateral tilt or longitudinal axis rotation of the lumbosacral spine were assessed in an experimental study on 12 cadavers. In a series of 170 normal individuals, the distribution of radiographic variables describing lumbosacral lordosis, size of vertebrae, and disc height was investigated. The interobserver measurement variation was studied with respect to all measured variables. The differences between radiographs of 125 spondylolytic patients in the recumbent and standing positions were analyzed with respect to vertebral slipping and lumbosacral lordosis. There were only minor projectional and interobserver measurement errors in the variables describing vertebral size and lumbosacral lordosis, which make these variables suitable for radiographic assessment at repeated examination. The absolute measurements of disc height were too inaccurate to be used as a basis for conclusions. A semiquantitative approach is more reliable, and can be recommended for the comparison of radiographic assessments of disc height. In adults, the radiographic evaluation of vertebral slipping and lumbosacral lordosis is equally reliable in the recumbent and standing positions.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structure of hard tissue areas.

The structure of hard tissue areas (with osteoid and calcified matrix) in 10 osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied in the electron microscope. Neoplastic cells commonly associated with these areas and presumably actively involved in the production of hard tissue were osteoblast-like cells types 1 and 3, chondroblast-like cells type 1, and fibroblast-like cells, as defined and characterized in previous studies. The cells differed from those in soft tissue areas of osteogenic sarcomas in but one respect: they usually showed presence of irregular extrusions at their surfaces. Other types of osteoblast-like and chondroblast-like cells occurred rarely or not at all. Two types of multinucleated giant cells were recognized in these areas, one showing a fine structure reminiscent of that in osteoclasts, the other probably being of a neoplastic nature and engaged in the production of the calcifying matrix. The evidence suggested that neoplastic osteoblast-like, chondroblast-like, and fibroblast-like cells as well as certain multinucleated giant cells might all be involved in the mineralization process and/or the formation of osteoid in osteogenic sarcomas. Although phenotypically of highly variable appearance, all these different cells may thus functionally (and probably histogenetically) be closed related. The mineralization process in the tumor tissue appeared to be a modification of what occurs in normal ossification, possibly with an alternative or complementary pathway involving the production of spherical bodies with layered contents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structural localization of alkaline phosphatase.

The localization of alkaline phosphatase in eight osteogenic sarcomas of osteoblastic. chondroblastic, and fibroblastic type was investigated at the fine structural level using beta-glycerophosphate as substrate and lead as capturing ion. Final product marking localization of alkaline phosphatase was deposited over plasma membranes and associated subplasmalemmal vesicles and vacuoles in various types of osteoblastlike, chondroblastlike, and fibroblastlike cells as well as certain multinucleated giant cells. Presence of L-homoarginine or L-tetramisole in the incubation medium, and incubation at 65 degrees C, prevented the deposition of final product, suggesting that the enzyme studied was "bone specific." The evidence obtained was compatible with the notion that the different cells showing presence of reaction product were functionally and histogenetically closely related and all were likely to be capable of bone production.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Relationship between radiological and clinical variables in spondylolysis.

A clinical and radiological follow-up investigation with at least 20 years observation time was made of 255 persons with lumbar spondylolysis with or without spondylolisthesis. The main purposes were to study the relationship between clinical and radiological features and to look for radiological and other variables of prognostic value. There was a clear positive correlation of symptoms and functional impairment during the observation period to disc degeneration and vertebral slipping at follow-up, as well as to a decrease in lumbar index at the time of diagnosis. Individual factors and radiological signs at the time of diagnosis were shown to have prognostic value for the course of the disease. The risk factors for severe symptoms and need for treatment were more than 10 mm of vertebral slipping, low lumbar index, increased lumbar lordosis, lysis in the fourth lumbar vertebra and early onset of symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Radiographic assessment of anatomic deviations in lumbar spondylolysis.

A series of 202 patients (133 men, 69 women) with spondylolysis were examined with respect to radiographic variables describing lumbosacral lordosis, size of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes and disc height. An age-standardized and sex-stratified comparison was made with a control group of 170 subjects (68 men, and 102 women) without lumbar spine disorders. The difference in lumbosacral lordosis between the spondylolysis and control groups was considered to be secondary to olisthesis, and to lack an etiologic role for the genesis of lysis. The lengths of the transverse processes and their distances to the crista iliaca posterior demonstrated no differences between the groups and therefore did not seem relevant to the context of the pathogenesis of spondylolysis. The fifth lumbar vertebra in the spondylolytic patients was more wedged and less wide than in the controls. The question of the primary or secondary nature of this change has not yet been clearly elucidated, and should be given further attention. The spondylolytic patients demonstrated a decrease in the height of the L5-S1 disc much earlier than the controls, and the degree of narrowing of the disc space was much more marked.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Prognostic radiographic aspects of spondylolisthesis.

A series of 202 patients (133 men, 69 women) with lumbar spondylolysis were examined radiographically on two occasions, first at the time of diagnosis and later at a follow-up, after an observation period of 20 years or more. The films from patients in groups without and with moderate and severe olisthesis were evaluated with respect to variables describing lumbosacral lordosis, wedging of the spondylolytic vertebra, lengths of the transverse processes and iliolumbar ligaments, disk height, progression of slipping, and influence on measured olisthesis of lumbar spine flexion and extension at the radiographic examination. The evaluation was made with special attention to possible signs which could be predictive for the prognosis of vertebral slipping. Progression of slipping did not differ between patients diagnosed as adults or adolescents. Reduction of disk height was correlated to the degree of slipping present at the initial examination and to the progression of olisthesis. Flexion and extension of the lumbar spine did not modify the degree of olisthesis. Data concerning the lengths of the transverse processes and the iliolumbar ligaments, and lumbar lordosis, cannot be used for prognostic purposes. The lumbar index reflecting the degree of wedge deformity of the spondylolytic vertebra was shown to be the only variable of prognostic value for the development of vertebral slipping.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structure of the chondroblastic type.

The fine structure of representative regions of four chondroblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied. These regions contained four morphologically distinguishable subtypes of chondroblastlike cells. In addition, multinucleated giant cells, fibroblastlike cells, and macrophagelike cells were present, along with small populations of unclassifiable cells forming at least two subgroups of cells likely to be of a neoplastic nature. With only one exception, all types of chondroblastlike cells were separated by wide zones of extracellular matrix. The large multinucleated cells showed a fine structure that differed from that seen in multinucleated giant cells of other tissues. The evidence suggested that the multinucleated cells in the chondroblastic osteogenic sarcomas were active in phagocytic functions. It is not clear whether or not they are neoplastic in nature. Osteoblastlike cells were not encountered in the chondroid areas of the osteogenic sarcomas studied. On the basis of the findings it is concluded that the observed fine structural polymorphism of the chondroblastlike cells may reflect differences in maturation and differentiation among these cells. The most well-differentiated cells (type 1) appear to be able to exert secretory functions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structure of the fibroblastic type.

The fine structure of representative regions of nine fibroblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied. As judged by light microscopic criteria, the tumors represented both highly malignant (grades 3-4) and less malignant (grade 2) varieties. By electron microscopy, six basic cell types were found in the selected regions (fibroblastlike, histiocytelike, and myofibroblastlike cells, along with xanthoma cells, multinucleated giant cells, and undifferentiated cells). In addition, occasional osteoblastlike cells were encountered. Fibroblastlike cells in general, and especially in grade 2 tumors, showed a fine structure, enabling differentiation from osteoblastlike cells. Multinucleated giant cells were of two morphologic types, and the fine structure appeared to be related to the malignancy potential and differentiation of the tumors. Many multinucleated giant cells in grade 2 tumors had a ruffled border and appeared to be highly active in digestive events (especially phagocytosis of whole cells and portions of cells). Accumulation of variable amounts of lipid in droplet form was common in the various types of cells present in the tissues. The observations were discussed with particular emphasis on the interrelationships and functional roles of the cells.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Correlation between lymphocyte-mediated auto-tumor reactivities and clinical course. I. Evaluation of 46 patients with sarcoma.

T-cell-enriched blood lymphocyte populations from 24 osteosarcoma and 22 soft-tissue sarcoma patients were assayed at the time of surgery for proliferative response to, and/or cytotoxic potential against autologous tumor cells. Tumor-free period and survival of the patients were correlated with the results obtained in the in vitro tests. The observation time was between 18 and 118 months (mean 62) for the osteosarcoma patients and between 18 and 72 (mean 42) for the patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. In both groups tumor-free period and survival were longer for those individuals who had auto-tumor reactivity. In the non-reactive group, all patients died within 3 years. Almost all patients had cytotoxicity against K562.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structure of the osteoblastic type.

The fine structure of representative regions of 13 osteoblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied. These regions contained four morphologically distinguishable subtypes of osteoblastlike cells. In addition, fibroblastlike and chondroblastlike cells were present, along with multinucleated giant cells, leukocytes, macrophagelike cells, and small populations of histogenetically unclassifiable (but probably neoplastic) cells. The morphologic evidence was compatible with the view that the variations in appearance among the subgroups of osteoblastlike cells reflected differences in maturation and differentiation of these cells. In at least one subgroup, the morphologic findings suggested that the cells were capable of manufacturing a secretory product. The multinucleated giant cells occurring in genuine tumor areas appeared to be closely related to neoplastic osteoblasts. The presence of chondroblastlike cells in the tissues illustrates that cells with a diverging differentiation can occur in an osteoblast-dominated cell population. This agrees with the view that the neoplastic cells originate from a mesenchymal stem cell with potential for multifaceted differentiation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Preoperative radiation therapy of high malignancy grade soft tissue sarcoma. A preliminary investigation.

Twenty-three patients with high malignancy grade soft tissue sarcoma received irradiation (about 40 Gy) followed by surgery. The follow-up time was 62 months or more in all patients. The local recurrence rate was 9 per cent (2/23). One of the patients was reoperated and is living free of disease, giving a local control rate of 95 per cent. Thirty per cent (7/23) of the cases developed distant metastases and died of the disease. Delayed wound healing was observed in 2 cases which was possibly due to the radiation therapy. Since surgery was regarded non-radical in 5 cases, the local control obtained by the combined radiation therapy and surgery is good and should be the subject for further investigations.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Missing cruciate ligament in congenital short femur.

We are reporting six cases of congenital absence of one or both cruciate ligaments of the knee in patients with mild proximal femoral focal deficiency. Three patients had considerable laxity of the knee with a positive anterior and posterior drawer sign. Three patients had an isolated anterior drawer sign without posterior instability. Radiographic examination showed changes in the tibial spine in all affected knees. Arthroscopic examination showed complete absence of both cruciate ligaments in all three patients who had the combined sagittal laxity. The three patients with anterior laxity alone had no vestige of an anterior cruciate ligament. None of the patients in our study had any arthroscopic or important radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. One patient was followed until she was sixty years old. Her case suggests that knee instability may persist without causing osteoarthritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Adjuvant interferon treatment of human osteosarcoma.

This paper updates the results of the clinical trial to examine the efficacy of exogenous leukocyte interferon therapy as adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma. So far the incidence of metastases is lower and the survival rate is better for the interferon-treated group than for the concurrent control group. The number of treated patients is too small at present to allow proper statistical calculations to be made.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗